<p class="ql-block">Iceberg Theory 冰山理论</p><p class="ql-block">What is the Iceberg Theory? 什么是冰山理论？</p><p class="ql-block">The Iceberg Theory, or Theory of Omission, was introduced by Ernest Hemingway. It suggests that only a small part of a story (the tip of the iceberg) is visible to readers, while the deeper meaning lies hidden beneath the surface.</p><p class="ql-block">冰山理论（也称为省略理论）由美国作家海明威提出。它认为故事中只有一小部分（冰山露出水面的部分）对读者是可见的，而更深层次的含义隐藏在表面之下。</p><p class="ql-block"> • Visible Tip of the Iceberg 冰山可见的部分: The explicit content—the surface story.</p><p class="ql-block">冰山露出水面的部分：明确的内容，即故事表面讲述的内容。</p><p class="ql-block"> • Submerged Portion 冰山隐藏的部分: The implied meaning—the deeper emotions, themes, and backstory.</p><p class="ql-block">冰山隐藏在水下的部分：隐含的意义，即更深层次的情感、主题和背景故事。</p><p class="ql-block">Hemingway used this technique to write concisely, allowing readers to infer the deeper meaning.</p><p class="ql-block">海明威通过这种写作技巧，使文章简洁，鼓励读者去体会更深层的含义。</p><p class="ql-block">Examples 示例</p><p class="ql-block">1. Hemingway’s Short Story: “Hills Like White Elephants” 海明威短篇小说《白象似的群山》</p><p class="ql-block"> • Surface-Level (Visible): A man and a woman discuss an operation at a train station.</p><p class="ql-block">表面内容（可见部分）： 一名男子和一名女子在火车站讨论一个手术。</p><p class="ql-block"> • Implied Meaning (Hidden): They are discussing abortion and the tension in their relationship, though the word “abortion” is never mentioned.</p><p class="ql-block">隐含意义（隐藏部分）： 他们实际在谈论堕胎以及彼此关系中的紧张，虽然文中从未提及“堕胎”一词。</p><p class="ql-block">2. “The Old Man and the Sea” 《老人与海》</p><p class="ql-block"> • Surface-Level (Visible): Santiago, an old fisherman, catches a giant marlin after days of struggle.</p><p class="ql-block">表面内容（可见部分）： 老渔夫圣地亚哥经过几天的努力，捕到了一条巨大的马林鱼。</p><p class="ql-block"> • Implied Meaning (Hidden): The marlin symbolizes human perseverance and struggles against life’s hardships.</p><p class="ql-block">隐含意义（隐藏部分）： 马林鱼象征着人类在面对生活困境时的坚持与奋斗。</p><p class="ql-block">Everyday Example 日常例子</p><p class="ql-block"> • Surface-Level (Visible): A friend says, “I’m fine.”</p><p class="ql-block">表面内容（可见部分）： 朋友说：“我很好。”</p><p class="ql-block"> • Implied Meaning (Hidden): They might actually be upset or struggling but are hiding their true feelings.</p><p class="ql-block">隐含意义（隐藏部分）： 他们可能内心不安或挣扎，但没有表露真实感受。</p><p class="ql-block">Why is the Iceberg Theory Important? 为什么冰山理论很重要？</p><p class="ql-block">This theory makes stories more engaging and powerful by encouraging readers to look for deeper meaning. It reflects real life, where much of what we feel or think remains unspoken.</p><p class="ql-block">冰山理论通过引导读者探寻更深层次的含义，使故事更加引人入胜且富有力量。它反映了真实生活，因为很多情感和想法往往是隐藏的，未被说出口。</p>