亚美利亚之穿越千年的世界遗产埃奇米阿津教堂群、St.Hripsime圣里西梅修道院

<font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><strong><span style="color: red; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “亚美尼亚教堂之母”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Calibri">------</font></span><span style="color: red; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">埃奇米阿津大教堂</span></strong></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#000000"><strong>有故事的地方本身就是风景,亚美利亚国土面积不大,但是在首都之外的几十公里的郊外遍布穿越千年的世界遗产。</strong></font></span> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">埃奇米亚津的教堂和兹瓦尔特诺茨古迹作为世界文化遗产通常被作为整体提及,于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><font face="Calibri">2000</font></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">年正式入选《世界遗产名录》。</span></strong></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>世界遗产委员会评价:埃奇米亚津的教堂和兹瓦尔特诺茨古迹生动地阐述了亚美尼典型教堂的孕育和发展过程,这种中间尖顶、四周圆形风格的教堂对当地的建筑和艺术发展产生了深远的影响。</strong></span> <strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#000000">“埃奇米阿津”亚美尼亚语的意思是“耶稣降临之地”,</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#000000">(Etchmiadzin Cathedral)</font><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">埃奇米阿津主教堂</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#000000">原名圣母主教堂,</font><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">是亚美尼亚第一座古教堂。</span></span></strong> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">传说始建于公元4世纪的埃奇米阿津主教堂的选址是源于梯里达底三世的一个梦境:传说梯里达底三世看到了一个景象,基督从天堂下凡人间,而且手持金斧砸了一块地,并告知他第一个大教堂应建的位置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><font face="Calibri">......</font></span></strong></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">于是在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">301</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">年,梯里达底三世命圣格里高利在亚美尼亚修建了第一座教堂</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mayr Tacha</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">,自此就奠定了其在亚美尼亚教会的地位,成为了亚美尼亚使徒教会的主教堂,被誉为“亚美尼亚教堂之母”,也被认定为全世界最古老的教座堂。</span></strong> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>但是其实埃奇米亚津是一个教堂群的统称,里面有多座修道院,但是其中好几个规模比较大的都在整修。</strong></span></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <strong><span style="color: red; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">埃奇米亚津建筑群</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">入口名叫圣格里高利门,是为纪念格里高利将亚美尼亚成功改宗</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">1700</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">周年而修建的。</span></strong> <strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">巨大的石板门上有两个人物浮雕【国王与主教】,他们面对面,手对手,左边是亚美尼亚国王特拉达三世(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">King Tirdates III</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">),右边是照耀者大主教</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">_</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">格里高利(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">Gregory the Illuminator</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;">),国王从主教手中接过十字架,象征亚美尼亚改宗的神圣场景。</span></strong> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>而大门内、外二侧面的石塔上,分别雕刻有基督、亚拉腊山、诺亚方舟,圣矛这些至高无上宗教题材的元素,彰显了埃奇米亚津在宗教中无比崇高存在地位。</strong></span> <strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-no-proof: yes;">走过长长的通道,正在修葺的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mayr Tacha</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-no-proof: yes;">教堂映入眼帘。通道的一侧间隔矗立着十字架碑刻,这些有着精美雕刻的石碑,充斥在教堂群的每个角落,工艺精湛且不失庄严大气。</span></strong> <strong><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-no-proof: yes;">Mayr Tacha</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-no-proof: yes;">教座堂,是亚美尼亚第一座教堂,教堂里设有宝物馆,里面保存着无双珍宝和圣物,从诺亚方舟上的木片到曾刺入耶稣胸口的矛头,以及千年前彩绘的《福音》书等,这座古老的教堂因其而闻名于世。由于此处也是使徒教会的总堂和亚美尼亚宗主教驻地,又被称为“亚美尼亚的梵蒂冈”。</span></strong> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>看着这座教堂,仿佛就像看到了一部基督教历史书。可惜教堂一直在施工维修中,巨大的脚手架和吊塔立在教堂旁边,但教堂内部的宗教活动并不受影响,而游客就只能在外围参观。</strong></span> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">现存埃奇米亚津母教堂的建筑,据说在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><font face="Calibri">17</font></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">世纪重修,所以教堂北面二层钟楼外墙上,仔细看可以看到一幅人面浮雕</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><font face="Calibri">-----</font></span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">法维王朝的阿巴斯大帝。</span></strong></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>主教堂作为亚美尼亚基督教的中心,每七年举办一次隆重的圣礼仪式。届时,世界上所有的亚美尼亚教堂,都会派人参加,并带走每七年才熬制一次的洗礼油。</strong></span> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>埃奇米亚津母教堂右边有另一座教堂,风格有点不一样。因为是亚美利亚大屠杀纪念日,所以在教堂的小广场上有军人,也有学生来这里举行纪念活动。</strong></span> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>虽然听不懂神父在宣讲什么,但是从他们肃穆的表情,带着孩子来参加活动等等,我就觉得在不忘国耻这件事上,他们似乎比我们做的好,起码关于南京大屠杀纪念活动,我们也是这几年才开始进行,然而其形式似乎没有亚美利亚人搞得更严谨和厚重。</strong></span> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>这座与主教堂风格不一样小教堂,同样为世界文化遗产的一部分,而且开放给游客进去参观拍照(不用闪光灯即可)。</strong></span> <span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font color="#000000"><strong>小教堂整体由彩色凝灰岩石堆建而成,它既不像欧洲哥特教堂那般精致,也不似东正教堂拥有丰满的圆顶,它有着中间是尖顶、四周成圆形的特殊风格,在教堂的正面还装饰着假连拱、雕饰等。</strong></font></span> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>教堂穹顶自然采光很特别,全部都是十字架形状的窗户。</strong></span></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"><strong> </strong></font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>信徒们站在烛光前双手合十闭上双眼,虔诚地向主祷告着。柔和温暖烛光使整个空间仿佛一个极度安宁的世界,浓浓的宗教的氛围,让游客也心生肃然与平和。</strong></span></span></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"><strong> </strong></font> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>幽暗的空间里阳光透过细长的“十字架”窗户斜射进来,白色光柱让幽暗空间带有肃穆感,烛台上的暖色烛光泛着金光,让整个空间充满温情。</strong></span></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>小教堂旁边有一个门,应该是通往外面的小镇,门前面的有一个拱型的建筑物,透过它来拍照非常出片。</strong></span> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>因为埃奇米亚津在亚拉腊山山脚下不远处,所以如果天气晴朗,其实在埃奇米亚津教堂的花园里能够看见亚拉腊山。</strong></span> <span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;"><strong>埃奇米亚津实际上是一个建筑群,院里还有很多小教堂和其他建筑,包括现代化建筑的博物馆、神学院等,若时间充裕,不妨在斑驳的树荫里穿梭,慢慢寻觅。</strong></span> <b>在神学院正门的舞台上,一群青春少艾的男女正在跳集体舞,而且这种集体舞我好想似曾相识,依稀记得在高中的时候,文体活动也曾经跳过这种舞蹈。于是,突然有点恍惚,似乎回到了我年少的那个时代,忍不住录了一段视频。</b> <b>在埃奇米亚津大教堂的西侧有一个博物馆,这是埃奇米阿津亚美尼亚教会总部的珍宝馆,里面藏有圣物,包括从诺亚方舟上的木片残片、刺入耶稣胸口的矛头、钉耶稣的十字架的木片、千年前彩绘的《福音》书等等。可惜我们那天不知道什么原因闭馆,所以只好望馆轻叹了。</b> <b>圣Hripsime教堂是埃奇米阿津教堂群中的一个,是埃奇米阿津的另一座地位显赫的教堂,距离埃奇米阿津主教堂不太远,同样于2000年被世界教科文组织评为世界文化遗产。</b> <h1><font color="#ed2308"><b> 既悲情又悲情的圣里西梅修道院 </b></font></h1> <b>在亚美尼亚这片古老的土地上,基督教的种子早在四世纪前就已播下。作为世界上第一个举国皈依基督教的国家,亚美尼亚的信仰之路充满了传奇和英雄般的牺牲。</b> <b>在埃奇米亚津,这个拥有深厚宗教历史的城市中,几间古老的教堂矗立着,它们不仅是对第一批基督教殉道者的纪念,也是对那些为了信仰不惜一切的修士们的致敬。</b> <b>在这些英勇的先驱者中,修女Hripsime的名字犹如一颗璀璨的星辰,照亮了亚美尼亚基督教的天际。她和她一同殉道的三十多个修女,用自己的鲜血和生命,为基督教在这片土地上的生根发芽提供了肥沃的土壤.</b> <b>St.Hripsime圣里西梅修道院是亚美尼亚现存最古老的教堂之一,17世纪,由主教Komitas建造,是为了纪念修女Hripsime和与她一起的三十多个修女殉道事件的地方。</b> <b>St.Hripsime是亚美尼亚除圣母以外最重要的圣女,传统上被认为是亚美尼亚历史上第一位基督教殉道者。</b> <b>关于修女Hripsime和与她一起殉道的三十多个修女的历史,骇人听闻,而且十分悲壮凄惨,但又耐人寻味:Hripsime 和三十多名修女原本是罗马加耶恩修女的门下弟子,然而,Hripsime 因其出众的容颜吸引了罗马国王戴克里先,为了避免事端,Hripsime 带着同伴们一同离开罗马,先来到了埃及的亚历山大,之后又辗转来到了亚美尼亚的埃奇米亚津,并在此定居。</b> <b>但不幸的是,她们还是被罗马国王戴克里先发现了踪迹。罗马国王戴克里先修书一封,要求亚美尼亚国王 Tiridates III 将 Hripsime 送回罗马,或者让他亲自派人来接。</b> <b>可命运多舛,Hripsime 的美貌再次让亚美尼亚国王 Tiridates III 为之着迷。尽管 Hripsime 言辞坚定地表明自己一心修道,不会婚嫁,但这却激怒了残暴的 Tiridates III。</b> <b>因爱成恨的亚美尼亚国王派出士兵,将她和其他三十多名修女投入地牢,对她们施以最残忍酷刑,最后她们全部惨死,并被抛尸丛林喂野兽。</b> <b>而亚美尼亚国王 Tiridates III 和他的士兵们在殉道者死后,也迅速遭到了报应,他们全都变得疯疯癫癫,跑到森林中如野猪一般在丛林觅食。</b> <b>最后,还是王后请出被困深坑的圣人圣格雷戈,治愈了国王,再引领国王及王后皈依基督教。就这样,世界上第一个信奉基督教为国教的国家诞生了</b> <b>在亚美尼亚把基督教定为国教之后,St. Gayane被亚美尼亚教会封为圣徒,她的坟墓就位于圣Gayane教堂的地下室,游客可以进去参观和拍照。</b> <b>或许是因为殉道者们的殉道过程太过惨烈,ST.Hripsime 修道院始终弥漫着一股难以驱散的阴凉感,尽管如此,这里依然不乏信徒们到来.</b> <b>精细典雅的ST.Hripsime 修道院虽然面积不大,但是也被列为了联合国科教文组织的世界遗迹。</b> <b>教堂里面挂有ST.Hripsime的画像,美丽的容颜,坚定的眼神,千百年过去,似乎眼神中还依然流露着对信仰执着坚守。</b> <b>在这样的教堂里,也许会勾起人们思考生命的脆弱与信仰的坚强,以及那些在历史长河中为了真理而不惜一切代价的英雄们。</b> <b>ST.Hripsime 修道院外面的空地鲜花遍野,尤其是天山红花,火红艳丽,鲜花与粉红色的修道院相互辉映,圣洁而壮美。</b> <b>圣里西梅修道院围墙边的古老石碑,每一块石碑上面雕刻的精细图案,无不显示着教徒们对神,对信仰的尊崇的情感。</b>