<p class="ql-block">1.时间表达相关:“not …until…” 等同于 “after…” ,都意为 “直到… 才…”,助你精准拿捏动作发生的先后顺序。例如:I didn't go to bed until my mom came back. 就如同 I went to bed after my mom came back.</p><p class="ql-block">2.表推测的句式:“It seems that + 从句”,用来传达 “似乎,好像” 的语义,描绘一种主观推测,像 It seems that it will rain tomorrow. 让人能自然引出对情况的预估。</p><p class="ql-block">3.花费时间的表达:“It +takes +sb + 时间 + to do sth”,凸显做某事耗费某人的时长,例如:It takes me two hours to finish my homework. 清晰表明作业用时。</p><p class="ql-block">4.归还物品的表述:归还某物给某人,既可以说 “return sth to sb”,也能用 “give sth back to sb.”,日常交流里归还东西时就能灵活切换,如 Return the book to me. 等同于 Give the book back to me.</p><p class="ql-block">返回某地的说法:“return to + 某地” 意思是 “返回某地”,和 “come /get back to + 某地” 同义,说 “ I will return to my hometown.” 与 “I will come/get back to my hometown.” 并无二致。</p><p class="ql-block">5.尽力做某事的表达:“as …as possible” 与 “as … as sb can (could).” 都用于表示 “尽可能做某事” ,鼓励他人全力以赴,像 You should run as fast as possible. 即 You should run as fast as you can.</p><p class="ql-block">6.特殊进行时态表意:“be always doing sth” 可不是普通的进行时态,它带有一种厌恶情绪,暗指某人老是做某事,例如:He is always making noise. 满是对 “他” 的不满。</p><p class="ql-block">7.such 与 so 的用法:</p><p class="ql-block">修饰单数名词时,“such + a /an + adj + 单数名词” 以及 “so + adj + a /an + 单数名词” 都可行,只是词序有别,像 such a beautiful flower 和 so beautiful a flower 皆形容花朵美丽。</p><p class="ql-block">8.目的表达句式:“in order to do sth” 与 “so that.” 都能表达 “为了做某事”,前者后接动词原形,后者常接句子,比如 I get up early in order to catch the bus. 等同于 I get up early so that I can catch the bus.</p> <p class="ql-block">9.程度副词搭配:“much too + 形容词、副词的原级”,用来强调程度,突出 “太……”,好比 The box is much too heavy. 凸显箱子极重。</p><p class="ql-block">10.擅长做某事的表达:“be good at doing sth” 和 “do well in” 都表示 “擅长于做某事”,二者常能替换,说 She is good at dancing. 也就是 She does well in dancing.</p><p class="ql-block">11.做某事有困难的表达:要是干某事遭遇难题,就可用 “have a hard time(in)doing sth” 来倾诉,例如:I had a hard time (in) solving this math problem.</p><p class="ql-block">12.用完某物的说法:表达某人把某东西用完了,“sb + run out of + sth” 与 “sb + use up + sth.” 都很贴切,像是 I ran out of my money. 跟 I used up my money. 同义。</p><p class="ql-block">13.介意某人做某事的表达:“mind one’s doing sth” 专指 “介意某人干某事”,回应不介意时,“No, not at all /certainly not /of course not.” 这些短语都合适,尽显礼貌与随和。</p><p class="ql-block">14.代替的不同词性用法:</p><p class="ql-block">“instead” 作副词,意为 “代替、而不是”,常现身于句首或句末 ;</p><p class="ql-block">“instead of + 名词、代词或动名词 ” 同样是 “代替、而不是” 之意,不过词性变成介词短语,搭配更为多样。</p><p class="ql-block">15.raise 与 rise 的辨析:</p><p class="ql-block">“raise” 作动词,意为 “举起、抬起”,靠外力达成动作;“rise” 也是 “升起、上升 ” 之意,可主语靠自身力量移到较高位置,太阳升起用 rise,升旗用 raise,泾渭分明。</p><p class="ql-block">16.附和否定的表达:“Me neither” 用于附和别人,传递 “我也不 / 没有” 的意思,等同于 “neither … I”,要是表示肯定附和,“Me too” 和 “so …I ” 能派上用场。</p><p class="ql-block">17.修饰人口的用词:描述人口规模,用 “large (人口多) /small (人口少)” 修饰 “population”;提问人口数量,“what/How large,What is the population of?” 这些问法很精准。</p><p class="ql-block">18.让步状语从句引导词:“whenever=no matter when,whatever=no matter what,wherever=no matter where”,这类词引导让步状语从句,无论何时、无论何事、无论何地,随心表达。需留意,“whenever” 后的从句得用陈述句语序,主从复合句遵循 “主将从现” 规则。</p><p class="ql-block">19.“穿过” 的不同词性表达:</p><p class="ql-block">“cross” 是动词 “穿过”,动作感十足;</p><p class="ql-block">“across” 为介词 “穿过,横穿”,常搭配名词使用;</p><p class="ql-block">“crossing” 变身名词 “十字路口”。</p><p class="ql-block">各司其职,像 Cross the road. ,Go across the road. ,There is a crossing ahead.</p><p class="ql-block">20.数量修饰词用法:</p><p class="ql-block">“a lot of /lots of” 能修饰复数名词或者不可数名词,囤货时说 I have a lot of books. 或 I have lots of water. 都没问题;</p><p class="ql-block">“a lot” 作副词,用来修饰动词,或者形容词、副词的比较级,I like it a lot. 、I'm a lot happier now. 皆可。</p> <p class="ql-block">21.声音相关词汇辨析:</p><p class="ql-block">“voice” 专注于说话的声音、嗓音;</p><p class="ql-block">“sound” 范畴最广,自然界各类声音都囊括;</p><p class="ql-block">“noise” 则指噪音、杂音、喧闹声,在嘈杂环境里,就能用 noise 精准吐槽。</p><p class="ql-block">22.确保某事的表达:</p><p class="ql-block">想表达确保、确信、确定,“make sure+that + 从句” 是不二之选,例如:</p><p class="ql-block">Make sure that you lock the door.</p><p class="ql-block">23.条件句引导词:</p><p class="ql-block">“Unless” 意思是 “如果不、除非” ,等同于 “if…not…” ,引导主从句时,遵循 “主将从现” 原则,像 Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam. 类似 If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.</p><p class="ql-block">24.副词辨析:</p><p class="ql-block">“aloud” 是副词,表 “出声地、高声地”,没有比较等级,用于读书、思考出声场景;</p><p class="ql-block">“loudly” 常与 speak、talk、laugh、shout 等词搭配,突出大声、响亮地。</p><p class="ql-block">25.使役动词短语:</p><p class="ql-block">“get/have sth done” 等同于 “ask sb to do sth”,也就是请别人帮忙做某事,像 I got my hair cut. 约等于 I asked the barber to cut my hair.</p><p class="ql-block">26.success 相关词性变化:</p><p class="ql-block">“success” 是名词,“successful” 为形容词,“successfully” 作副词,要是成功做某事,就用 “succeed (in ) doing sth.”,例如:</p><p class="ql-block">He succeeded in passing the exam.</p><p class="ql-block">27.花费相关动词辨析:</p><p class="ql-block">“cost” 花费的是金钱,主语通常是物,常见句型 “sth + cost + sb + 钱”,The book cost me 20 yuan. 说明买书开销;</p><p class="ql-block">“pay” 主语是人,搭配 “ sb +pay + 钱 + for +sth.”,I paid 20 yuan for the book. 同义;</p><p class="ql-block">“spend” 主语是人,可花时间或钱,有 “sb +spend + 时间 / 钱 + on sth” 以及 “ Sb +spend + 时间 / 钱 +(in)doing sth” 两种形式;</p><p class="ql-block">“take” 常指花费时间,主语多是事情,常用 it 作形式主语。</p><p class="ql-block">29.倒装句用法:</p><p class="ql-block">当仅有 “Only + 时间副词” 时,句式要倒装,这一特殊语法规则,为句子增添别样强调效果。</p><p class="ql-block">30.人物特征提问方式:</p><p class="ql-block">询问人的性格,用 “what be sb like?”;</p><p class="ql-block">打探外貌特征,“what do /does sb look like?” 各司其职,精准发问。</p><p class="ql-block">31.所属关系表达:</p><p class="ql-block">“belong to” 表 “属于 ”,没有被动语态,也不用进行时态,主语常是物,My book belongs to me. 简洁表明所属。</p><p class="ql-block">32.“Be + 名词所有格 / 名词性的物主代词”,疑问词要用 “whose” 来开启寻主之旅。</p><p class="ql-block">33.drop 与 fall 的区别:</p><p class="ql-block">“drop” 既能指偶然 “丢掉、失落”,也能是有意识 “投下”;</p><p class="ql-block">“fall” 多是受地球引力 “下落、降落”,或是失去平衡而 “跌落”,且为不及物动词,苹果掉落用 fall,失手扔东西用 drop。</p><p class="ql-block">34.假设疑问句:</p><p class="ql-block">“what if…” 引导带条件从句的疑问句,意为 “如果…… 怎么办”,if 后的句子用陈述句语序,等同于 “what should I/we do if…=what will happen if…”,为设想未知状况助力。</p><p class="ql-block">35.特殊名词修饰:</p><p class="ql-block">“quite + a/an + adj + 单数名词” 以及 “a + very + adj + 单数名词” 都能巧妙修饰名词,像 quite a beautiful day 和 a very beautiful day 都在夸赞好天气。</p><p class="ql-block">36.就近原则与倒装:</p><p class="ql-block">“not only …but also …” 连接两主语时,遵循 “就近原则”;</p><p class="ql-block">连接两句子,且 not only 位于句首时,它后面的句子常用倒装来强调,but also 后的句子依旧用陈述句语序。</p><p class="ql-block">37.感谢相关短语:</p><p class="ql-block">“thanks to” 意为 “由于、因为、多亏”,侧重感谢对象,类似 because of、with the help of ;</p><p class="ql-block">“thanks for ” 聚焦因…… 而感谢,点明感谢原因与目的。</p><p class="ql-block">38.“最后” 的表达:</p><p class="ql-block">“in the end” 等同于 “at last/finally”,都表示 “最后”,不能与 of 连用;</p><p class="ql-block">“at the end of…” 可指时间、地点的尽头或末尾,像 at the end of the road 、at the end of this term ;</p><p class="ql-block">“by the end of …” 意思是 “到…… 为止 / 底”,根据时间不同搭配时态,by the end of last year 用过去完成时,by the end of this year 用将来时。</p><p class="ql-block">39.动副短语用法:</p><p class="ql-block">“give up” 这类动副短语,接代词时要放在中间,如 give it/them up ,规范用法避免出错。</p> <p class="ql-block">40.be 动词用法:在一般现在时里,be 动词用法清晰,“I 用 am,you 用 are,is 跟着他她它。He ,she ,it 用 is,we,you,they 都用 are。单数名词用 is,复数名词都用 are。” 它的几种形式 “is, am, are —being —was, were —been”,贯穿不同时态。</p><p class="ql-block">41.带来带去的表达:把东西带去给某人,用 “take …to”,例如:Please take these apples to your grandma. ;把东西带来给某人,则是 “bring…to”,Can you bring my pen to school? 轻松区分方向。</p><p class="ql-block">42.代词用法:</p><p class="ql-block">人称代词主格在句中当主语,一般在动词前(疑问句除外);</p><p class="ql-block">宾格作宾语,常躲在动词、介词后面。</p><p class="ql-block">形容词性物主代词要拉着名词,表明所属;</p><p class="ql-block">名词性物主代词独立又强大,等于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,有无名词是判断选用关键。</p><p class="ql-block">43.可数名词复数变化规则:可数名词变复数有章可循,一般加 s;以 s,sh,ch,x 结尾加 es;辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 es;o 结尾多数加 es ,但有元音字母结尾的加 s ;f,fe 结尾,改 f、fe 为 v 再加 es ,也有特殊直接加 s 的情况,牢记规则,复数不再愁。</p><p class="ql-block">44.被动语态构成与用法:</p><p class="ql-block">一般现在时的被动语态结构是 “am/is/are + 过去分词”,如 The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天都被打扫 );</p><p class="ql-block">一般过去时是 “was/were + 过去分词”,例如 The car was repaired yesterday.(车昨天被修好了) ,用于强调动作承受者,不知道或没必要指出动作执行者时常用。</p><p class="ql-block">特殊情况:含有双宾语的句子变被动语态,有两种变法。如 He gave me a book. 可变为 I was given a book by him. 或者 A book was given to me by him.</p><p class="ql-block">45.定语从句关系代词:</p><p class="ql-block">who 用于指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,I like the boy who is very kind.(我喜欢那个很友善的男孩);</p><p class="ql-block">which 指物,作主语或宾语,This is the book which I bought yesterday.(这是我昨天买的书 );</p><p class="ql-block">that 既可指人也可指物,The man that you saw just now is my teacher. (你刚才看到的那个人是我的老师)。</p><p class="ql-block">关系副词:</p><p class="ql-block">when 引导定语从句,先行词是时间,I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天 );</p><p class="ql-block">where 先行词是地点,This is the park where we often play.(这是我们经常玩耍的公园 )。</p><p class="ql-block">46.宾语从句语序:宾语从句需用陈述句语序,即 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”,例如 I don't know what he is doing. 不能写成 I don't know what is he doing.</p><p class="ql-block">47.时态:主现从不限,主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用合适时态;主过从必过,主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,如 He said he had been to Beijing.</p> <p class="ql-block">48.look 相关短语</p><p class="ql-block">look forward to:to 是介词,后面接动名词,意为 “期待,盼望”,I'm looking forward to hearing from you.(我正期待着收到你的来信)</p><p class="ql-block">look up:查阅(字典、资料等),如果宾语是代词,需放在中间,Look it up in the dictionary if you don't know the word.(如果你不认识这个词,在字典里查一下 )</p><p class="ql-block">look after:照顾,等同于 take care of,My mother looks after my grandma carefully.(我妈妈细心地照顾我奶奶)</p><p class="ql-block">49.make 相关短语</p><p class="ql-block">make up:编造(故事、借口等 ),He made up an excuse for being late.(他为迟到编了个借口);组成,The three parts make up the whole machine.(这三个部分组成了整台机器 )</p><p class="ql-block">make sure:确保,后常接 that 引导的宾语从句,Make sure that you turn off the lights before you leave.(确保你离开前把灯都关了 )</p><p class="ql-block">make friends with:与…… 交朋友,I want to make friends with you.(我想和你交朋友)</p><p class="ql-block">50.take 相关短语</p><p class="ql-block">take part in:参加(活动、比赛等),I took part in the singing competition last week.(我上周参加了歌唱比赛 ),区别于 join,join 一般指加入某个组织或团体,join the army(参军 )</p><p class="ql-block">take care:小心,相当于 be careful,Take care! The road is icy.(小心!路结冰了 )</p><p class="ql-block">take off:脱下(衣服等);(飞机)起飞 ,Take off your coat. It's warm here.(把外套脱了吧,这儿暖和 );The plane will take off soon.(飞机马上就要起飞了 )</p>