壮观火焰谷 - Valley of Fire

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摄影画 - 壮观火焰山

火焰谷，梦幻中的西游记

火焰谷是1935年命名的美国内华达州最古老的州立公园，位于拉斯维加斯东北约58英里的莫哈韦沙漠地带处，是一座面积高达36800公顷的户外考古博物馆，谷里有许多奇特的红白条纹岩石块，远远眺望，山谷呈现着一片西游记中才能梦幻见到的火焰般的红色。

踏上不起眼的小路，很快便看到了远处的红色山峦，在一望无边的荒漠中，突然出现嶙峋的奇山异石，突兀得仿佛是从天外飞来。

据说这火焰谷是由1亿5000万年前（中生代）恐龙时代大移沙丘形成的壮观的红色砂岩地层组成，还有其他岩层包括石灰石、页岩和砾岩。明亮的砂岩地层在太阳光反射时看似在燃烧着，因此而得名。

远处白雪皑皑，眼前红火岩岩，这雄伟壮丽的景观，那一瞬间的视觉震撼，不由得让每个来到这里的人深深赞叹！

雄伟山峦之长卷

Valley of Fire is located in the Mojave Desert approximately 58 miles Northeast of the Las Vegas Strip. Valley of Fire is the oldest Nevada State Park and was dedicated in 1935. Valley of Fire State Park covers an area of approximately 35,000 acres. Valley of Fire was named for the magnificent red sandstone formations that were formed from great shifting sand dunes during the age of the dinosaurs more than 150 million years ago (Mesozoic Era). These brilliant sandstone formations can appear to be on fire when reflecting the sun’s rays. Other important rock formations include limestone, shale, and conglomerates.

一对火狮子

火焰谷处处可见一座座红色山石，烈烈似火燃焰，被称为火焰谷名不虚传，仿佛来到了被孙悟空灭火之后的火焰山遗迹。

飘云石

卧犬石

城堡岩

远远望去就像是一个古印第安文明的城堡遗址，虽经历了千万年的风吹雨打，仍然屹立在那里，述说着美洲大陆印第安文化的古老故事。

火焰谷的人类活动最早可以追溯到史前的Anasazi人，这些在附近肥沃的MOAPA河谷的农民，因为狩猎，食物收集和宗教仪式等来到火焰谷。

这里曾是印第安人长期秘密守护着的一块圣地。在红色的砂岩之上，依然可以看到许多壁画，内容是描述当时的印第安人的生活及大自然的变化等。据考证，那在几十米上面的壁画已经有4000多年的历史了 。

梭标岩

梭标投射器是一种发射装置，通常会用一根短线绑在矛上，当被抛到空中时矛就会旋转。这块岩石上的岩画描绘（石刻）着的就是古印第安人在使用这样的武器，实在是不容错过的景点。

Atlatl Rock

An atlatl is a device used for launching a spear; usually a short cord would around the spear so that when thrown into the air the weapon will rotate. The ancient Indians used these weapons and they are depicted in the petroglyphs (rock carvings) located at Atlatl Rock.

这个壁画呈现了古印地安人的生活及原住民对宇宙星辰变化的记录。

拱门石

拱门石已经形成了数千年，由于大风和雨水慢慢冲走岩石中的砂粒，随着时间的推移，里面的岩石剥落，形成了今天看到的天然拱门。最终它会变得太大支持不了而崩塌。

Arch Rock

Valley of Fire Arch Rock has formed over many millennia by strong winds and rain slowly washing away the materials holding its sand grains together. The rock weakened over time, allowing the natural arch that you see today to form. Eventually it will grow too large for its support and will collapse.

大象岩 - 这也是石头被长期风化、冲蚀而形成的。

Elephant Rock： This rock is a fine example of an arch in the shape of an elephant.

蜂窝岩

这也是一种砂岩地层，它不仅展示了由大自然创造的独特设计，也是一个很好的地质交错层代表。这些不同方向的槽线、岩层或岩床代表了在不同时期的淤泥沉积，岩床表示在材料沉积时风或水的移动角度。交错层理在沙丘、海滩沉积和河流沉积物中十分常见。

Beehives

The Beehives are sandstone formations that not only demonstrate the unique design that can be created by nature, but is an excellent representation of geologic cross bedding. Those are the grooved lines going in different directions. The layers or beds represent different layers of silt that are deposited at different times. The beds indicate the angle of the wind or water was moving at the time the material was deposited. Cross bedding is very common in sand dunes, beach deposits, and river sediments.

飞来石

那只飞来的小青蛙，已经在这里蹲侯了千万年了，不知道它是否等到了梦中的美丽公主。

白色穹丘

这是一种砂岩地层结构，远远望去其鲜艳的颜色对比十分漂亮。沿着蜿蜒小路走一英里路就可以看到包括沙漠景观、峡谷、色彩变换、洞穴、以及1966年的电影外景地。

White Domes

White Domes are sandstone formations with brilliant contrasting colors and a one-mile hike. The White Domes Trail is a moderate loop that combines sweeping desert vistas, a slot canyon, colors galore, s, caves and a historic movie site. The White Domes area was the location for the 1966 movie The Professionals. This western, starring Lee Marvin, Burt Lancaster and Claudia Cardinale was typical of the 1960s western genre.

坐猫

骄傲坐猫回头一瞥，令人怜惜

远处的岩石像不像尾巴拖地的石孔雀?

其实就是一个神奇的平衡岩。

平衡岩 Balanced Rock

Right outside the visitor center is another one of the famous Valley of Fire formations.

火焰谷的婚礼

过去的几年里，在拉斯维加斯地区，选择在火焰谷举行户外婚礼比其他任何地点都更受欢迎。客人可以委托当地婚庆公司购买婚礼许可证、安排火焰谷的婚礼。照片中的这对新人👫在一名摄影师(右)、一名牧师(左)、一个音乐播放器的帮助下完成了火焰谷的婚礼💝

Valley of Fire Weddings have become very popular in the last few years with more scenic outdoor Las Vegas Weddings performed at Valley of Fire than any other location in the Las Vegas area.

男人岩

英俊潇洒的男人岩，为多少新婚伉俪送去了衷心的祝福。

值得一提的是那些具有彩色波浪纹的山石，让人们看到大自然不但是神奇的雕塑家，而且还是出色的音乐师。

这些波纹岩谱写出的旋律是如此的美妙，让人们深深地陶醉其中。

野生动物

火焰谷到处都是野生动物，但大多数居民是夜行动物。有不同种类的蜥蜴和蛇，还有狼、山猫、狐狸、臭鼬、兔子、松鼠和羚羊等。你很可能会在这里看到这样的沙漠大角羊，那将会是一件很好的事。

Wildlife

Valley of Fire is teeming with wildlife, but most of the animals that reside in Valley of Fire are nocturnal. Thee are many species of lizards and snakes, as well as coyote, bobcat, kit fox, skunk, jackrabbit, and antelope ground squirrel. It is always a nice treat to see desert big horn sheep and you are likely to see sheep in the middle of the day.

火焰谷的植物

火焰谷主要有石炭灌木、驴灌木、杂酚油，扁果菊等；仙人掌如海狸尾巴和仙人掌也很丰富；春天的花朵与沙漠万寿菊，靛蓝的灌木、和沙漠锦葵等。这会使得公园的春天看起来特别壮观。

Valley of Fire is dominated by creosote bush, burro bush, and brittlebush. Cactus species such as beaver tail and cholla are also abundant. The springtime blooms with desert marigold, indigo bush, and desert mallow. This makes the park look especially spectacular in the spring.

克拉克纪念碑

John J. Clark 1844出生于加拿大。他于1862年当兵，在内战中积极服役。后来他手部受伤并患了伤寒。1863年退伍后，克拉克中士移居加州南部。在一次从Bakersfield前往盐湖城的旅行中，他来到了火之谷，并停留徘徊，可能是在寻找水。最终，他倒在了他的四轮马车下死去。1915年6月30日他的尸体被发现。

Clark Memorial

John J. Clark was born in Canada in 1844. He enlisted as a private in Company F of the New York Infantry in 1862, serving actively in the Civil War. After being shot in the hand and contracting typhoid fever, he was honorably discharged on March 6, 1863 as a sergeant in Company B of the New York Calvary. Following his discharge, Sergeant Clark emigrated to Southern California. While traveling from Bakersfield to Salt Lake City on a buckboard (a light, four-wheeled carriage), he stopped in Valley of Fire, tied his horse to the back of the wagon and wandered around, possibly looking for water. Eventually, he crawled under his buckboard and died, presumably from thirst, several days before his body was found on June 30, 1915.

Valley of Fire is marked as Nevada Historical Marker #150 (Nevada’s First State Park). Valley of Fire Road is the main road through the park. The 10.5 mile (16.9 km) road connects the east and west entrances of the park and was designated as a Nevada Scenic Byway in 1995.
Prehistoric people of Valley of Fire included the Anasazi, who were famers from the nearby fertile Moapa Valley. Their visits to Valley of Fire probably involved hunting, food gathering, and religious ceremonies. There are fine examples of rock art (petroglyphs) at several locations throughout Valley of Fire.

http://www.valley-of-fire.com/

美篇以多视角熟练的摄影手法记录了火焰谷的不同景色，画面震撼、雄伟大气。不同形状的火焰峰，以及那里的人文、自然美景，以及特效制作的视觉，给人们犹如身临其境的享受。

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