<p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>寻找林肯总统发表《葛底斯堡演说》的最确切的地方 — 宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡小镇上的“葛底斯堡国家公墓”里。 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>下面⬇️第一张照片中,有一面小小的旗子的地方, 是林肯总统做讲演的真正所在地!</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>下面第二张照片中的砖砌筑的简朴的台子上,很多著名人士做过讲演,但不是林肯演说所在地。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>亚伯拉罕.林肯(Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865),美国第十六任总统(1861-1865)。 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>林肯总统在美国南北战争(1861-1865)时期,以有效的方式,坚定的信念、深远的眼光和完美无缺的政治手腕,成功地引导一个处于分裂的国家度过了其历史上流血最多的内战。 他致力于推进全人类的民主、自由和平等,以最雄辩的语言阐述了人道主义的思想,不失时机地发表《解放黑奴宣言》,因而被后人尊称为“伟大的解放者”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor"></span></b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:right;"><b style="font-size:15px;">取自网絡公开信息。</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><b>1863年11月19日,也就是美国内战中的最血腥的“葛底斯堡战役”结束四个半月之后,林肯在宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡国家公墓揭幕式上发表演说,哀悼在长达五个半月的葛底斯堡之役中阵亡的将士。 现如今“葛底斯堡国家公墓”和“葛底斯堡国家军事公园”皆由美国国家公园管理局维护,成为美国最受敬重的历史性地标。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>林肯总统的《葛底斯堡演说》(Gettysburg Address), 是美国历史上被引用最多的, 对世界文明影响力最大的演说!</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor"></span></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>林肯总统的《葛底斯堡演说》, 虽然是一篇庆祝军事胜利的演说,但它没有好战之气。相反,这是一篇感人肺腑的文字缅怀了在内战中牺牲的人们。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor"></span></b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>林肯此篇演说, 告慰了死者, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>鼓励美国民众为维护国家的完整,</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>开创“自由的新生”。 </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">林肯这篇演讲最精采的是最后一句∶</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>“民有、民治、民享之政体免于凋零”。 </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">“that government of the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">by the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">for the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">shall not perish from this earth”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;"></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">林肯在演讲中, 定义民主为</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">“government of the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">by the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">for the people”;</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">定义共和为</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">“freedom, equality and democracy”,</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">明确地阐释了他的民主思想。</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>多年以后, 孙中山先生以“of the people, by the people, for the people”为基础, 提出了三民主义,即民族、民权、民生, 从而使中国的三民主义在海外深入人心,赢得了国际社会和爱国侨胞的支持,加速了满清王朝的覆灭。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p><p class="ql-block"><b></b></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor"></span></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>将林肯的这篇讲演翻译成中文, 真的是很不容易的。 赵元任,胡适,梁启超都曾尝试过,深感不易,但英文本身却是如此浅白,以致美国人一听即难以忘怀。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">英文原文:</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">Gettysburg Address</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>Abraham Lincoln</b></p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>