西湖文化史迹——郭庄

学步翁

<h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “郭庄”,西湖“四庄”之首(其余三庄为“刘庄”、“汪庄”、“蒋庄”),位于杨公堤卧龙桥北堍。清光绪三十三年(1907年),杭州绸商宋端甫出资建造,原名“端友别墅”,俗称“宋庄”。民国期间,宋家道中落,先抵押给清河坊“四拐角”的“孔凤春”粉店,后转卖给汾阳籍的福建商人郭士林,由此改称“汾阳别墅”,俗称“郭庄”。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1950年,“郭庄”划拨给了公安系统,变成了派出所,好一些的房子做了办公室,差一点的改成了仓库,甚至做了关押犯人的囚室。建筑与园林损缺荒芜,看了让人心痛。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 上世纪八十年代,同济大学教授、杭州人陈从周(晚年别号“梓室”,自称“梓翁”)发出呼吁,救救“郭庄”!1989年10月,“郭庄”由市园林部门收回整修,以修旧如旧的原则,恢复了“郭庄”原来的格局和风貌,于1991年10月1日重新对游人开放。“郭庄”借西湖之景,与西湖山水融为一体,雅洁有致,构思精巧,被誉为“西湖古典园林之冠”;被园林学者誉为“西湖池馆中最富古趣者”。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《西湖郭庄闲眺》</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 陈从周</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 苏堤如带水溶溶,</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 小阁临流照影空。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 仿佛曲终人不见,</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 阑干闲了柳丝风。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “汾阳别墅”,杨公堤28号,貌不惊人的景区大门,有道是:</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 山不在高,有灵则胜;</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 景未必大,得趣便佳。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 站在卧龙桥上看“郭庄”,满园绿色关不住。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 郭士林买下“端友别墅”后,兴建了西洋式住宅和石舫,改名为“汾阳别墅”。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 上世纪30年代,“郭庄”园内景色。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 民国时期,朋友“郭庄”聚会,在“赏心悦目亭”前合影留念。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “郭庄”平面导览图。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “两宜轩”把“郭庄”景区一分为二,南侧为“静必居”,是当年主人居家会客处所;北侧为“一镜开天”,是散步赏景之地。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “两宜轩”为通廊式建筑,一边是“浣池”,一边是“镜池”,南北两侧各有千秋,观赏两相宜。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “两宜轩”内茶座。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “香雪分春”主人家“静必居”的会客厅。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “香雪分春”厅前的小天井,隔着花窗,“浣池”若隐若现。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 浣池水平如镜,“两宜轩”在水面上投下了清晰的倒影。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 亭台楼榭,荷塘靓影,步移景异,一步一景。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “浣藻亭”背靠“景苏阁”,有洗涤文句、清扫心境的蕴涵。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在车马喧嚣的都市里,闲坐“浣藻亭”内,多几分清幽,少些许烦躁。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “静必居”的内院,主人家生活起居的地方。在“郭庄”举办花展期间,这里通常用来摆放盆景、插花。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “西山气爽”厅内的花卉盆景。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 走出生活区,经过一个不大的花园,常年绿树成荫、四季鲜花簇拥。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 花园尽头,一座小巧玲珑的“乘风邀月轩”伫立湖边。为了冬暖夏凉,楠木制作的镂花窗框、门板均可拆卸。晴日月夜,敞室临湖,确有乘风邀月之妙趣。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 如果是烈日当空或刮风下雨,从“香雪分春”厅走出,沿着“卷舒自如”廊,可以前往“景苏阁”。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “景苏阁”匾额由苏步青题写,寓意:可借苏堤之景入园。面湖二层楼建筑,一楼是主人下棋、弹琴场所;二楼陈列着文房四宝,是主人吟诗作画的地方。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “景苏阁”前有个月洞门,月洞门上方书有“枕湖”二字,洞门外是一方临湖平台,远处就是六桥烟柳的苏堤。“郭庄”仿佛是头枕西湖、临水而卧的仙女,含情脉脉地守望着苏堤。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 临湖平台,树影婆娑,围坐临风,举目四望:东借“苏堤春晓”、西览“双峰插云”、南望“雷峰夕照”、北眺“宝石流霞”。与其说是“郭庄”在借景,倒不如说是郭庄把里西湖的风光尽情揽入自己的怀中。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 六桥烟柳</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 雷峰夕照</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 保俶倩影</h3> <p class="ql-block">  临湖平台可供游人摄影、休憩和饮茶。下图为2013年秋,我与战友在此聚会。</p> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “静必居”内:</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 园林小品,花团锦簇;</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 镂空花窗,精彩纷呈。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “景苏阁”侧旁是构建在太湖石假山上的“赏心悦目亭”。居高临下,八面来风。明月当空之时,登此楼阁,吟饮赏景,能不悦目赏心?</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 亭下假山是清代的遗存,下部架空,引西湖的活水入园,与“一镜开天”池水相通,保护了“郭庄”的生态环境。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “静必居”与“一镜开天”有汀步连接。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “一镜开天”,园中有湖,池形如镜,故名“镜池”。曲廊环绕于水,叠石临照于水,花木簇拥于水,有了水,一切便都有了灵气,有了秀色。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “镜池”波平,“王莲”盛开。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 卧波桥下,锦鲤竞食。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 湖边方亭,迎风映月(此亭名“迎风映月亭”)。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 曲廊环绕,翠色迷人(此长廊名为“翠迷廊”)。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 新辟的“梓翁亭”,怀念陈从周教授。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 亭内陈列着陈从周的“重修汾阳别墅记”碑文。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “郭庄”内经常举办花卉展。下面是月季花展的主花坛。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 阳春三月,杜鹃花开。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 出水芙蓉,仙雾缭绕。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 傲霜秋菊,精彩纷呈。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 精品兰花,清幽高雅。</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 中国文化喜欢小处见无限,追求“一叶知秋”的意境。“郭庄”弹丸之地,然而园小乾坤大,举目四顾:点笔亭台,成图;着墨木石,成趣。小桥流水,曲岸清波。背靠青山,怀抱西湖,咫尺之地,不觉其小;偏僻一隅,不觉其寂。“郭庄”称得上西湖一绝,怪不得有人说:“不来郭庄,等于没到过西湖”。</h3>