<p class="ql-block">形容词、副词的比较等级</p><p class="ql-block">一、形容词和副词比较级</p><p class="ql-block">定义：大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级</p><p class="ql-block">比较级：用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，说明“前者比后者更……”</p><p class="ql-block">最高级：用于三者及三者以上（人或事物）之间的比较，其中一个在某方面超过其他几个</p><p class="ql-block">注意：</p><p class="ql-block">A. 英语中，有些形容词说明形状、材质等，还有一些形容词没有程度可分或本身就表示某种程度，这些形容词没有比较级和最高级，</p><p class="ql-block">例：round/wooden/golden/right/wrong/first/east。</p><p class="ql-block">B. 英语中常见的表示“最高程度”的形容词有excellent、extreme、perfect等，它们没有最高级，也没有比较级。</p><p class="ql-block">此外，英语中有些词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较级概念，</p><p class="ql-block">如：minor（较小的）、senior（年长的、高级的）、</p><p class="ql-block">junior（青少年的）、prior（事先的、优先的）、</p><p class="ql-block">inferior（次的、低等的）、superior上级的、更好的）、</p><p class="ql-block">prefer to（更加喜欢、宁愿）、preferable（更好的、更合适的）</p><p class="ql-block">2、形容词比较级、最高级规则变化：</p><p class="ql-block"> 构词法：</p><p class="ql-block">一、单音节和部分双音节</p><p class="ql-block">（1）一般在词尾加er或est；</p><p class="ql-block">tall</p><p class="ql-block">taller</p><p class="ql-block">tallest</p><p class="ql-block">（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的在词尾加r或st；</p><p class="ql-block">late</p><p class="ql-block">later</p><p class="ql-block">latest</p><p class="ql-block">nice</p><p class="ql-block">nicer</p><p class="ql-block">nicest</p><p class="ql-block">（3）重读闭音节，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母再加er或est；</p><p class="ql-block">big</p><p class="ql-block">bigger</p><p class="ql-block">biggest</p><p class="ql-block">fat</p><p class="ql-block">fatter</p><p class="ql-block">fattest</p><p class="ql-block">thin</p><p class="ql-block">thinner</p><p class="ql-block">thinnest</p><p class="ql-block">（4）“以辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i加er或est；</p><p class="ql-block">easy</p><p class="ql-block">easier</p><p class="ql-block">easiest</p><p class="ql-block">early</p><p class="ql-block">earlier</p><p class="ql-block">earliest</p><p class="ql-block">二、部分双音节词或多音节词，词前加more或most；</p><p class="ql-block">beautiful</p><p class="ql-block">more beautiful</p><p class="ql-block">most beautiful</p><p class="ql-block">outgoing</p><p class="ql-block">more outgoing</p><p class="ql-block">most outgoing</p><p class="ql-block">interesting</p><p class="ql-block">more interesting</p><p class="ql-block">most intersting</p><p class="ql-block">注意：多音节或部分双音节词，也可加less（不如、不像）或least </p><p class="ql-block">eg. </p><p class="ql-block">I am less outgoing than my sister. </p><p class="ql-block">我不如我的姐姐外向。</p><p class="ql-block">3、形容词比较级、最高级不规则变化</p><p class="ql-block">good/well better best</p><p class="ql-block">bad/badly worse worst</p><p class="ql-block">many/much more most</p><p class="ql-block">little less least</p><p class="ql-block">far farther/further farthest/furthest</p><p class="ql-block">二、形容词和副词原级的用法</p><p class="ql-block">1. 表示A与B在某一方面相同或不同时，用adj/adv的原级；</p><p class="ql-block">表示两者在某一方面相同时，用“as+adj/adv原级+as”句型；</p><p class="ql-block">表示一方在某方面不如另一方时，用“not+as/so+adj/adv原级+as”句型。</p><p class="ql-block">eg. I think science is as important as math.</p><p class="ql-block">我认为科学和数学一样重要。</p><p class="ql-block">It is not as/so warm today as yesterday.</p><p class="ql-block">今天不如昨天暖和。</p><p class="ql-block">He didn't write as/so carefully as Tom.</p><p class="ql-block">他写得不如Tom认真。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”的结构。</p><p class="ql-block">（一倍用once、两倍用twice、三倍及以上用“基数词+times”）</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">My house is twice as large as hers.</p><p class="ql-block">我的房子是她的房子的两倍大。</p><p class="ql-block">People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice as long as people who lived a few hundred years ago.</p><p class="ql-block">3. 表示程度的副词too/very/quite/pretty修饰adj/adv的原级</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">This street is quite quiet.</p><p class="ql-block">意为“非常、相当、很”</p><p class="ql-block">He runs very fast.</p><p class="ql-block">This question is too difficult for me to answer. </p><p class="ql-block">三、表示两者的比较用比较级</p><p class="ql-block"> 1. 其结构为“A+be动词/实义动词+adj/adv比较级+than+B”，意为“A比B更……”。</p><p class="ql-block"> （注：比较对象要一致，且当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词或省略不同）</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">My hair is longer than Mary's。</p><p class="ql-block">The scenery here is more beautiful than that in our area.</p><p class="ql-block">这里的风景比我们地区的风景更美。</p><p class="ql-block">You know more about yourself than I (do).</p><p class="ql-block">你比我更了解你自己。</p><p class="ql-block">指代前面已提到的know</p><p class="ql-block">注意：</p><p class="ql-block">adj/adv前可用much/even/for/still/a lot/a little/a bit/a great deal等修饰以加强语气。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">My mother gets up much earlier than me.</p><p class="ql-block">我妈妈比我起床早得多。</p><p class="ql-block">I feel a little better today.</p><p class="ql-block">我今天感觉好点了。</p><p class="ql-block">2. 表示“A和B哪个更……”时，用句型“Who/Which+be动词/实义动词+比较级，A or B ?”表示。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">Which is bigger，this one or that one？</p><p class="ql-block">Who is taller，Lucy or Lily？</p><p class="ql-block">3. 表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级（多音节或部分双音节）”结构。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">The weather is getting warmer and warmer.</p><p class="ql-block">Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.</p><p class="ql-block">4. 表示“越……，就越……”时，用“the+比较级…，the+比较级…”结构。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">The busier he is，the happ he feels.</p><p class="ql-block">他越忙越感到高兴。</p><p class="ql-block">The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.</p><p class="ql-block">你越认真，犯的错误就越少。</p><p class="ql-block">The more difficult the problem is，the more careful we should be. </p><p class="ql-block">问题越难，我们就应越小心。</p><p class="ql-block">5. 表示“两者中较……的一个”时，用“the+比较级+of the two”结构</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">Tom is the younger of the two boys.</p><p class="ql-block">汤姆是两个男孩中较小的一个。</p><p class="ql-block">6. 用“A+be动词/实义动词+比较级+than any other+单数名词”结构，表示“A比任何一个人/物都……”或“A最……”，既用比较级形式表示最高级的含义。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">Li Lei is smarter than any other student in his class. = Li Lei is the smartest student in his class.</p><p class="ql-block">7. 表示“倍数”时，可以用“倍数+比较级+than”结构</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">This river is three times longer than that one.</p><p class="ql-block">这条河是那条河的三倍长。</p><p class="ql-block">二、形容词或副词最高级的用法</p><p class="ql-block">1. 表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较用最高级，后面常用of/in短语说明比较的范围。形容词最高级前加the，副词最高级前the可以省去。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">Bill is the tallest boy of the three.</p><p class="ql-block">Tom does his homework (the) most carefully in his class.</p><p class="ql-block">2. 表示“A、B、C哪一个最……”用“Which/Who+be动词/实义动词+adj/adv最高级，A、B or C ?”结构</p><p class="ql-block">Which country is the strongest，America、England、France？</p><p class="ql-block">Who plays the drums best in your class?</p><p class="ql-block">who作主语，为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数</p><p class="ql-block">3. 表示“最……之一”用“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构</p><p class="ql-block">注意：该结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。</p><p class="ql-block">eg. Chinese is one of the most popular languages in the world.</p><p class="ql-block">Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.</p><p class="ql-block">One of them is good at math.</p><p class="ql-block">One of my friends is from Australia.</p><p class="ql-block">4. 表示“第几最……”用“the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词”结构</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.</p><p class="ql-block">注意：</p><p class="ql-block">(1)当最高级前有物主代词/指示代词/名词所有格等修饰时，前面不能再加定冠词the</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block"> She is my best friend.</p><p class="ql-block">(2)当形容词最高级前没有定冠词the时，就没有比较的意思，只用来加强语气，有“很、非常”之意。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">She is a most beautiful girl.</p><p class="ql-block">她是个非常漂亮的女孩。</p><p class="ql-block">(3)如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词最高级前不加the。</p><p class="ql-block">eg.</p><p class="ql-block">He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.</p>