<p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">妆\容</span></p><p class="ql-block">Beautification </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);"> 古希腊凡人女性对美的关注丝毫不逊于神衹,这种充满魅力与生命力的感官吸引本就根植于女性的本质。而为了加强这种美的吸引力,古希腊女性会使用化妆品来提升自己的外貌。有时"交际花"们为了引人注目,会在脸上涂抹过量的化妆品,甚至因此常常成为喜剧诗人戏谑的对象。尽管我们在古典时期到拜占庭时期的史料中,都可以看到社会对女性沉迷化妆品的强烈反对,但化妆品仍然是女性不可或缺的伴侣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">她用油膏抹完柔美的肌肤,又梳理她那美丽的长发,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">用手把它们编成</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">闪亮的发辫,从不朽的头上动人地垂下。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">然后她穿上精美的长袍,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">那是雅典娜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">为她缝制,巧饰着许多艳丽的花彩,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">她用黄金扣针在胸前把长袍扣好。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">她再把一条垂有百条穗子的腰带</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">系在腰间,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">又把三坠暗红耳环挂在柔软的耳垂眼里,光灿动人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">女神中的女神又在头上扎了一块精致的闪亮头巾,辉耀如同白日,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">最后把精美的绳鞋系到光亮的脚上。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">荷马,《伊利亚特》第十四卷(罗念生译)</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">尼克塞诺斯画师风格的阿提卡黑底红画陶罐</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Attic red - figure pelike , in the manner of the Painter of Nikoxenos </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">来自埃伊那岛 陶罐一侧描绘了一位裸体女子,她左手拿着梳子,正在一个有约公元前500年 喷泉的门廊下沐浴。陶罐另一侧则描绘了一名潜伏中的重装步兵。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> From Aegina island On one side , a nude woman , holding a comb In her left hand , is bathing in a </p><p class="ql-block"> Ca .500 B . C . fountain porch . On the other side a hoplite is lurking .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 1425</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">黑底红画双柄浅杯 Red - figure kylix </span></p><p class="ql-block">来自希腊中部的维奥蒂亚公元前500一前490年 From Boeotia , Central Greece </p><p class="ql-block">500-490 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAMA 1409</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">杯内底部描绘了一个年轻的裸体戴冠男子,他正用一个放在他大腿上的大盆洗手,盆的另一边则搭在一堵看不见的墙上。这些用于个人清洁的便携器皿常常与年轻人在竞技场的生活联系在一起。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">金质微型带盖双耳罐</span></p><p class="ql-block">Gold amphoriskos with lid </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛</p><p class="ql-block">这件小巧器皿的瓶身由上下两部分黄金薄片拼接而成。底部有三个刻线同心圆装饰,提手周围则装饰着浮雕花朵。</p><p class="ql-block">迈锡尼"墓圈 A "3号竖井墓</p><p class="ql-block">公元前16世纪</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">其精细的制造和精美的装饰体现了工匠在金银细工方面娴熟的工艺、经验和知识,据推测由米诺斯文明时期的工匠所制,可能用于存放一些贵重的化妆品。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Grave Circle A , shaft grave III </p><p class="ql-block"> Mycenae , Peloponnese 16th century B . C .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">微型化妆盒形金吊坠</span></p><p class="ql-block">Gold pendant in the form o </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛的登德拉</p><p class="ql-block">公元前14世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Dendra , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">14th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block">Н N АМП7350吊坠</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> m of a small pyxis </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">这只精美的微型化妆盒曾属于一位迈锡尼贵族女性。在盒中发现了疑似化妆品或药品的物质残留,经推测为某种香水或面部化妆品。若用链子穿过悬挂孔,既可以使其变成吊坠,又能同时封住盖子,以防其中所盛的珍贵之物意外洒出。 </span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">金"耳勺</span></p><p class="ql-block">Gold " ear - pick "</p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛的登德拉</p><p class="ql-block">公元前15﹣前14世纪</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">9在迈锡尼贵族的化妆品套装中,"耳勺"是最为奢侈精致的工具。这件金"耳勺"很可能被用于少量挖取、混合或涂抹化妆品。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">一组黑底红画带盖化妆盒 Red - figure pyxides with lids </span></p><p class="ql-block">来自雅典</p><p class="ql-block">公元前410﹣前400年</p><p class="ql-block"> Athens </p><p class="ql-block">410-400 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 13676 a , HNAM A 13676β</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">较大的化妆盒上描绘了女性生活的区域,较小的化妆盒上则描绘一些动物图案,盒盖上绘有三名女子的头像。这些化妆盒内装有用于美白肌肤的铅白粉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">大理石化妆盒</span></p><p class="ql-block">Marble pyxis </p><p class="ql-block">来源未知</p><p class="ql-block">公元前430年</p><p class="ql-block"> Unknown provenance </p><p class="ql-block">430 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 2381</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">这只带有底座的化妆盒属于古典时代最精致的一类大理石容器。这类容器主要用来盛放珠宝或化妆品,其精致的造型可能受到了木制原型的启发。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> This marble pyxis with pedestaled foot belongs to the most elaborate </p><p class="ql-block"> category of classical marble vessels . These vessels served primarily </p><p class="ql-block"> as containers for jewellery or cosmetics and their elaborate shapes </p><p class="ql-block"> were probably inspired by wooden prototypes .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">黑底红画细颈有柄油瓶 Red - figure lekythos </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">来自阿提卡地区的维拉尼德扎公元前470一前460年</span></p><p class="ql-block"> From Velanideza , Attica </p><p class="ql-block">470-460 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 1624</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">瓶身绘有一位端坐着的衣着华贵的年轻女子,她对着镜子,正在熟练地整理发带,为自己打造更加迷人的外表。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">阿尔戈斯作坊的青铜镜</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Bronze mirror from argive workshop </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">来源未知 此青铜镜的镜柄为一个女性形象,下方连接在一个圆形底座上。</span></p><p class="ql-block">公元前460一前450年 </p><p class="ql-block">镜面边缘环绕着玫瑰和动物形装饰。镜柄上,</p><p class="ql-block"> Unknown provenance 两个带翅膀的爱神环绕着下方中央的女子。</p><p class="ql-block">460-450B. C . The handle of the mirror is in the form of a woman resting on a </p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM X7579 circular base . Rosettes and animals adorn the mirror disk </p><p class="ql-block"> poriphery . The female figure is surrounded by two winged Eros .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);"> 镜子是女性妆台上不可或缺的日常用品,在古希腊时期由工艺精湛的青铜作坊生产。在公元前6世纪和5世纪,有两种类型的镜子广泛流行:一种拥有一个长扁平手柄,通常装饰有刻纹或浮障,另一种有一个较细的手柄、通常由木材或象牙覆盖。手柄上端装饰有棕叶饰和涡卷饰、狮身人面像、塞壬或胜利女神(尼姬)的形象。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">由女性雕像作为镜面支撑或手柄的铜镜似乎是在古风时期由拉科尼亚的工匠设计出来的,但在公元前5世纪才由不同的作坊生产并被广泛使用。在古典时期,一个身着厚重长袍(佩普洛斯)的女性雕像支撑着圆盘。小爱神厄洛斯的形象常常在身着佩普洛斯的女性雕像上方盘旋,而圆盘的边缘有时装饰着花朵间的各种鸟类和动物的形象。 </span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">半裸的阿佛洛狄忒小陶像</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Terracotta figurine of semi - nude </p><p class="ql-block">来自今埃维亚岛的埃雷特里亚</p><p class="ql-block">公元前3世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Eretria , Euboea island </p><p class="ql-block">3rd century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 4137</p> <p class="ql-block"> phrodite </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">阿佛洛狄忒坐在岩石上,手持折叠镜。披肩(希玛纯)覆盖了她的下半身。这尊陶像呈现了爱与美的女神在审视镀金镜子中自己的样貌后,目光移开的一瞬间。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">青铜折叠镜</span></p><p class="ql-block">Bronze folding mirror </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">来自今埃维亚岛的埃雷特里亚公元前380一前370年 From Eretria , Euboea island 380-370 B . C .</span></p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM X 7417+7418</p> <p class="ql-block">镜子有两个盖子,每个盖子上都饰有浮雕,分别描绘了<span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">骑在马上和天鹅上的阿佛洛狄忒。古镜上经常装饰着与</span><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">阿佛洛狄忒相关的主题。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> The mirror has two covers , each one adorned with a relief </p><p class="ql-block"> depiction of Aphrodite , seated on a horse and a swan respectively .</p><p class="ql-block"> Themes relevant to Aphrodite often decorate ancient mirrors .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">在公元前5世纪末和公元前4世纪初,折叠镜诞生了。</span><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">在公元前4世纪和公元前3世纪,大量的折叠镜被生产出来。折叠镜的镜面通常有一个盖子保护、更罕见的甚至有两个。使用者通过盖子上的圆环提起铜镜,从镜面闪亮的反光中看到自己的倒影。在盖子的外侧,偶尔在内侧,有浮雕或刻纹装饰,装饰主题通常是神话场景或神灵,其中最常见的是酒神狄俄尼索斯和阿里阿德涅(神圣的一对)或者阿佛洛狄忒和厄洛斯,也有发型精致、珠环翠绕的女性头像。有时在镜子边缘的有一个手柄,当镜子不用的时候可以用来悬挂。考古发现,古希腊时期镜子既作为随葬品,也作为圣所中的贡品。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">青铜折叠镜</span></p><p class="ql-block">Bronze folding mirror </p><p class="ql-block">来源未知</p><p class="ql-block">约公元前260年</p><p class="ql-block"> Unknown provenance </p><p class="ql-block"> Ca .260 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM X 16366</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">表面抛光的镜盖上是一位发型精致、佩戴珠宝的女性头像,呼应着使用铜镜的女性的美貌。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> A female bust with elaborate hairstyle and jewels adorns the cover of the </p><p class="ql-block"> polished surface which mirrors the female beauty .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">玻璃和条纹雪花石芳香油瓶</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Alabastrons of glass and alabaster </p><p class="ql-block">分别来自雅典、埃雷特里亚以及未知地点</p><p class="ql-block">公元前4世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Athens , Eretria and of unknown provenance respectively </p><p class="ql-block">4th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 17343, HNAM A 12189, HNAM A 15005</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"> 这些装有没药(芳香油)的容器最早出现在古风时代。除了陶土外,人们也会用更贵重的材料制作这样的容器,以便保存对环境条件非常敏感 的芳香油。将其中的内容物涂抹于男性身体,可使其免受晒伤以及其他外伤。 </span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">红底黑画细颈有柄油瓶 </span></p><p class="ql-block">Black - figure lekythos </p><p class="ql-block">来自希腊中部的维奥蒂亚公元前500一前490年</p><p class="ql-block"> From Boeotia , Central Greece </p><p class="ql-block">500-490 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 12271</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">瓶口上引人注目的铭文" HIPINON "(.音:伊皮农)说明了它的用途,即用于保存一种在古代广泛流传、香味持久且易于制备的香料。这种香料也被用来入药。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block">阿提卡黑底红画芳香油瓶 Attic red - figure alabastron </p><p class="ql-block">来自雅典</p><p class="ql-block">公元前470﹣前460年</p><p class="ql-block"> From Athens </p><p class="ql-block">470-460 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM B Σ27</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">瓶身装饰分为四部分,描绘了女性世界。上方的女子分别身着长裙(希顿),披着披肩(希玛纯),其中一位手持镜子。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">下方的其中一位女子手持火炬,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">另一位是胜利女神,她正朝右走去。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">阿提卡黑底红画芳香油瓶</span></p><p class="ql-block">Attic red - figure alabastron </p><p class="ql-block">来自阿提卡地区</p><p class="ql-block">公元前470一前460年</p><p class="ql-block"> From Attica </p><p class="ql-block">470-460 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM BE 24</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">瓶身描绘了住宅中女性区域的景象。两位女子穿着传统长裙(希顿),披着披肩(希玛纯),且头戴发饰。左边的女子举起镜子,右边的女子拿着芳香油瓶。两人之间放着一个装满羊毛的篮子,画面右侧有一棵棕榈树。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"> A depiction of Gynaeceum ( women ' s quarters ). A pair of women dressed in chiton , himation , and a headdress . The one on the left raises a mirror while the other on the t olds an alabastron . Between them a wool - basket full of wool , and on the far right edge of the scene is a palm tree .*</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">带细棍的金色圆柱形盒子</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Golden cylindrical case with a spathe </p><p class="ql-block">来源未知</p><p class="ql-block">罗马时期</p><p class="ql-block"> Unknown provenance </p><p class="ql-block"> Roman period </p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM Xp .96</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">黑底红画细颈有柄长油瓶</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Red - figure lekythos </p><p class="ql-block">来自雅典 瓶子的用途在瓶身图案中显而易见。端坐的雅典女子一只手拿着芳香</p><p class="ql-block">公元前470一前460年 油瓶,另一只手拿着一根细棍将没药(芳香油)涂抹在身上。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">带有水晶头的青铜别衣针</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Bronze pin with a rock - crystal head </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,迈锡尼的"墓圈 A "</p><p class="ql-block">公元前16世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Grave Circle A , Mycenae , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">16th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM n 102</p><p class="ql-block">这种类型的别衣针由早期迈锡尼精英所使用,可能在特殊场合佩戴。</p><p class="ql-block"> Dress pins of this type were used by the first generations of Mycenaean elite and were probably worn on special occasions .</p> <p class="ql-block">金质图章戒指</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Gold signet ring </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,登德拉的第10号室墓</p><p class="ql-block">公元前14世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From chamber tomb 10 at Dendra , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">14th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM n 8746</p><p class="ql-block">戒面呈现了一个宗教场景:衣着华丽的女祭司或信徒正在走向顶部饰有献祭之角的神殿。戒圈非常窄小,即使是纤细的女性手指也难以戴上,因此这件珠宝可能是作为吊坠来悬挂佩戴的。 The bezel of the ring is decorated with a cult scene involving priestesses or worshipers in rich attire approaching a shrine topped with horns of consecration . The ring is very narrow , even for a slim female finger , so the jewel may have been worn suspended , as a pendant .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">捧盒女子形金吊坠</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Gold pendant in the shape of a woman holding a box </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,迈锡尼的"墓圈</p><p class="ql-block">公元前14世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Crave Circle A , Mycenae , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">14th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM n 2946</p><p class="ql-block">尽管这件饰品很小,但艺术家仍精心刻画出了女子的头饰和她背后的长辫子。</p><p class="ql-block"> Despite the miniature scale of the ornament , the artist attributed the lady ' s diadem and her long braid do the back .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">带着婴幼儿的女子陶像(儿童养育者)</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Female figurine with baby and infant ( kourotrophos )</p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,迈锡尼的某座室墓</p><p class="ql-block">公元前14世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From a chamber tomb at Mycenae , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">14th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM n 2493</p><p class="ql-block">此陶像身着长袖外衣,头戴头巾,辫发,体现了典型的迈锡尼女性服饰。女子怀里的婴儿被某种遮阳物或伞状物保护着。</p><p class="ql-block"> The long - sleeved tunic , the head cover and the braided hair of the figurine form the typical Mycenaean female attire . The infant on the woman ' s back is protected by a kind of shade or umbrella .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">壁画残片</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Fragments of a wall painting </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,梯林斯卫城</p><p class="ql-block">公元前13世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Tiryns acropolis , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">13th century B . G .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM 15878, HNAM 15884</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">在右边的大壁画中,身着长袍的男女乘坐在战车上,他们皮肤白皙、发型精致,再现了考究的迈锡尼宫廷世界。而在左边的小壁画中,身着短袍的猎人正手持长矛前进。这些壁画残片来自一幅装饰在梯林斯王宫里的狩猎场景主题壁画,该场景中还包含战车、狗、野猪、鹿和自然景观等元素。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">希腊考古学者,根据残片,复原了原图。是用了许多功夫的。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">青铜镜</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span> Bronze mirror </p><p class="ql-block">科林斯作坊作品,来源未知</p><p class="ql-block">公元前450一前425年</p><p class="ql-block"> From corinthian workshop , unknown provenance </p><p class="ql-block">450-425B. C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM X 7575</p><p class="ql-block">镜柄的造型为一位穿着厚重外袍(佩普洛斯)的女人,她伫立在一个圆形底座上。镜面</p><p class="ql-block">的边缘环绕着鸟类和玫瑰形装饰。</p><p class="ql-block"> The mirror disc has a handle in the form of a woman wearing a heavy tunic ( peplos ) and resting on a circular base . The periphery of the disk is adorned with birds and a rosette .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">阿提卡黑底红画双耳罐</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Attic red - figure amphora </p><p class="ql-block">来源不详</p><p class="ql-block">公元前400一前390年</p><p class="ql-block"> Unknown provenance </p><p class="ql-block">400-390B. C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 15113</p><p class="ql-block">罐身主体描绘的是神话中的女英雄阿塔兰忒,她身着装饰华丽的短裙(短希顿),佩戴臂环和耳环,头冠点缀着她束起的发髻。她周围有四个年轻人,其中两个着旅人装束。 The mythical heroine Atalante wears a richly decorated short chiton , armlets , earrings , and a diadem which adorns her knotted hair . Around her four youths , two of them in travel attire .</p> <p class="ql-block">不同角度,图案不同。</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">维奥蒂亚扁平身体的小陶像</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Terracotta Boeotian flat - bodied figurine </p><p class="ql-block">来自希腊中部,维奥蒂亚的塔纳格拉</p><p class="ql-block">公元前575一前550年</p><p class="ql-block"> From Tanagra , Boeotia , Central Greece </p><p class="ql-block">575-550 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 4009</p><p class="ql-block">此陶像身着华丽的服饰,佩戴着石榴形吊坠项链,头戴高耸的头饰,是希腊早期表现女性妩媚风姿的塑像。</p><p class="ql-block"> With ornate garments , necklaces bearing pomegranate pendants , and tall headdresses , the figurine is early expression of female coquetry .</p><p class="ql-block">女性小陶像</p><p class="ql-block">1</p> <p class="ql-block">2.</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">女性小陶像</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Terracotta female figurine </p><p class="ql-block">来自希腊中部,维奥蒂亚的塔纳格拉</p><p class="ql-block">公元前260一前190年</p><p class="ql-block"> From Tanagra , Boeotia , Central Greece </p><p class="ql-block">260-190 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 4589</p><p class="ql-block">少女端庄地用长裙(希顿)和披肩(希玛纯)裹紧自己的身体,画笔细致地描绘了她的容貌,她一头红发,佩戴着圆形耳环,头戴一顶用于遮阳的托利亚式檐帽。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block">1</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">浮雕装饰金盘</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Gold discs with embossed decoration </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,迈锡尼的"墓圈 A "</p><p class="ql-block">公元前16世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Grave Circle A , Mycenae , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">16th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM Π4, HNAM Π8, HNAM П9, HNAM П13, HNAM П14, HNAM n 20</p><p class="ql-block">正如这些雕刻着与生命循环相关纹饰的随葬珍宝所体现的,早期迈锡尼统治者最喜欢的材料就是闪闪发光的黄金,不论生前或死后,这些黄金始终陪伴着他们。</p> <p class="ql-block">2</p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">包金骨扣</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Bone buttons covered with gold plate </p><p class="ql-block">来自迈锡尼的"墓圈 A "</p><p class="ql-block">公元前16世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Grave Circle A , Mycenae </p><p class="ql-block">16th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM EAM n 675, HNAM n 679, HNAM ∩336</p><p class="ql-block"> Back and side view of the bone buttons </p><p class="ql-block">骨扣背面及侧面图</p><p class="ql-block">迈锡尼时代,男性和女性都会使用各种服饰配件,如金属腰带、扣环、别衣针、扣针,</p><p class="ql-block">以及由各种材料制成的纽扣。</p><p class="ql-block"> In Mycenaean times men and women used a variety of accessories for their garments , such as metal belts , buckles , pins and fibulae , as well as buttons made of various materials .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">右脚凉鞋陶模</span></p><p class="ql-block">Clay model of a right sandaled foot </p><p class="ql-block">来自克里特岛</p><p class="ql-block">公元前575一前550年</p><p class="ql-block"> From Crete island </p><p class="ql-block">575-550 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> MA 2</p><p class="ql-block">这是一只穿着华丽皮凉鞋的女性脚部的模型,鞋带上装饰着棕榈叶。</p><p class="ql-block"> Model of a female foot with a luxurious leather sandal , whose strap is decorated with a palmette .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">陶瓶</span></p><p class="ql-block">Clay vases </p><p class="ql-block">来自希腊中部的维奥蒂亚</p><p class="ql-block">公元前575一前550年 From Boeotia Central Greece </p><p class="ql-block">575-550 B . C . HNAM A 2062, HNAM A 2063</p><p class="ql-block">这对芳香油瓶的形状是女性穿着凉鞋的脚。人们将珍贵的芳香油储存在这些形状各异的</p><p class="ql-block">精美瓶子之中,为身体增添独特的气息。</p><p class="ql-block"> Unguentaria in the shape of a female sandal - bearing foot . In these elaborate vases , appearing in various forms , delicate aromatic oils were stored , which provided the body with a distinctive identity .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">鞋形陶制来通杯</span></p><p class="ql-block">Clay rhyton in the shape of a shoe </p><p class="ql-block">来自阿提卡的格拉夫达</p><p class="ql-block">公元前14世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From Glyphada , Attica </p><p class="ql-block">14th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM r 8557</p><p class="ql-block">这只罕见而独特的鞋形陶制来通杯(一种用两个孔使液体分别进出的容器)模仿了西安纳托利亚风格满帮鞋的形状,鞋尖翘起。它最终被作为随葬品埋藏,证明其具有礼器用途。 This rare and individualistic rhyton ( a vessel with two holes for in - and out - flowing ) reproduces the shape of a closed shoe of Western Anatolian type with a raised tip . It was ultimately deposited as a funerary offering and had evidently ritual use .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">青铜别衣针</span></p><p class="ql-block">2</p><p class="ql-block"> Bronze pins </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,阿尔戈斯城的赫拉圣地</p><p class="ql-block">公元前9﹣前8世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> From the sanctuary of Hera at Argos , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block">9th-8th centuries B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM X 20728/3,11,4,13</p><p class="ql-block">别衣针不仅是装饰品,还可用于将衣服系在肩膀上,或用于悬挂项链。在圣所中,它们是献给神灵的供品,或用于固定神像的衣物。在墓葬中,它们则可能用于固定裹尸布。 Used for fastening garments on the shoulders or for suspending necklaces , along with their decorative character . In sanctuaries , they were gifts to the deities or fastened the garments of cult statues . In burials , they might have fastened the shroud .</p> <p class="ql-block">"8"形青铜胸针</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Bronze eight - shaped brooch </p><p class="ql-block">来自希腊中部、</p><p class="ql-block">马格尼西亚地区古菲赖的宙斯.陶利俄斯和阿耳弥斯.埃诺迪亚圣地</p><p class="ql-block">公元前8世纪晚期</p><p class="ql-block"> From the sanctuary of Zeus Thaulios and Artemis Enodia at ancient Pherai , Mag </p><p class="ql-block"> nesia </p><p class="ql-block"> Central Greece </p><p class="ql-block"> Late 8th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM X 15872.1</p><p class="ql-block">胸针是一种实用的配饰,用于固定服装或连接头饰和头巾的边缘。</p><p class="ql-block"> Brooches were utilitarian pieces of jewellery used as dress fasteners or to joining the edges of diadems and head coverings </p><p class="ql-block">六枚</p><p class="ql-block">1</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">四螺旋青铜胸针(扣针)</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">2</p><p class="ql-block"> Bronze brooch ( fibula ) with quadruple spiral </p><p class="ql-block">来源未知</p><p class="ql-block">公元前9一前8世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> Unknown provenance </p><p class="ql-block">9th-8th centuries B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM X 8197</p><p class="ql-block">这是一种特别的服装配饰,螺旋形状是原始的太阳象征。 An impressing garment jewel with spirals forming a primordial solar symbolism .</p><p class="ql-block">(扣针)</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">黄金胸针(扣针)</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Gold brooches </p><p class="ql-block">来源未知</p><p class="ql-block">公元前5一前4世纪</p><p class="ql-block"> Unknown provenance </p><p class="ql-block">5th-4th centuries B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM ∑ T 259a, HNAM ∑ T 2593, HNAM ∑ T 259y, HNAM ∑ T 2596</p><p class="ql-block">这是一种运用黄金造粒和锤操工艺制作的首饰,其拱形茎上饰有双锥形珠和小球体,末</p><p class="ql-block">端饰有狮头浮雕和飞马头状装饰。</p><p class="ql-block"> Granular and hammered decoration with biconical beads and globules on the arched stems . At endings , an embossed head of lion skin and a Pegasos bust .</p><p class="ql-block">1</p> <p class="ql-block">六枚弓形胸针(扣针)</p><p class="ql-block">Six bow brooches ( fibulae )</p><p class="ql-block">来自阿提的阿纳维索斯(金和银)</p><p class="ql-block">和达迪一弗西奥蒂斯的古代的阿姆菲克利亚(青铜)</p><p class="ql-block">公元前8世纪一前7世纪初 From Anavyssos , Attica ( gold and silver )</p><p class="ql-block"> and ancient Amfiklia , Dadi Phthiotis ( bronze )</p><p class="ql-block">8th- early 7th centurise B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM Xp .1515, HNAM Xp .1514, HNAM X 16465, HNAM Xp .1516, HNAM Xp .1513, HNAM Xp .1524</p><p class="ql-block">在这些胸针的扣板上,刻有几何图案、"2"字、鸟或蝎子。</p><p class="ql-block"> The catch - plate engraved geometric motifs , a swastika , a bird or a scorpion .</p><p class="ql-block">3</p> <p class="ql-block">阿提卡黑底红画双柄浅杯残片</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> Fragment of an attic red - figure kylix </p><p class="ql-block">来自雅典的克拉米科斯</p><p class="ql-block">约公元前410年</p><p class="ql-block"> Kerameikos , Athens </p><p class="ql-block"> Ca .410 B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM A 20185</p><p class="ql-block">末</p><p class="ql-block">画面中,提莫克里特正准备把长裙(希顿)系在肩上。可以看到,她腿部的衣服上别</p><p class="ql-block">着扣针。</p><p class="ql-block"> ts </p><p class="ql-block"> A lady called Timokrite prepares to fasten her chiton on her shoulder . The brooch can be seen pinned to the garment on her legs .</p><p class="ql-block">2</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">以下五张照片,是拍照的视频资料。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"> 这尊男性雕塑披着一件覆盖背部的披肩(希玛纯),是为数不多的穿着衣服的库罗斯(男青年)形象之一。这种雕塑在希腊东部,尤其是爱奥尼亚地区很常见,这件作品也受到了该地区文化的影响。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> The male figure , who wears a himation covering his back , is one of the few dressed kouroi . Most of them were common in east Greece , especially lonia , by which the present piece is influenced .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">大理石库罗斯(男青年)</span></p><p class="ql-block">Marble torso of a kouros </p><p class="ql-block">发现于雅典伊利斯索斯河的河床</p><p class="ql-block">公元前5世纪初</p><p class="ql-block"> Found in the bed of the llissos river , Athens </p><p class="ql-block"> Early 5th century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block">Н N АМГ3687</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(237, 35, 8);">带有浮雕装饰的女神德斯波伊娜(珀耳塞福涅别称)大理石雕像所披披肩(希玛纯)局部</span></p><p class="ql-block"> Part of the marble himation of Despoina with relief decoration </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,阿卡迪亚地区莱科索拉的"大女神"</span></p><p class="ql-block">这件雕塑模仿了考究的提花或刺绣织物,条状下摆顺次装饰着神话人物和动物的形象。披肩上部的饰边主要描绘了一组海洋神话人物。</p><p class="ql-block">德墨忒耳和德斯波伊娜(珀耳塞福涅)神庙</p><p class="ql-block">公元前2世纪初</p><p class="ql-block"> From the temple of the Great Goddesses ,</p><p class="ql-block"> The garment is imitating an elaborate patterned woven or embroidered textile , adorned with miniature friezes of mythical figures and animals in successive zones . The depiction of a marine troupe predominates in the upper band .</p><p class="ql-block"> Demeter and Despoina , in Lykosoura , Arkadia , Peloponnese </p><p class="ql-block"> Early 2nd century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block"> HNAM 「1737</p> <p class="ql-block">带有浮雕装饰的女神德斯波大理石雕像所披披肩(希玛)</p><p class="ql-block"> Part of the marble himation of Despoina v </p><p class="ql-block">来自伯罗奔尼撒半岛,阿卡迪亚地区莱科索拉的"大女神"德墨忒耳和德斯波伊娜(珀耳塞福涅)神庙公元前2世纪初</p><p class="ql-block"> From the temple of the Great Goddesses ,</p><p class="ql-block"> Demeter and Despoina , in Lykosoura , Arkadia , Peloponnese Early 2nd century B . C .</p><p class="ql-block">Н N АМГ1737</p> <p class="ql-block">这件雕塑模仿了考究的提花或刺绣织物,条状下摆顺次装饰着神话人物和动物的形象。披肩上部的饰边主要描绘了一组海洋神话人物。</p><p class="ql-block"> The garment is imitating an elaborate patterned woven or embroidered textile , adorned with miniature friezes of mythical figures and animals in successive zones . The depiction of a marine troupe predominates in the upper band .</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"> 此次展示的:女神德斯波依娜塑像是具有代表性的古希腊神话故事雕塑。虽然没有了头颅。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"> 此次编辑,把说明里的大部分希腊文删除了。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"> 找不到合适的配乐,暂时如此。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>