<p class="ql-block">今天第三个景点是德丹遗址·艾尔奥拉.</p><p class="ql-block">德丹遗址游览票价: 60 SAR(2h).</p> <p class="ql-block">还是在winter park游客中心搭乘前往德丹遗址的大巴,排队上车.已经是第三次来这里了</p> <p class="ql-block">德丹游览中心有详细介绍德丹的历史概况</p><p class="ql-block"><b>Introduction to Dadan达丹简介</b></p><p class="ql-block">The ancient city of Dadan was a key location on the ancient incense trading routes and the capital of two major civilisations, the Dadanite and the Lihyanite Kingdoms. The city was occupied from at least the gin to the 1st centuries BCE, possibly earlier.</p><p class="ql-block">Dadan's economy was based on trade and agriculture, with plentiful water and fertile soil exploited to create a productive oasis in the desert. It was a city that was known to be open and welcoming to travellers.</p><p class="ql-block">达丹古城是位于古代熏香贸易路线上的关键位置,也是两个主要文明—达丹王国和利希亚尼特王国的首都。这座城市至少从公元8世纪到15世纪就被占领了,可能更早。</p><p class="ql-block">达旦的经济以贸易和农业为基础，利用丰富的水和肥沃的土壤在沙漠中创造了一个多产的绿洲。这是一个以开放和欢迎游客而闻名的城市。</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>The Ancient Heritage of the People of Dadan达丹人的古代遗产</b></p><p class="ql-block">Dadan was the capital of the Dadanite and Lihyanite Kingdoms.</p><p class="ql-block">There are several theories about the difference between the Dadanite and Lihyanite peoples. These may have been successive kingdoms,with the Lihyanites following the Dadanites. It has also been suggested that Dadan refers to the name of the place, and Lihyanite the name of the people, or that the names were interchangeable.</p><p class="ql-block">达旦是达旦尼特人和利哈希亚尼特人王国的首都。</p><p class="ql-block">关于达旦尼特人和利希亚尼特人之间的差异有几种理论。这些可能是利希亚尼特人继达旦尼特人之后的后续王国。也有人认为,“达旦"指的是那个地方的名字,“利希雅尼特"指的是那里的人名,或者这两个名字是可以互换的。</p> <p class="ql-block">A significant aspect of Lihyanite society was the high level of skill in architecture and sculpture, including carving rock-cut tombs. The most famous of these are the lion tombs'.</p><p class="ql-block">利希亚尼特人社会的一个重要方面是建筑和雕刻技术的高水平,包括砂岩开挖的墓穴雕刻。其中最著名的是狮子墓.</p> <p class="ql-block">Religion played a significant part in Lihyanite society and may have had a role in legislation and rule. The Lihyanites worshipped a number of gods, of which Dhu Ghaybah was their principal deity.</p><p class="ql-block">宗教在利希亚尼特社会中扮演了重要角色,并可能在立法和统治中发挥了作用。利希亚尼特人崇拜多位神祇,其中祖•盖巴(Dhu Ghaybah)是他们的主神.</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>The Art of Sculpture Carving in Dadan</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:18px;">大丹的雕刻艺术</b></p><p class="ql-block">The colossal statues found at Dadan measure up to 2.6 metres, about one-and-a-half times the size of a person.</p><p class="ql-block">They probably represent important individuals such as kings and priests. Statues of similar style have been found in contemporary Egypt and Mesopotamia.</p><p class="ql-block">在达丹<span style="font-size:18px;">发现的巨大雕像</span>的长度高达2.6米，大约是一个人的1.5倍。</p><p class="ql-block">他们可能代表着重要人物,如国王和牧师。在当代埃及和美索不达米亚也发现了类似风格的雕像。</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>The Capital of Dadan through</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>穿越时空的达旦都城</b></p><p class="ql-block">The site of Dadan was occupied from at least the 8 to the 1 century BCE, but possibly earlier. It was the capital of the Dadanite and Lihyanite Kingdoms, which flourished here.</p><p class="ql-block">Recent excavations have provided important evidence and shed new light on the history of this major oasis and the people who lived here, and their connections with the wider world through trade and exchange. There was a sophisticated level of political organisation and social development, an elaborate system of defence, and a central power with an important role in trade. This is unsurprising given its strategic position on the major north-south caravan route through Arabia.</p><p class="ql-block">达旦遗址至少从公元前8世纪到公元前1世纪就有人居住,甚至可能更早。它曾经繁荣昌盛,是达丹尼特和利希雅尼特王国的首都。</p><p class="ql-block">最近的发掘工作提供了重要的证据,并为这片主要绿洲的历史和生活在这里的人们,以及他们通过贸易和交流与更广阔世界的联系提供了新的线索。这里政治组织和社会发展水平很高,防御体系很复杂,在贸易中起着重要作用的中央权力。赋予它穿越阿拉伯半岛的主要南北商队路线上的战略地位,这并不奇怪。</p> <p class="ql-block">Dadan的坟墓</p><p class="ql-block">达旦有数百座坟墓,其中最显眼的是在遗址南面的岩石表面上凿出来的狮子墓。</p><p class="ql-block">他们的位置可能反映了埋葬者的社会地位。</p><p class="ql-block">大丹最著名的陵墓是两座“狮子墓”。</p><p class="ql-block">雕刻的狮子可能象征着强大的地位或力量,也可能是为了保护坟墓里的人。</p><p class="ql-block">其中一些坟墓可能属于公元前5世纪以后居住在达旦的米奈人社区成员,包括其中一座“狮子坟墓”</p> <p class="ql-block">Lion Tombs_Dadan (South)</p><p class="ql-block">狮子墓是利希亚尼特丧葬建筑和艺术的杰出代.</p><p class="ql-block">墓的设计和装饰为了解利希亚尼特人对来世的信仰提供了线索。狮子等保护性符号的存在表明,他们相信需要保护逝者在通往来世的旅程中免受侵害。</p> <p class="ql-block">Dadan and its People</p><p class="ql-block">The prosperity of Dadan was largely dependent on the practising of intensive agriculture and irrigation, and trade in the key commodities of frankincense, myrth and spices:</p><p class="ql-block">The Lihyanites, based in Dadan, played a key role in the movement of these goods across Arabia.</p><p class="ql-block">The Minaeans, whose capital was Ma'in in south Arabia, participated in the control of the caravan trade. There was a Minaean community based at Dadan and the two peoples seem to have lived in harmony. There are examples of inter-marriage recorded in Dadanite inscriptions</p> <p class="ql-block">达旦及其人民</p><p class="ql-block">达旦的繁荣在很大程度上依赖于集约化农业和灌溉的实践，以及乳香、月桂和香料等关键商品的贸易。</p><p class="ql-block">以达旦为基地的利海亚人在这些货物穿越阿拉伯的运输中发挥了关键作用。</p><p class="ql-block">米纳亚人的首都是南阿拉伯的马安，他们参与了对商队贸易的控制。在达旦有一个米奈人社区，这两个民族似乎和谐地生活在一起。达旦铭文中也有异族通婚的记</p> <p class="ql-block">狮子墓群</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>Lion Tombs狮子墓</b></p><p class="ql-block">这座墓因其入口两侧的两座大型狮子雕像而得名。这些雕塑直接雕刻在岩壁上,细节精美,展示了利希亚尼特人的艺术技巧。狮子在利希亚尼特文化中可能是权力、保护和王权的象征,它们在墓前的存在可能是为了守护逝者并驱赶邪灵.</p> <p class="ql-block">岩石切割建筑:狮子墓是岩石切割建筑的典型代表,这种建筑风格在古代阿拉伯文明中很常见,包括纳巴泰人和利希亚尼特人。这座墓雕刻在砂岩悬崖中,展示了先进的工程和石雕技术</p> <p class="ql-block"><b><u>The City of Dadan</u></b></p><p class="ql-block">Excavations at Dadan have focused on religious structures, revealing impressive architecture and monumental statues.</p><p class="ql-block">At the centre of the city was a large temple, dedicated to Dhu Ghaybah, the chief god of the Lihyanite Kingdom. Its scale and construction tell us that religion had a significant role in the kingdom.</p><p class="ql-block">Inscriptions indicate an active religious life, with worship based around offerings and pilgrimage.</p><p class="ql-block">The level of craftsmanship, in both buildings and artefacts such as incense burners and lamps, suggests the existence of a local stone-carving school.</p> <p class="ql-block"><b><u>City of Dadan达旦古城</u></b></p><p class="ql-block">达丹的发掘主要集中在宗教建筑上,揭示了令人印象深刻的建筑和不朽的雕像。</p><p class="ql-block">在城市的中心有一座巨大的神庙,供奉着利哈亚王国的主神”祖•盖巴”。</p><p class="ql-block">它的规模和结构告诉我们,宗教在这个王国扮演着重要的角色。铭文表明了活跃的宗教生活,以祭品和朝圣为基础的崇拜。</p><p class="ql-block">建筑和香炉、灯等文物的工艺水平表明当地石雕学校的存在。</p> <p class="ql-block">达旦遗址</p> <p class="ql-block">Early exploration of the Mahlab al-Nagah monumental basin</p><p class="ql-block">马拉博 埃尔纳噶大盆的早期勘探照片</p> <p class="ql-block"><b><u>The Basin大盆</u></b></p><p class="ql-block">A remarkeble feature is a huge circular basin carved from a single block of sandsione.</p><p class="ql-block">Known locally as "Mahlab al-Nagah' oi 'al-Hallawiyah', it could hold around 26 cubic metres of water and was probably used on religious occasions.</p><p class="ql-block">大盆</p><p class="ql-block">一个引人注目的特点是一个巨大的圆形盆,由一块砂岩雕刻而成。在当地被称为玛拉伯埃尔纳噶或玛拉维亚,它可以容纳大约26立方米的水,可能用于宗教场合.</p> <p class="ql-block">大盆</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>Jabal Ikmah伊克玛山谷</b></p><p class="ql-block">Inscribed in the International Register for the</p><p class="ql-block">UNESCO Memory of The World Programme</p><p class="ql-block">伊克玛山谷被联合国教科文组织列入《世界记忆名录》</p> <p class="ql-block">这山谷被壮观的沙漠景观所环绕,其岩石立面由金色的石头构成,经过长期的地质作用和风化侵蚀,形成了独特的峡谷地貌。</p> <p class="ql-block"><b>The Significance of Jabal Ikmah</b></p><p class="ql-block">Jabal kmah appears to have been a sacred place not only for the Lihyanites but also travellers who passed through AlUla. They were inspired to carve a record of their journeys, pilgrimages and offerings.</p><p class="ql-block">These inscriptions give us insights into the economic, political, religious and social lives of their authors. Many record offerings to the Lihyanite god, Dhu Ghaybah, and request protection for journeys ahead.</p><p class="ql-block">Most of the inscriptions are written in Dadanitic, whose alphabet was written from right to left, with 28 letter forms.</p><p class="ql-block">A vertical line or two dots placed on top of each other were used to separate words.</p> <p class="ql-block">伊克玛似乎不仅是利希亚妮特人的圣地，也是经过AIUla的旅行者的圣地。</p><p class="ql-block">他们将自己的旅程、朝圣和祭品记录下来。</p><p class="ql-block">这些碑文让我们得以了解其作者的经济、政治、宗教和社会生活。许多记录奉献给</p><p class="ql-block">利希亚妮特神祖·盖巴,并请求前方旅途的保护。</p><p class="ql-block">大部分碑文用达达尼文书写,其字母表从右向左书写,共有28个字母形式。</p><p class="ql-block">用一条竖线或两个点放在彼此的顶部来分隔单词。</p> <p class="ql-block">伊克玛山谷的峭壁上刻有大约5000处铭文,其中一些可以追溯到公元前6世纪,大多数铭文与德丹王国和利哈亚尼王国有关,这些铭文涉及经济和宗教文化，见证了阿拉伯语的发展。</p> <p class="ql-block">生动的岩画艺术：山谷的岩石上镌刻着千年前战争、朝圣、祭祀、畜牧等场景，人像、战车、竖琴、牛、骆驼、山羊等岩画栩栩如生，是研究古代阿拉伯半岛居民生活方式、信仰和文化的重要资料。</p> <p class="ql-block">铭文、字符、图画…</p> <p class="ql-block">“露天图书馆”美誉:因其丰富的岩石铭文和岩画,伊克玛山谷被誉为“露天图书馆”,并被联合国教科文组织列入《世界记忆名录》</p> <p class="ql-block">看这些字符</p> <p class="ql-block">电瓶车接送点,返回Winter Park游客中心</p> <p class="ql-block">夕阳西下,结束了德丹·埃尔奥拉之旅</p> <p class="ql-block">到了出口,有个雕刻小作坊,让大家进入用锤子在石上雕刻自己的名字,操作一通后还是没有雕刻出像样的东西.</p><p class="ql-block">看这棚四面的木板上都是阿拉伯文的字符吧.</p> <p class="ql-block">前往下个景点大象岩……</p>