关于补钙,人家瞎补的都傻,你不补就精了么?

小慧

<h1>冬天来了,日照时间短了,阳光里的紫外线弱了。</h1><h1>这说明什么呢?</h1><h1>对于有娃的妈来说,一年之中最需要“被补钙”的季节又到了!</h1><h1>随之而来的一大波“辟谣理论”也来了。</h1><h1>咱们的育儿观念,永远都是一抓就死,一放就乱,凡事很爱走极端。</h1><h1>前些年,补钙盛行全国,好像全民都缺钙,每天不吃上两片都不好意思出门。</h1><h1>随着这几年科普辟谣,“反补钙”言论又大行其道。大家都明白了,其实钙没那么玄妙,只要合理膳食,没那么容易缺,又觉得谁都不缺钙。</h1><h1>谁跟你提一句,你家孩子是不是缺钙?恨不得一个白眼翻死他,你才缺钙,你们全家都缺钙!</h1><h1>更有甚者,连医生开的钙剂都拒绝使用,好似我们开的是毒品一样,让人哭笑不得。</h1><h1>别人不缺瞎补是傻,你缺都不补,是不是更傻?</h1> <h1>首先需要说的是,钙确实很重要,基本上所有的生命过程都需要钙的参与。</h1><div>而人体不会自身合成钙,只能从外界获取。</div><h1>如果钙的摄入量不足,会影响到宝宝的正常生长发育。</h1><h1>随着物质生活水平的的提高,只要膳食均衡,从食物中就能获得足够的钙,确实不需要额外补充,但是如果饮食不合理,则很有可能会导致缺钙。</h1> <h1>什么样的宝宝会缺钙?</h1> <h1>1.奶量摄入不足</h1><div>出生后母乳喂养不足或者妈妈摄钙量不足,导致乳汁内含钙量低。(常见于0-1岁的宝宝)</div><div><br></div><div>添加辅食后,果汁、碳酸饮料摄入过多影响奶的摄入量。</div><div><br></div><div>宝宝断奶之后没有用足够的配方奶或其他奶制品替代。</div><div><br></div><div>2岁之后,宝宝直接过渡到成人的饮食结构,家长忽略了喝奶的重要性(尤其是本身就没有喝奶习惯的家庭)。</div><div><br></div><h1>2.饮食中高钙食物的摄入不足</h1><div><br></div><div>除了奶制品,通过食用含钙量高的食物也可以达到补钙的功效。</div><div>医学上主张补钙最好的途径是食补,而不是靠各种钙剂。</div><div>但有的家庭,食谱偏素,饮食结构单一,膳食里缺乏高钙的食物,或是有的宝宝偏食严重,就白白流失了通过食补补钙这一途径。</div><div><br></div><h1>3.维生素D摄入不足</h1><div><br></div><div>有的妈妈反应宝宝一直奶量不错、膳食也合理,依然出现缺钙症状是为什么呢?</div><div>因为你离补钙成功,还差着一个维生素D的距离。</div><div>很多类似缺钙的症状,真正缺乏的其实是维生素D,维生素D最重要的功能是促进钙的吸收,维生素D摄入不足才会容易引起缺钙。</div><div>然而婴幼儿获取“维生素D”的途径相当有限,母乳中什么成分都齐全,唯独维生素D有所缺乏,添加了辅食的宝宝,从膳食中能获取的维生素D也相当有限。</div><div><br></div><h1>关于维生素的补充标准:</h1><div><br></div><div>母乳喂养的宝宝,足月儿生后两周起就可添加维生素D,每天补充400IU;早产儿、双胞胎、低重儿出生即补充800IU/每天。</div><div><br></div><div>奶粉喂养的宝宝,因为奶粉里已经添加了维生素D,如果每日奶量达到1000ml+,那么就不要额外补充维D。</div><div><br></div><div>混合喂养的宝宝,可以酌情补充。美国儿科学会建议:所有混合喂养的宝宝(包括辅食宝宝)每日都应该补充400 IU维D。</div><div><br></div><div>发现了没?</div><div>补钙说起来并不神秘,但是真正做到补好钙、补够钙却没那么容易。</div><div>妈妈可以自查的参考标准来啦!</div><div>根据美国医学研究院的建议,不同年龄段的孩子每日推荐钙摄入量。</div><div>年龄</div><h1 style="text-align: center;">推荐钙摄入量</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">0-6个月</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">300毫克/天</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">7-12个月</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">400毫克/天</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">1-3岁</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">600毫克/天</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">4-8岁</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">1000毫克/天</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">9-18岁</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">1300毫克/天</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">看蒙圈了么?</h1><h1 style="text-align: center;">蒙圈就对了!</h1><div>不蒙圈怎么显得我接下来的解释有水平呢?哇咔咔~</div><div>下面就把上述的表格翻译为可操作的——吃什么?吃多少?</div><div>想要满足上述数量的钙摄入量通常有两个途径,一个是膳食钙,一个是专门的补钙制剂。</div><div>先说膳食钙。</div><div>膳食钙最重要的两个来源:一是牛奶及奶制品,二是高钙的食物。</div><div>1.不同年龄儿童每日建议饮奶量</div><h1><br></h1><h1>0-6个月</h1><h1><br></h1><div>母乳/婴儿配方奶是宝宝的主要膳食钙来源,0-3个月按需喂养,4-6个月每日饮奶量达到800ml以上者能基本满足钙的需要。</div><div>六个月前,只要是科学喂养的、奶量充足的宝宝,都不可能会缺钙。</div><h1><br></h1><h1>6-12个月:</h1><h1><br></h1><div>六个月后合理添加辅食,也可以从膳食中获得的一定量的钙。</div><div>但母乳/婴儿配方奶仍然是宝宝的主要膳食钙来源,每天保证大约600毫升的母乳或配方奶,加上合理饮食,就足够保证这个年龄段儿童所需的钙质。</div><div>注:母乳中的钙在这个时期虽然含量有所下降,但仍然是此阶段被吸收率最高的钙来源。</div><h1><br></h1><h1>1-2岁</h1><div><br></div><div>奶类及其制品现在膳食钙的主要来源。</div><div>这个年龄段的孩子已经可以喝全脂牛奶了,不论是母乳/配方奶/牛奶,每日饮奶量达到400-500ml,再加上其他食物提供的钙,就可满足每日钙需要。</div><h1><br></h1><h1>2-4岁</h1><h1><br></h1><div>中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所的全国调查显示,2-3岁幼儿膳食钙摄入严重不足。很重要一个原因就是断奶之后,儿童的饮食结构过于成人化,其中奶摄入量不足。</div><div>2-4岁建议每日的饮奶量是300-400毫升。</div> <h3>注:1岁之后各权威机构的建议略有不同,也跟不同国情以及不同家庭的饮食习惯有关,标准只是参考值哈,适当浮动是可以的。</h3> <h1>奶制品是最好的钙来源,所有的孩子都不应该避免食用奶制品。宝宝最健康的饮料永远只有水和牛奶。</h1><h1>注:如果宝宝不爱喝牛奶,或是有乳糖不耐受的问题,一喝牛奶就拉肚子,也可以喝等量的酸奶,或吃100克左右的奶酪 (奶酪由于把牛奶中的水分去掉了,所以钙含量非常高,100g足以满足一个成年人每日的钙需求)。</h1><h1>2.婴幼儿高钙食物推荐</h1><h1>除了奶和奶制品,一些常见的食物也是很好的钙质来源。</h1><h1>下表是通过《中国食物成分表》计算,常见食物提供300mg钙需要摄入的量。</h1> <h3 style="text-align: left;">食物名称 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 重量</h3><div style="text-align: center;"><br></div><div>芝麻酱 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 25.6</div><div>虾皮 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 30.3</div><div>榛子(炒) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;36.8</div><div>奶酪(干酪) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;37.5</div><div>豆腐干(干) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;41.0</div><div>黑白芝麻 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 43.5</div><div>海米 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;54.1</div><div>河虾 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;92.3</div><div>紫菜(干) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 113.6</div><div>黑木耳(干) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 121.5</div><div>海带(水发) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 124.5</div><div>芥菜(雪里红) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 130.4</div><div>豆腐丝 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;147.1</div><div>黄豆/大豆(干) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;157.1</div><div>酸奶 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;254.2</div><div>油菜 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;277.8</div><div>豌豆 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;283</div><div>牛奶 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 288.5</div><div>空心菜 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;303</div><div>小白菜 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 333.3</div><div>腐竹 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 389.6</div><div>大白菜 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;600</div><div>馒头 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1500</div><div>大米 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2142</div><div>肉 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5000</div><div>5000</div> <h1>用数据神马的说话最理直气壮啦!</h1><h1>表里除了酸奶和牛奶是液态,比较容易达到需要的量,其他的食物想要靠量胜出简直要撑死宝宝了,所以也进一步论证了,还是要多喝奶。</h1><h1>除此之外,一些低草酸的绿色蔬菜:西兰花、大白菜叶、卷心菜、羽衣甘蓝都是很好的、易吸收的钙来源;另外虾皮和海米都含盐,给宝宝吃要适量哦。</h1> <h1>膳食钙说完了,最后来说一下钙补充剂。</h1><h1>如果按照前文说的,充足奶量+补充维生素D+合理膳食,那么宝宝缺钙的可能是很小的。</h1><h1>但如果宝宝长期奶摄入量不足、偏食严重而家长一时无法改变现状,或是出现营养问题、疾病原因等等难以通过饮食解决的缺钙问题,还是应该选择合适的钙补充剂进行治疗的。</h1><h1>补充之前,应该咨询医生或营养师等专业人员。</h1> <h1>困妈有话说:</h1><div><br></div><h1>几乎每天都会有妈妈来问,孩子是不是缺钙,要不要补钙,其实说真的,困困从小到大,我几乎没给她吃过什么补品,她现在长得也挺好的。至于到底要不要补钙,我还是那句话,根据实际情况来吧,不要瞎补。</h1>