<p class="ql-block">四天三夜的亚马逊之行既美又苦。美的是侏罗纪般原始热带雨林的景色,寻找动物的乐趣。苦的是蚊虫的肆虐、丛林中汗如雨下的桑拿天、似乎走不完的泥泞路(其实只有去程的三公里半,回来时已基本干了;在丛林里大部分时间是坐划艇),淋浴只有冷水,等等。 </p> <p class="ql-block">亞馬遜流域热带雨林橫跨南美洲 的巴西、秘鲁、 玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔、哥倫比亞,、我们结束了马丘比丘之旅后,从印加帝国旧都古城库斯科出发,乘小飞机半个小时就抵达秘鲁亚马逊热带雨林地区的门户波多马尔多纳多市。它位于Madre de Dios (圣母河)边,后者是亚马逊河上游的主要支流之一。</p> <p class="ql-block">下飞机后,丛林生态客栈的人来机场接我们去河边上船。但摩托蹦蹦车没走多远,就看到前面警车把路口封了,不远处可以看到滚滚浓烟升向天空。司机下来与前面的司机交谈几句回来说,这里发生暴乱,我们必须下来步行,绕道去河边的码头。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">下车以后,司机扛着老婆手提箱,我扛着自己的,三人仓皇地找人少的街道疾走。很多人站在街头看热闹。这地方真的是第三世界的第三世界,到处破破烂烂,垃圾就扔在街边,很多男人都光着上身。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">有两次刚拐进一条街,就发现不远处一群人正往这边跑。我们赶紧退出来再拐进另一条街。左绕右拐,最后终于来到河边的码头。</p> <p class="ql-block">上了独木舟一般的小船,我们算是喘了一口气。这种小船等于是“水上出租。”</p> <p class="ql-block">河面上往来的船只不少,显然这里没有公路,这条河就是当地的交通命脉。站在有棚子的船上,热风扑面,两面的雨林衬着碧透的蓝天,一幅浓郁的赤道风光。</p> <p class="ql-block">船行一个半小时后,抵达河边的小客栈。我们在这里度过了亚马逊热带雨林的第一晚。</p> <p class="ql-block">第二天,清晨五点起床,划着小船去湖上看日出和野生动物来湖边饮水。下午三点出发,在湖上待到晚上七点,看南半球天空的满天星斗和一轮满月。</p> <p class="ql-block">圣多瓦尔湖(Lake Sandoval )位于亚马逊盆地中保护的最好的一片热带雨林之中。营地就在湖边。</p> <p class="ql-block">我们的运气不错,最初两天游客少,我们两个人就可以专享一个向导。丛林营地(lodge)里除了工作人员就是我们两个人,在湖上和丛林里也很少看到其他人,爽极了!所以出游是否能赶上人少,与这一趟玩的质量有很大关系。</p> <p class="ql-block">丛林里很幽静,但密不透风。因为蚊虫很多,只能穿着不透风的长衣长裤。反正这辈子就这一次,忍了!其实因为喜欢野生动物,后来我们又去了厄瓜多尔的亚马逊热带雨林。</p> <p class="ql-block">这附近有三个地方地方可以进入亚马逊雨林,即马努国家公园(Manú National Park), 坦波帕塔国家保护区(Tambopata National Reserve)和, 巴华哈-索内内国家公园(Bahuaja-Sonene National Park)。我们去的是坦波帕塔国家公园。</p> <p class="ql-block">若干年前我们去过西双版纳。相比之下这里才算得上是真正和原始的热带雨林</p> <p class="ql-block">这次看的最多的动物是麝雉(Hoatzin Bird, 也叫stink bird. ),就是头上有高高的花冠的那种鸟。以下是关于这种鸟的一些资料:</p><p class="ql-block">The Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin), also known as the Hoatzin, Stinkbird, or Canje Pheasant, is a species of tropical bird found in swamps, riparian forest and mangrove of the Amazon and the Orinoco delta in South America. It is notable for having chicks that possess claws on two of their wing digits.</p><p class="ql-block">It is the only member of the genus Opisthocomus (Ancient Greek: "wearing long hair behind", referring to its large crest[clarification needed]),[2] which in turn is the only extant genus in the family Opisthocomidae. The taxonomic position of this family has been greatly debated, and is still far from clear.</p><p class="ql-block">The strange Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) might not be as pretty as toucans, tanagers, and macaws, but it definitely wins the prize for the oddest bird in the Amazon. Nearly as large as a turkey, the Hoatzin spends most of its time loafing around the edges of oxbow lakes in the Amazon rainforest. Sitting in bushes and small trees that grow at the water抯 edge, Hoatzins makes odd grunting noises as they nip off leaves from the surrounding vegetation. They don抰 seem to pay much attention to people watching them although will attempt to clumsily flap their way to a nearby branch if observers get a little too close for comfort.</p><p class="ql-block">This strange bird only occurs in the Amazon jungle and has no close relatives. Indeed, its heritage has been a constant subject of debate among ornithologists since its discovery. It has been placed with the cuckoos, turkey-like birds, and was even considered to be some type of ancient prehistoric bird for a time. Although studies have indicated that the Hoatzin is not a living fossil, it still appears to belong to an old lineage of birds that may have no close relatives. One recent study of Hoatzin fossils showed that it may even have its origin in Africa and could have reached South America by floating across the Atlantic Ocean on clumps of vegetation!</p><p class="ql-block">Whatever the truth may be about its evolutionary history, the strange Hoatzin is one bird that should be seen by all guests of the Rainforest Expeditions eco-lodges.</p> <p class="ql-block">秘鲁亚马逊丛林里的鸟类种类超过世界上其余地区的总和。但当时我拍的照片里有些像素太高,无法上传。</p> <p class="ql-block">尤属红颜色的吼猴有趣。在临晨和黄昏,吼猴的叫声从丛林深处传出来,使你想起影片侏罗纪公园里的景象。</p> <p class="ql-block">吼猴是拉丁美洲丛林中最有趣的一种猿猴。在动物分类上属于哺乳纲、灵长目、卷尾猴科。它体长0.9米,像狗那么大,加上一米多长的尾巴,在南美猴类中,可算是最大的代表了。这种猴的身上披有浓密的毛,多为褐红色,且能随着太阳光线的强弱和投射角度不同,变幻出从金绿到紫红等各种色彩,十分美丽。</p> <p class="ql-block">这次去秘鲁亚马逊丛林, 看见不少野生动物。其中尤属红颜色的吼猴有趣。在临晨和黄昏,我们共三次听到过吼猴的叫声。那声音从丛林深处传出来,使你想起影片侏罗纪公园里大型恐龙发出的吼声。 以下是百度百科上的资料:</p><p class="ql-block">吼猴是拉丁美洲丛林中最有趣的一种猿猴。在动物分类上属于哺乳纲、灵长目、卷尾猴科。它体长0.9米,像狗那么大,加上一米多长的尾巴,在南美猴类中,可算是最大的代表了。这种猴的身上披有浓密的毛,多为褐红色,且能随着太阳光线的强弱和投射角度不同,变幻出从金绿到紫红等各种色彩,十分美丽。</p><p class="ql-block">最引人注目的是吼猴的巨大吼声。这种猴子的舌骨特别大,能够形成一种特殊途的回音器。每当它需 要发出各种不同性质的传呼信号时,它就以异常巨大的吼声,不停息地响彻于森林树冠之上,有时十几只在一起,用它们特有的“大嗓门”,发出巨声,咆哮呼号, 震撼四野,这吼声可在三公里以外都能清楚地听到。吼猴的名称也是由此而来。</p> <p class="ql-block">茂密的热带雨林遮天蔽日</p> <p class="ql-block">没有河流的地方就只能走泥泞的林间小路了。</p> <p class="ql-block">再走一次泥巴路,走出亚马逊丛林,来到Madre de Dios (圣母河)边的一个Lodge。没有泥泞路了。也不再能看见猴子了。只是走走树顶天桥,滑滑溜索,晚上去周围的丛林看看动物。</p> <p class="ql-block">亚马逊丛林里鸟种类很多,色彩斑斓,羽毛的颜色有全红、全蓝、全绿、鲜黄、杏黄、蓝绿相间、蓝黄相间、红蓝相间、黄绿相间等等。</p> <p class="ql-block">丛林里的观察塔。科考人员与游客可以爬上去俯视雨林的树冠</p> <p class="ql-block">我们一共住了三晚的丛林营地小屋。有的非常简陋</p> <p class="ql-block">有的条件略好一些。</p> <p class="ql-block">总的来说天气和食宿条件比我们预想的要好。说来在丛林深处能建起和维持这样一个营地已经很不容易。所有的物品都要经过三十多公里的水路运到河边保护区的入口,再用人力走三点五公里扛到丛林中的一条小溪,再划着小船走一点五公里到营地。</p> <p class="ql-block">为丛林营地运送必需品的背夫</p> <p class="ql-block">热带雨林里的各种爬行动物、两栖动物与昆虫也有很鲜艳的颜色。</p>