<p class="ql-block">文/房国栋</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">英语语法中的*就近规则和就远规则*是主谓一致的重要规则，用于确定谓语动词的单复数形式。以下通过具体示例说明两者的区别与应用。</p><p class="ql-block">一、就近原则</p><p class="ql-block">就近原则要求谓语动词的单复数形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。常见于以下结构： </p><p class="ql-block">1. 选择性并列连词连接的主语：</p><p class="ql-block">△ or / either...or：</p><p class="ql-block">Either the director or the actors need to attend the press conference tomorrow. </p><p class="ql-block">明天导演或演员们需要参加新闻发布会。</p><p class="ql-block">• 连词“either…or”连接两个主语，谓语动词“need”与靠近的主语“actors”保持一致，用复数形式。</p><p class="ql-block">对比↓↓</p><p class="ql-block">Either the actors or the director needs to attend. </p><p class="ql-block">•动词“needs”与临近的“director”保持一致。</p><p class="ql-block">又如：</p><p class="ql-block">• Either Tom or his sisters are responsible for this. </p><p class="ql-block">• Either the teacher or the students have to explain the rules. </p><p class="ql-block">△ 递进并列连词not only...but also：</p><p class="ql-block">Not only the children but also their mother likes the cartoon. </p><p class="ql-block">不仅孩子们，他们的妈妈也喜欢这部动画片。</p><p class="ql-block">• 动词“likes”与靠近的主语“mother”（单数）一致。</p><p class="ql-block">△双否定连词Neither …nor：</p><p class="ql-block">• Neither the books nor that pen is on the desk. </p><p class="ql-block">那几本书和那一只笔都不在桌子上。</p><p class="ql-block">2. there be 句型：</p><p class="ql-block">• There is a dog and two cats in the yard. </p><p class="ql-block">院子里有一只狗和两只猫。</p><p class="ql-block">• There are three apples and a banana on the table. </p><p class="ql-block">桌子上有三只苹果和一根香蕉。</p> <p class="ql-block">二、就远原则</p><p class="ql-block">就远规则要求谓语动词与较远的主语保持一致，常见于以下结构： </p><p class="ql-block">1. 连词短语作插入语分隔了主语：</p><p class="ql-block">The children, as well as their mother, like the cartoon. </p><p class="ql-block">孩子们和他们的妈妈都喜欢这部动画片。</p><p class="ql-block">• 动词“like”与核心主语“children”（复数）一致，“as well as their mother”为插入语。</p><p class="ql-block">又如↓↓</p><p class="ql-block">• The president, as well as his advisors, is attending the meeting. </p><p class="ql-block">主席以及他的顾问将要参加这个会议。</p><p class="ql-block">• A boy, together with his friends, was playing football. </p><p class="ql-block">那时，一个男孩和他的朋友正在玩足球。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 介词短语修饰主语：</p><p class="ql-block">The novel along with its illustrations and annotations has been published in three languages. </p><p class="ql-block">这部小说连同插图和注释，已以三种语言出版。</p><p class="ql-block">• 核心主语是“the novel”（单数），谓语动词“has”与核心主语“novel”保持一致（单数）。</p><p class="ql-block">• The teacher, along with the students, plans a trip. </p><p class="ql-block">那个老师以及他的学生计划做一次短途旅行。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">三、对比与总结</p><p class="ql-block">1. 就近原则强调“邻近性”，适用于并列主语或倒装句型，例如：</p><p class="ql-block">• Neither you nor I am wrong. （就近：与“I”一致）</p><p class="ql-block">2. 就远原则强调“核心性”，适用于主语后接修饰/插入成分的情况，例如：</p><p class="ql-block">• John, rather than his brothers, is to blame. （就远：与“John”一致）</p><p class="ql-block"> 3.易错点提醒</p><p class="ql-block">• 非正式语境中，部分结构可能忽略规则（如Neither...nor后用复数），但考试中需严格遵循原则。</p><p class="ql-block"> 4.倒装句的特殊性</p><p class="ql-block">• In the classroom were a desk, a chair, and some books. （就近：与“a desk”无关，因倒装后实际主语为复数）</p><p class="ql-block">四、结论</p><p class="ql-block">掌握就近与就远原则的关键在于识别主语结构： </p><p class="ql-block">• 若主语为选择性连词（如or, neither...nor）或递进连词（如 not only… but also）连接，动词形式与临近的一致；</p><p class="ql-block">• 若主语后接修饰语或插入短语（如with, as well as…），动词则与核心主语一致。</p>