2024-11-30_Hegra-AI Ula 黑格拉·埃尔奥拉1

jenny

今天第一个景点是黑格拉

黑格拉是艾尔奥拉(AlUla)沙特阿拉伯西北部的一个历史悠久的地区,以其壮丽的自然景观和丰富的文化遗产而闻名。

艾尔奥拉地区以其独特的岩石地貌、古老的遗址(如黑格拉Hegra)和自然奇观(如大象岩Jabal AlFil)而著称。

黑格拉景点必须经专门的导览公司引导才能进入参观,它是沙特的历史保护区

黑格拉(Hegra),也被称为 Al-Hir 或玛甸沙勒(Mad-a in Salih),是位于沙特阿拉伯•阿尔乌拉地区的一个古老考古遗址。它是纳巴泰王国(NabataeanKingdom)的重要城市,该王国在公元前1世纪至公元1世纪期间繁荣发展。

纳巴泰人以精湛的岩石切割建筑技术和在干旱环境中利用水资源的能力而闻名,黑格拉正是他们智慧和文化成就的见证.

这是从住宿到winter park沿途的风景,各种造型的砂岩山

埃尔奥拉是阿拉伯半岛的沙漠绿洲,拥有丰富的自然人文遗产.

埃尔奥拉·黑格拉Hegra是沙特阿拉伯首个被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录的景点.

赫格拉以其直接从砂岩悬崖上雕刻出的宏伟墓葬而闻名。已发现超过100座墓葬,许多墓葬的外立面装饰有精美的雕刻和铭文。其中最著名的墓葬是“孤独城堡”(Qasr al-Farid),它独立矗立,常被称为“孤独的宫殿”

这是winter park游客大巴站点,我们的小车也park在这里.

游览黑格拉景点票价:SAR 95.00(3h).

预订的是8:30到winter park中心,凭票搭乘接送大巴进入黑格拉保护区参观

从大巴上拍摄的景点

1.黑格拉景区介绍点.

内有咖啡店和食品、纪念品售卖

Hegra Tour Map 黑格拉游览图

1.visitor center游客中心

2.Jabal AlAhmar (红山)

3.Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza (Qas AlFarid)

(库扎之子利哈亚尼古墓)

4.Jabal AlBanat (Qasr AlBint)（جبل البنات，意为“少女山”）

5.Jabal Ithlib (立石山)

6.Handicraft Pavilion (工艺品馆)

Messages in the Rock 岩石中的信息

Inscriptions carved into the rock can be foundall around Hegra, but there is a particular concentration here. Over 100 inscriptions in various languages and from different time periods can be identified within Jabal Ithlib.

Some are messages left by locals and travellers in what was a sacred place. Many are thought to be graffit by soidiers who guarded the route to the nearby city of Dadan. Sixteen inscriptions include the expression "ntr ddn' meaning 'he protected Dadan'.

岩石中的信息

刻在岩石上的铭文在黑格拉周围随处可见,但这里的铭文特别集中。在Jabal Ithlib有可以辨认出的100多个不同语言和不同时期的铭文。

有些是当地人和旅行者在这个神圣的地方留下的信息。许多被认为是守卫通往附近城市达丹的路线的士兵涂鸦。十六个铭文包含了这个表达 “net don”,意思是“他保护了德丹”。

An Example Inscription from Hegra

来自黑格拉的铭文范例

1. S2b'rs 2 ??

2. son of Ima 伊玛之子

3. guarded Ddn 守卫德丹

A Sacred Place 圣地

This was a special place for the Nabataean people.

The Siq is a naturally-formed passage leading into a sacred area within the Jabai Ithlib outcrop. Within this area are inscriptions, shrines, altars and sarctuaries.

To the right of the passage is a rock-cut hall known as the Diwan, where Nabataeans gathered for ritual, feasing or political discussion. The Diwari has carved benches where guests would recline to eat, drink and pernaps listen ic niusic.

圣地

这对纳巴泰人来说是一个特殊的地方。

Siq入口通道,是一条自然形成的通道,通往Jabai Ithlib露头的神圣区域。在这个区内有碑刻、神龛、祭坛和佛龛。

通道的右边是一个被称为会议室的岩石切割大厅,纳巴泰人聚集在这里举行仪式、娱乐或政治讨论的场所。排瓦里有雕刻的长凳，客人可以躺在那里吃饭、喝酒，或者听音乐.

5.立石山(一线天)The Siq at Jabal Ithlib

Jabal Ithlib 通道

这通道的右边是一个被称为会议室的岩石切割大厅,纳巴泰人聚集在这里举行仪式、娱乐或政治讨论的场所。排瓦里有雕刻的长凳，客人可以躺在那里吃饭、喝酒，或者听音乐.

这山体上的古代纳巴泰人图案和文字

各种造型的建筑结构

墙上有字画图形

Sacred Stones神圣的石头

The simple blocks carved into the sandstone rock race are called baetyls or sacred stones. They symbolise the deities the Nabataeans worshipped. Some are permanently carved into the rock, while others may have been portable.

神圣的石头

雕刻在砂岩石上的简单石块被称为baetyls或圣石.它们象征着纳巴泰人崇拜的神灵.有些是永久刻在岩石上的,而另一些可能是便携式的。

What to Look Out For要注意什么

Look out for symbols on the tomb facades: many show influences from societies with which the Nabataeans traded. These include eagles, sphinxes, masks and snakes and other symbols such as urns and rosettes.

要注意什么

留意墓正面的标志:许多标志显示了纳巴泰人与之交易的社会的影响。这些包括鹰、狮身人面像、面具、蛇和其他符号，如瓮和玫瑰花结

4.Jabal AI Banat 埃尔巴纳特山(少女山),是黑格拉最大的古墓群

狮身人面像,面具

Nabataean Kingdom (Hegra)纳巴泰王国(黑格拉)

狮身人面像、瓮

其他符号

Nabataeans on the Ancient Trade Route

古代贸易路线上的纳巴泰人

Nabataean society flourished here from the middie of the 15 century BCE until the 2nd century CE.

Hegra was a key city on the ancient trade route along which incense, spices and other valuable commodities were transported from southern Arabia to Mediterranean ports for shipping onwards, as well as continuing overland to Mesopotamia. Taxation on this trade provided income for the city, enabling it to prosper.

古代贸易路线上的纳巴泰人

从公元前15世纪中期到公元2世纪,纳巴泰社会在这里蓬勃发展。

Hegra是古代贸易路线上的一个重要城市,沿着这条路线,熏香、香料和其他有价值的商品从阿拉伯南部运往地中海港口,然后继续通过陆路运往美索不达米亚。这种贸易的税收为城市提供了收入,使其繁荣

这是鹰

其他符号,玫瑰花结

狮身人面像、蛇、面具

每座墓葬的门楣都被精巧的雕刻、装饰

这些墓穴中都是空的,没有如何东西

The Tombs at Hegra黑格拉的坟墓

Over 100 monumental tombs are carved into the outcrops surrounding the ancient city of Hegra. They were built to hold the remains of families or groups, whose status is reflected in the size and level of decoration of the tombs.Higher up the mountains are simpler pit graves where people of lower social status were probably buried.

The number and range of preserved tomb inscriptions at Hegra is unique. Many tombs feature inscriptions that record who commissioned them and when, and sometimes the craftsperson responsible for carving them.

黑格拉的坟墓

在赫格拉古城周围的岩石露头上雕刻着100多座巨大的坟墓。它们是用来存放家庭或团体的遗体的,其地位反映在坟墓的大小和装饰水平上。更高的山是更简单的坑墓,那里可能埋葬着社会地位较低的人。

赫格拉保存的墓葬铭文的数量和范围都是独一无二的。许多墓葬都有铭文,记录了是谁在什么时候委托制作的,有时还记录了负责雕刻的工匠。

Nabataeans and Water纳巴泰人和水

The Nabataeans were skilled at harnessing natural water resources. At Hegra, they tapped into underground reserves of water, but also devised systems of channels and cisterns for directing and storing rainwater.

Other ancient peoples knew of Nabataean knowledge and mastery of water resources in the desert, and would seek their aid in crossing these arid regions.

Their reputation for skilled water management could explain their name. 'Nabataean' has been linked to the Arabic word Nabatu, meaning water which springs from the well'.

纳巴泰人和水

纳巴泰人善于利用自然水资源。在Hegra，他们利用地下储水,但也设计了管道和蓄水池系统来引导和储存雨水。

其他古代人知道納巴泰人在沙漠中的知沢

和对水资源的掌握,并在穿越这些干旱地区时寻求他们的帮助。

他们在熟练的水资源管理方面的声誉可以解释他们的名字。“Nabataean"与阿拉伯语Nabatu有关，意思是”从井里流出的水".

How were the Tombs Created?古墓是如何形成的？

Once the site for a tomo had been selected,it was carved fron the top down without the use

of scaffolding: Simpie chisels, hammers and picks were the oniy equipment used.

古墓是如何形成的？

一旦选定了建造的灰岩洞地点,它被从头到尾雕刻,没有使用过脚手架：简单的凿子、锤子和镐是唯一使用的设备。

3.这是库扎之子利哈亚尼古墓Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza

也被称为“孤独城堡”(Qasr al-Farid),它独立矗立,亦常被称为“孤独的宫殿”

Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza (Qasr AlFarid) - Hegra's Most Iconic Tomb库扎之子Lihyan之墓(Qasr AIFarid)-Hegra最具标志性的坟墓

Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza, also known as Gasr AlFarid.is carved into its own separate sandstone outcrop: It must have belonged to a very important Nabataean individual or family.

The lowest part of the tomb is unfinished, but if it had been completed it would have been the largest façade at Hegra.It also has uniqus features, such as four Mabaiaean columns, instead of the usual two.

库扎之子Lihyan之墓(Qasr AIFarid)-Hegra最具标志性的坟墓

库扎之子Lihyan之墓,也被称为Gasr Al Farid。被雕刻在单独的砂岩露头上：

它一定属于一个非常重要的纳巴泰人或家族。

坟墓的低部分尚未完成,但如果它已经完成,那么它将是黑格拉具有最大的外立面的坟墓,它也最独特,如用四根马拜雅柱,而不是通常的两个。

2.Jabal AlAhmar (红山)

**What was Hegra Like???

The best ra residential area of Hegra was fooaled the message of this city overlooked by pavecrop Cids can

Arrogaoing is a excavations show it involved melted pleated market and workshop encouraged onekicked.

At the centre of the city was a large sacred enclosure surrounding a temple. On top of this was a white samosa monument which formed Nrion formed a spectacular landmark.”iaba aera in secretion ” instruction suggest that it was deplaceing the “God is the Sky”.

Who live here now?现在谁住在这里？

Although people no longer live here, this placecape is still innebited. Can you spot any siquas and a temple and a footprints in the sand insertions or even skins shed by snakes.

现在谁住在这里？

虽然人们不再住在这里，但这个地方仍然有人居住。你能发现石窟和神庙吗，还有沙滩上的脚印，甚至是蛇的皮。

人脸岩又称亲吻岩.

外面的这个人好像在亲吻里面的那个人

Reading the Landscape 解读景观

Hegra is built on a large plain surrounded by mountains.

The sandstone formations on the plain are the weathered remains of stone layers which formed between 510 and 475 million years ago. Weatharing and erosion have created the most remarkable natural sculptures, and these processes continue to change their appearance today).

The Nabataeans chose to carve their tombs into these formations, and the leftover stone was used as building materiel within their settlements.

黑格拉建在群山环绕的大平原上。

平原上的砂岩地层是5.1亿至4.75亿年前形成的石层的风化遗迹。风化和侵蚀创造了最引人注目的自然雕塑,这些过程继续改变着它们今天的外观。

纳巴泰人选择把他们的坟墓雕刻成这些形状,剩下的石头被用作他们定居点的建筑材料。