印度——行走在认识你的路上

王捷

<h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一直想去印度,因为恒河、因为泰姬陵、因为种姓制、还因为宗教与风情。前不久,偶然的一次机会,我踏上了印度这个神秘的国度。</h3><h3><br></h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度(India)四大文明古国之一,世界第二大人口国(人口将近13亿),地处南亚次大陆,国土面积328万平方公里(仅是中国国土面积的三分之一)</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;印度自古以来长期实行种姓制度,将人分为四个等级,即婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍和首陀罗。婆罗门主要是僧侣贵族,主管宗教和祭祀。刹帝利是军事贵族和行政贵族,拥有征收赋税的特权。吠舍是自由人,虽无特权但可以自由工作。首陀罗是被征服的土著人,从事低贱的工作。其实在印度还有第五种人,那就是贱民,只能从事最低贱肮脏的劳动。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1947年印度独立后,种姓制度在法律上被废除了,但人们在实际的生活中,种姓制度仍然存在着,并扮演着重要的角色。<br></h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度是一个宗教盛行的国家,其中百分之八十以上的印度人信奉印度教。其次是伊斯兰教和锡克教,而佛教在印度只有很少的人信奉。这让我感到非常意外,因为,我一直认为印度是佛教的发祥地,应该会有众多的佛教弟子,但印度的实际情况和我想象的完全不一样。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在一座印度教的寺庙中,我拍到了一位印度教的女教徒,她不美丽也不年轻,但她那双能放射出光芒的眼睛,让我感到了震惊。<br></h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 著名的瓦拉纳西,享有印度之光的称号。在瓦拉纳西的恒河岸边,我们观看了由七位婆罗门共同主持的印度教祈祷仪式。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 成千上万的印度教徒们聚集在恒河岸旁,参加或观看这场宏大的祈祷仪式。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 婆罗门们正在祈祷仪式上做法事,祈福风调雨顺,祈福幸福安康。我虽然看不懂法事,但我依然很尊重他们,因为这是他们的信仰。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; 婆罗门在祈祷仪式做法事,仪式隆重且神秘。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 祈祷仪式上有小乐队的音乐伴奏,乐队中有鼓手、键盘手和调音师。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 整个祈祷仪式上都有灯光和音乐,烟雾缭绕人山人海神秘壮观。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;我在恒河岸边看到了印度教的苦行僧,苦行僧是指印度教中以苦行为修行手段的僧人。他们蓬头垢面、衣衫褴褛。苦行僧必须忍受常人认为是痛苦的事,如长期断食甚至断水、躺在布满钉子的床上、走在火热的木炭上、忍受酷热和严寒等等,以此来锻炼忍耐力和离欲。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 苦行僧又分青衣派和天衣派。青衣派是穿衣服的苦行僧,一般是穿黄色的布衣。<br></h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;这就是位青衣派的苦行僧</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一位露宿街头的苦行僧,让路过此处的我,心中添了些伤感。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 我在拍摄下图这位天衣派苦行僧的那一瞬间手颤抖了,照片有些虚了。因为,我不想让他看到我在拍他,所以有些慌乱,但还是被他发现了,还好他没有对我发怒。要知道,就连印度人自己都不会招惹苦行僧的,因为他们吸食大麻,而且还会骂人。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 这是一位天衣派的苦行僧。天衣派为裸体,最多用布遮住下身。表示原始状态,远离尘世,与世无争。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 他睡着了 &nbsp; 他一无所有 &nbsp; &nbsp;他在苦行……</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度是一个贫富分化十分严重的国家,富人和中产阶级的生活是安稳的,是无忧无虑的。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 然而贫穷的人还很多,到处都有乞讨者和露宿街头的人。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在乞讨者中,我最害怕见到的就是儿童。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;一个孩子从我们的车窗前走过……</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;小憩之中的车夫</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 等待火车的人们</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一位美丽的小姑娘笑的如此甜美</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;其实她是一位乞讨者</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 面对我们的车窗时,她乞求的表情印在了我的心上。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度呀!你巨大的贫富差距,让我的心中如此悲伤!</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度人一般不吃牛肉和猪肉,并视牛为母亲。所以牛到处都是,包括在高速路上。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;狗和猴子也是到处都有</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 瓦拉纳西的鹿野苑,有着印度之光的称号,是佛陀四圣地之一,也是释迦牟尼第一次教授佛法的地方。在印度,因为信奉佛教的人很少,所以我在鹿野苑和达美克塔下看到的,大都是来自东南亚等国的外国佛教信徒。但他们的真挚与虔诚,同样会让你感动。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;僧人们带领着佛教信徒,在达美克塔下边走边诵经。</h3><h3> </h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在达美克圣塔之下 &nbsp; &nbsp;</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;恒河是一条令人震撼的伟大河流,我不是指恒河的流量和恒河的长度,而是指恒河流域所养育的人数之大。</h3><h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;她是印度教徒心目中的圣河,人们认为恒河之水可以涤罪攘祸,因而去恒河之中来个大洗浴是印度教徒最向往和痛快不过的事情。所以恒河岸边,人们痴狂的相拥着这“美妙”的圣水。恒河是印度伟大的母亲河,印度人民心中最为神圣的河流,人们世世代代、生生死死都会在这里。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 恒河对印度教徒来说就是圣河,人们一早来到恒河的西岸祈祷、祈福、沐浴、洗礼。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度人认为恒河的西岸是幸福、是希望、是天堂,而恒河的东岸则是代表死亡。<br></h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp;洗礼沐浴祈祷, 凌晨的恒河水真的很凉!!!</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一位站在冰冷的恒河水中的女人,口中在念念有词的祈祷着 ,看着她我的心在颤抖。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一位面向恒河祈祷的女人 &nbsp; &nbsp;在她的眼中,我看到了真诚、希望、期盼与忏悔。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 迎着晨光在恒河中沐浴洗礼的人们</h3> <h3>&nbsp;在冰冷的恒河水中 &nbsp; &nbsp;祈祷 洗礼和忏悔的女人</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 沐浴圣河之水的人们</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 放河灯</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 恒河岸边的火化场面震撼了我,这让我对印度对恒河有了更深刻的认识。印度人视恒河为神圣的母亲,他们祖祖辈辈生活在恒河的岸边,到恒河中洗礼,在恒河中沐浴,喝恒河水成长,用恒河水浇灌,去恒河岸祈祷,在恒河里死去。恒河是他们的希望,是他们的生命!是他们的全部!</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 火化地点滚滚烟尘 &nbsp; 一片狼藉</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; 逝者在烈火中永生 &nbsp; &nbsp; 生者在烈火旁祈祷</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 大量的木柴运到火化地点</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 恒河岸旁有很多火化地点,印度教徒认为死后,要将火化后的尸骨投入恒河,灵魂才能够进入天堂。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 清晨一位婆罗门正在恒河岸旁祈祷祈福 ,新的一天将从这里开始。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 船上的人们在向恒河的水中投食, 喂养恒河的鱼儿和水鸟。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 恒河之水你静静的流淌,你哺育着人们的成长,承载着人们的希望,洗礼了人们的心灵,带走了人们的尸骨。你安静且宽广,你静静的,静静的,护送着人们的灵魂进入天堂,而你却义无反顾直入海洋。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;泰姬陵是印度穆斯林艺术最完美的瑰宝,是世界遗产中的经典杰作之一,被誉为“完美建筑”,又有“印度明珠”的美誉。它的华丽和宏伟反映着当时莫卧儿帝国的强盛富饶 ,同时她也是一座为爱而生的建筑 , 泰姬陵是我在印度最想去看的地方,因为她在我的心中是永远的童话、是爱情的圣地、是凄楚的故事、是纯洁的见证。泰戈尔说她是"永恒在面颊上的一滴泪",当我看到泰姬陵的那一瞬间,我被感动了。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1612年,19岁的波斯姑娘阿姬曼•芭奴,嫁给了莫卧儿皇帝沙贾汗为妃,被沙贾汗封为“泰姬•玛哈尔”,美丽聪慧的泰姬与沙贾汗相亲相爱,在婚后的19年中,为沙贾汗生下了14个孩子。然而红颜薄命,1631年38岁的泰姬香消玉损</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 悲痛的沙贾汗倾举国之力,用22年的时间为爱妻建造了泰姬陵,写下了这段瑰丽的绝唱。马克•吐温说,爱情的力量在这里震撼了所有人。这其中也包括了我!</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;雕刻精美的泰姬陵</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 美丽的泰姬长眠于此</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;泰姬陵的院景</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 泰姬陵全部是用白色的大理石建造的,她洁白、美丽、纯真。</h3><h3>&nbsp; 天水之间 &nbsp; &nbsp;泰姬之陵 &nbsp; &nbsp;美丽之爱 &nbsp; 千古之传</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在我去印度的前几天,印度总理莫迪突然宣布,印度货币中的500元和1500元将停止使用,人们要在规定期限内换成新钱,而每人每天只能对换2000元(相当于人民币200元),于是全印度所有银行的门前,就成为了这样。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 等待换钱的人们排成长队</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;印度的出租车</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度是全球污染最严重的国家,比中国还要严重,但在印度到处还在焚烧垃圾。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 老三轮车夫和头顶垃圾的女人</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;女孩拉着视力不好的妈妈过马路</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 传说中的印度舞蛇者</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度的学生非常阳光好客</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;我和印度学生们在一起</h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;印度有众多的寺庙供人们参观</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;精美的寺庙让人流连忘返</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;一位瑜珈女在寺庙中做起了瑜珈们</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;夕阳中的寺院</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;成群的鱼鹰在这里休息</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 地处斋普尔的风之宫殿,是一座在18世纪建造的粉红色的美丽宫殿。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 斋普尔旧城精美的琥珀堡</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宫殿中的游览者</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度象成为了一道旅游的风景</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;印度的服装莎丽真的很美</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 克久拉霍是印度著名的古代宗教城市遗址,以印度教庙宇著称。克久拉霍的性爱庙群是印度教的独特之处,它是中古时期印度教寺庙建筑与雕刻的代表,印度教的艺术之城,被誉为性爱的殿堂。庙宇之中对性爱的公开程度和精湛的雕刻艺术,让观看者目瞪口呆。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;性爱庙宇中的雕刻群精美绝伦</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 庙宇中巧妙的运用了光与影</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;一位印度女子在性爱庙前拍照</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 庙前的石雕精美大气</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 性爱庙前的一对老人和几位年青人</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度的传统婚礼也是印度传统特色的文化之一,在新人举行婚礼时,所有的家庭成员都须参加。新娘的双手上都要画上华丽的散沫花图案,穿金边的红色和白色的婚纱,佩戴很多的黄金首饰和珍宝,新娘的脖子上还要佩戴一个用玫瑰花和金盏草编织的大花环寓意着幸福吉祥。 在印度,婚礼也是一种重要的宗教活动,一般是从傍晚开始直到深夜这样连续几天。和中国相同,参加婚礼的人越多,主人家就越有面子。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;婚礼的乐队挺气派哈</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;带着花环的新郎和新娘</h3><h3> </h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 婚礼上宾客满堂</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 迎亲的队伍中还带着一台老旧的柴油发电机用于灯光照明</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在迎亲的队伍中还有头大象</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在婚礼上人们载歌载舞欢声笑语</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度人是一个载歌载舞的民族,一直喜欢印度歌舞,这次来印度有幸看到了一场印度舞表演。</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;印度的女演员挺漂亮</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;男演员舞蹈跳的很棒</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 印度对大多数中国人来说,还是一个神秘的国度,那里有很多的人还很贫穷,那里有很多的地方还很落后,那里有很多的印度教教徒,那里的人们还残存有等级,那里有一个古墓叫泰姬陵,那里有一条圣河叫恒河,那里目前正发生着巨大的变化。对于印度,我们还行走在认识你的路上……。</h3><h3><br></h3>