<p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">一、本篇文章重点介绍形容词和副词的比较等级变化及常考用法。</p><p class="ql-block">二、形容词和副词的比较级</p><p class="ql-block">(一) 形容词和副词比较级的变化</p><p class="ql-block">1.形容词比较级的规则变化</p><p class="ql-block">(1) 一般单音节形容词或部分双音节形容词，在词尾直接加er, 如: younger, narrower</p><p class="ql-block">(2) 大部分双音节形容词或多音节形容词，在单词前加more, 如: more famous, more beautiful</p><p class="ql-block">(3) 以字母e结尾的形容词，在词尾直接加r, 如: nicer</p><p class="ql-block">(4) 若形容词以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅元辅”结尾，需双写最后一个字母再加er, 如: bigger</p><p class="ql-block">(5) 若形容词以"辅音+y"结尾，需去y为i再加er, 如: busier</p><p class="ql-block">2.副词比较级的规则变化</p><p class="ql-block">(注意：副词比较级变化规则和形容词类似，焦大婶在这举例的副词多是既可以是形容词又可以是副词的)</p><p class="ql-block">(1) 一般副词在词尾直接加er, 如: harder</p><p class="ql-block">(2) 在以字母e结尾的副词后直接加r, 如: wider</p><p class="ql-block">(3) 若形容词以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅元辅”结尾，需双写最后一个字母再加er, 如: thinner</p><p class="ql-block">(4) 若形容词以"辅音+y"结尾，需去掉y改为i再加er, 如: earlier</p><p class="ql-block">(5) 由"形容词+ly"构成的副词，一般在单词前加more，如: more carefully</p><p class="ql-block">3.形容词和副词比较级的不规则变化(常考词举例)</p><p class="ql-block">good/well→better</p><p class="ql-block">bad/badly→worse</p><p class="ql-block">many/much→more</p><p class="ql-block">little→less</p><p class="ql-block">far→farther/further</p><p class="ql-block">(二) 形容词和副词比较级的使用范围、关键词、修饰和特殊句型</p><p class="ql-block">(注意：形容词的比较级考点和副词的比较级考点基本类似，这里归到一起展现)</p><p class="ql-block">1. 范围：比较级通常用于两者之间的比较(注意two/between/both等词)。</p><p class="ql-block">Tom is taller one of two boys.</p><p class="ql-block">Which color do you like better, red or yellow?</p><p class="ql-block">2. 关键词：than</p><p class="ql-block">Tom is taller than Linda.</p><p class="ql-block">Tom runs faster than before.</p><p class="ql-block">3. 比较级的常用修饰词：much, even, a little, a bit, a lot,rather, far等。</p><p class="ql-block">Linda looks much nicer today.</p><p class="ql-block">Tom listened a lot more carefully than Linda.</p><p class="ql-block">4. 比较级的常考特殊句型</p><p class="ql-block">(1) The+比较级, the+比较级</p><p class="ql-block">Some people think the more money they have, the better living they will make.</p><p class="ql-block">The harder you work, the luckier you will be.</p><p class="ql-block">(2) 比较级+and+比较级，more and more+形容词原级</p><p class="ql-block">Linda gets thinner and thinner.</p><p class="ql-block">I wish you more and more beautiful.</p><p class="ql-block">三、形容词和副词的最高级</p><p class="ql-block">(一) 形容词和副词最高级的变化</p><p class="ql-block">1.形容词最高级的规则变化</p><p class="ql-block">(1) 一般单音节形容词或部分双音节形容词，在词尾直接加est, 如：youngest, narrowest</p><p class="ql-block">(2) 大部分双音节形容词或多音节形容词，在单词前加most，如：most famous, most beautiful</p><p class="ql-block">(3) 在以字母e结尾的形容词后直接加st, 如：nicest</p><p class="ql-block">(4) 若形容词以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅元辅”结尾，需双写最后一个字母再加est, 如：biggest</p><p class="ql-block">(5) 若形容词以"辅音+y"结尾，需去掉y改为i再加est, 如：busiest</p><p class="ql-block">2.副词最高级的规则变化</p><p class="ql-block">(注意：副词和形容词最高级规则变化大致相同，焦大婶在这举例的副词多是既可以是形容词又可以是副词的)</p><p class="ql-block">(1) 一般副词在词尾直接加est, 如：hardest</p><p class="ql-block">(2) 在以字母e结尾的副词后直接加st, 如：widest</p><p class="ql-block">(3) 若形容词以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅元辅”结尾，需双写最后一个字母再加est, 如：thinnest</p><p class="ql-block">(4) 若形容词以"辅音+y"结尾，需去掉y改为i再加est, 如：earliest</p><p class="ql-block">(5) 由"形容词+ly"构成的副词，一般在单词前加most，如： most carefully</p><p class="ql-block">3.形容词和副词最高级的不规则变化(常考词举例)</p><p class="ql-block">good/well→better→best</p><p class="ql-block">bad/badly→worse→worst</p><p class="ql-block">many/much→more→most</p><p class="ql-block">little→less→least</p><p class="ql-block">far→farther/further→farthest/furthest</p><p class="ql-block">(二) 形容词和副词最高级的使用范围和修饰</p><p class="ql-block">(注意：形容词的最高级考点和副词的最高级考点基本类似，这里归到一起展现)</p><p class="ql-block">1. 范围：最高级通常用于三者之间或三者以上的比较(注意≥3/all/among等词)</p><p class="ql-block">Tom is the tallest one of three boys.</p><p class="ql-block">Which color you like best, red, green or yellow?</p><p class="ql-block">2. 最高级的常用修饰</p><p class="ql-block">(1) the+(序数词)+形容词最高级(副词最高级前不用the)</p><p class="ql-block">The apple is the biggest one among these apples.</p><p class="ql-block">It is the second cutest dog in the pet shop.</p><p class="ql-block">(2) one of +形容词最高级+名词复数</p><p class="ql-block">Linda is one of the most busiest students in her class.</p><p class="ql-block">四、形容词副词的比较级和最高级特殊点</p><p class="ql-block">(一) 部分容易困惑的比较级和最高级</p><p class="ql-block">重读闭音节主要满足条件：①最后一个音节为重读音节；②最后一个字母为辅音字母且需要发对应辅音发音；③最后一个辅音字母前只有一个元音，推算出结构为“辅元辅=辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”。类似hot，辅音字母h+元音字母o+辅音字母t，字母t发音/t/且前面只有一个元音o，整体hot为重读单音节，所以hot变比较级和最高级需要双写t加er: hot-hotter-hottest</p><p class="ql-block">容易困惑的如：low-lower-lowest, new-newer-newest等。此时ow和ew为字母组合发音，分别为/əʊ/和/juː/，而不是发w本身的辅音读音/w/，所以不能把它们归类为重读闭音节。或者从w为半元音字母而非辅音字母这个角度来判断，也是成立的。</p><p class="ql-block">(二) 部分词拥有两种比较级和最高级(部分常见举例)</p><p class="ql-block">1. clever-cleverer/more clever-cleverest/most clever</p><p class="ql-block">2. shy-shyer/shier-shyest/shiest</p><p class="ql-block">3. common-commoner/more common-commonest/most common</p><p class="ql-block">4. simple-simpler/more simple-simplest/most simple</p><p class="ql-block">5. old-older/elder-oldest/eldest</p><p class="ql-block">6. friendly-friendlier/more friendly-friendliest/most friendly</p><p class="ql-block">7. often-oftener/more often-oftenest/most often</p><p class="ql-block">(三) 部分词没有比较级和最高级</p><p class="ql-block">1. alive(活着的)，unique(独特的)，true(真的)，excellent(优秀的)......</p><p class="ql-block">2. absolutely(完全地)，completely(全部地)，relatively(相对地)......</p><p class="ql-block">(四) more/less than 和 more/less... than...</p><p class="ql-block">1. more/less than 多于/少于</p><p class="ql-block">Tom will need more than 2 hours to finish homework.</p><p class="ql-block">It took less than one hour to clean my house.</p><p class="ql-block">2. more/less...than...，A比B更...</p><p class="ql-block">Tom has more pens than Linda.</p><p class="ql-block">The pen is less expensive than books.</p><p class="ql-block">(五) that/those 在比较级的应用：指代同类比较对象</p><p class="ql-block">The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Chengdu.</p><p class="ql-block">The apples on the tree are sweeter than those in the fruit store.</p><p class="ql-block">(六) any/ any other在比较级和最高级中的应用</p><p class="ql-block">1.any/any other 在比较级的考察点主要是比较范围的区别，any→不同范围的比较，any other→相同范围的比较。</p><p class="ql-block">China is larger than any country in Africa.(在亚洲的中国和非洲其他国家属于不同范围)</p><p class="ql-block">Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. (珠穆朗玛峰和世界上其他的山峰在相同范围“世界内”比较)</p><p class="ql-block">2.比较级转换成最高级</p><p class="ql-block">比较级：Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.</p><p class="ql-block">最高级：Yangtze River is the longest river in China.</p>