心随思维伴云飞——一道中招试题的方法研究(2)

数学寻梦人

<p class="ql-block">思维路径</p><p class="ql-block">思维方向二:利用等边三角形和双相似</p><p class="ql-block">方法一:构造等边△BFG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:围绕∠BFD构造等边△BFG</p><p class="ql-block">延长AD至点G,使FG=BF,连接BG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△BFG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠G=60º,BF=BG=FG</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△BDG和△ADC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/AD=BG/AC=DG/CD</p><p class="ql-block">2/AD=BG/6=DG/4</p><p class="ql-block">则AD•BF=12,DG=2/3DG</p><p class="ql-block">可得DF=BF/3</p><p class="ql-block">再证△BDG和△AEF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/AE=BG/AF=DG/EF</p><p class="ql-block">2/4=BG/AF=DG/EF</p><p class="ql-block">则AF=2BF,AD=AF+DF=7/3BF</p><p class="ql-block">环节五:构建方程模型</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x由AD•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">可得7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">BF=6√7/7, AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p> <p class="ql-block">方法二:构造等边△DFG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:围绕∠BFD构造等边△DFG</p><p class="ql-block">在BF截取FG=DF,连接DG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△BFG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠DGF=60º,DF=DG=FG</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△BDG和△ABF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BG/AF=DG/BF=BD/AB=2/6</p><p class="ql-block">则BF=3DF,AF=3BG=2BF</p><p class="ql-block">再证△BDF和△BEC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/BE=BF/AF,AE•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x,则7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p> <p class="ql-block">方法三:构造等边△AFG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:围绕∠AFD构造等边△BFG</p><p class="ql-block">延长BE至点G,使FG=AF,连接AG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△AFG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠G=60º,AF=AG=FG</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△AEG和△BEC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得AE/BE=AG/BC=EG/CE</p><p class="ql-block">4/AD=AG/6=EG/2</p><p class="ql-block">则AD•AF=24,AF=3EG=</p><p class="ql-block">可得AF=2EF/3</p><p class="ql-block">再证△AEG和△BDF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得AE/BD=AG/BF=EG/DF</p><p class="ql-block">4/2=BG/AF=DG/EF</p><p class="ql-block">则AF=2BF,AD=BE=BF+EF=7/3BF</p><p class="ql-block">环节五:构建方程模型</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x由AD•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">可得7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">BF=6√7/7, AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p> <p class="ql-block">方法四:构造等边△EFG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:围绕∠AFE构造等边△EFG</p><p class="ql-block">在AF截取FG=EF,连接EG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△EFG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠EGF=60º,EF=EG=FG</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△AEG和△ABF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得AE/AB=EG/AF=AG/BF=4/6</p><p class="ql-block">则EF=2AF/3,BE=7/3BF</p><p class="ql-block">再证△BDF和△BEC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/BE=BF/AF,BE•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x,则7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p> <p class="ql-block">方法五:构造等边△CEG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:构造等边△CEG</p><p class="ql-block">在BC截取CG=CE,连接EG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△CEG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠EGC=60º,CE=EG=CG=2</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△BEG和△ABF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BE/AB=EG/BF=BG/AF</p><p class="ql-block">BE/6=2/BF=4/AF</p><p class="ql-block">则AF=2BF,BE•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">再证△BDF和△BEC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/BE=BF/BC=DF/CE</p><p class="ql-block">2/BE= BF/6=DF/2</p><p class="ql-block">则DF=BF/3</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x,则7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p> <p class="ql-block">方法六:构造等边△AEG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:构造等边△AEG</p><p class="ql-block">在AB截取AG=AE,连接EG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△AEG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠EGA=60º,AE=EG=AG=4</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△EGB和△ABF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BE/AB=EG/BF=BG/AF</p><p class="ql-block">BE/6=2/BF=4/AF</p><p class="ql-block">则AF=2BF,BE•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">再证△BDF和△BEC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/BE=BF/BC=DF/CE</p><p class="ql-block">2/BE= BF/6=DF/2</p><p class="ql-block">则DF=BF/3</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x,则7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p> <p class="ql-block">方法七:构造等边△CDG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:构造等边△CDG</p><p class="ql-block">在AC上截取CG=CD,连接DG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△CDG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠DGC=60º,CD=DG=CG=4</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ADG和△BAF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得AD/AB=AG/BF=DG/AF</p><p class="ql-block">AD/6=2/BF=4/AF</p><p class="ql-block">则AF=2BF,AD•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">再证△BDF和△BEC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/BE=BF/BC=DF/CE</p><p class="ql-block">2/BE= BF/6=DF/2</p><p class="ql-block">则DF=BF/3,AD=7/3BF</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x,则7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p> <p class="ql-block">方法八:构造等边△BDG</p><p class="ql-block">环节一证全等</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ABD和△BCE全等</p><p class="ql-block">条件:AB=BC,∠ABD=∠BCE,BD=CE</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">环节二:证∠AFE=60º</p><p class="ql-block">由∠ABF+∠CBE=60º,∠BAD=∠CBE</p><p class="ql-block">则∠ ABF+∠BAD=60º</p><p class="ql-block">因此∠AFE=∠BFD=60º——外角</p><p class="ql-block">环节三:构造等边△BDG</p><p class="ql-block">在BC上截取BG=BD,连接DG</p><p class="ql-block">易证△BDG是等边三角形</p><p class="ql-block">可得∠BGD=60º,BD=BG=DG=2</p><p class="ql-block">环节四:证双相似</p><p class="ql-block">易证△ADG和△ABF相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得AD/AB=AG/AF=DG/BF</p><p class="ql-block">AD/6=4/AF=2/BF</p><p class="ql-block">则AF=2BF,AD•BF=12</p><p class="ql-block">再证△BDF和△BEC相似</p><p class="ql-block">可得BD/BE=BF/BC=DF/CE</p><p class="ql-block">2/BE= BF/6=DF/2</p><p class="ql-block">则DF=BF/3</p><p class="ql-block">设BF=x,则7x²/3=12</p><p class="ql-block">解得x=6√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">AF=12√7/7</p><p class="ql-block">因此C△ABF=6+18√7/7</p>