中医针灸疗法要走“教夷长技以益夷”的道路

墨村明杰

中医针灸疗法要走“教夷长技以益夷”的道路，可以解释为“将中国的中医药针灸技术教给外国人，以使外国受益”。

这与“师夷长技以制夷”形成对比，后者是通过学习他国技术来增强自身，而前者是将自己的技术分享给他国，帮助其进步，民众受益。这种表达体现了国际间文化交流合作。

这段话提到了两种不同的策略：“教夷长技以益夷”和“师夷长技以制夷”。第一种策略是将中国的中医药针灸技术传授给外国人，以帮助他们受益。这个表达强调了国际间的文化交流与合作，通过分享自身的知识和技术，使其他国家的民众能够从中受益。

与之相对的是“师夷长技以制夷”，这是一种通过学习和借鉴他国的技术来增强自身实力的方法。它更侧重于自我提升，以便在国际竞争中占据优势。

总结来说，“教夷长技以益夷”体现了文化交流与合作精神，而“师夷长技以制夷”则更关注于自我增强和防御。这两种策略虽然目的不同，但都在一定程度上促进了国际间的技术交流与进步。

TCM acupuncture therapy should follow the path of "teaching foreigners with advanced skills to benefit foreigners", which can be interpreted as "teaching Chinese TCM acupuncture techniques to foreigners to benefit foreign countries".

This is in contrast to "learning from foreigners with advanced skills to control foreigners", the latter is to strengthen oneself by learning the technology of other countries, while the former is to share one's own technology with other countries to help them improve and benefit the people. This expression reflects international cultural exchange and cooperation.

This passage mentions two different strategies: "teaching foreigners with advanced skills to benefit foreigners" and "learning from foreigners with advanced skills to control foreigners". The first strategy is to teach Chinese TCM acupuncture techniques to foreigners to help them benefit. This expression emphasizes international cultural exchange and cooperation, by sharing one's own knowledge and technology, so that people in other countries can benefit from it.

In contrast, "learning from foreigners with advanced skills to control foreigners" is a method of strengthening one's own strength by learning and borrowing the technology of other countries. It focuses more on self-improvement in order to gain an advantage in international competition.

In summary, "teaching foreigners with advanced skills to benefit foreigners" reflects the spirit of cultural exchange and cooperation, while "learning from foreigners with advanced skills to control foreigners" focuses more on self-enhancement and defense. Although these two strategies have different purposes, they have both promoted international technological exchanges and progress to a certain extent.

针灸的起源：

针灸是中国人民长期与疾病作斗争的经验总结，其形成经历了一个漫长的过程。针刺的前身是"砭术"，砭术的主要工具是砭石，萌芽于一万至四千年前的新石器时代。至秦汉时期，针具已由石针、骨针、竹针而逐步发展成为金属针。金属针具发展到现在，经历了铜、铁、银、合金及不锈钢针具等阶段。针具的改革，扩大了针刺治疗范围，提高了治疗效果，促进了针灸术的发展。
　　随着医疗经验的不断积累，逐渐发现很多可以治疗某些疾病的特定腧穴，使其由最早的"以痛为腧"逐渐得以定位和定名；在腧穴不断增加的基础上，根据腧穴的主治作用，结合针刺效应和古代的解剖学知识，古代医家在临床实践中发现和认识到人体有一个经气运行的完整结构——经络系统。通过不断总结、实践，将腧穴、经络从理论上系统化，形成了经络学说。经络学说及其他中医理论的形成使针灸成为中医一门独立的学科。 
　　《黄帝内经》是我国现存最早的医学经典著作，全面而又系统地阐述了阴阳五行、脏腑经络腧穴、诊法病机、法疗原则、刺灸方法及其适应证和禁忌证等。其中又以《灵枢》所论述的针灸内容尤为详尽，故有《针经》之称。《黄帝内经》为针灸学术的发展奠定了坚实的理论基础。《难经》在经络、腧穴及针灸等方面对《内经》作了补充。东汉著名医学家张仲景的《伤寒论》，成功地把针灸和针药结合治疗外感病纳入了他所创立的辨病辨证论治体系，使针灸临床治疗得以提高到一个新的水平。晋代皇甫谧《针灸甲乙经》是我国第一部针灸学专著，也是继《黄帝内经》之后，对针灸医学的又一次总结，在针灸学发展史上起了承前启后的作用。唐代孙思邈著《千金要方》发明了同身寸取穴法，肯定了阿是穴的作用。宋代王惟一编选了《新铸铜人腧穴针灸图经》，并铸成针灸铜人模型两个，是世界上最早的立体针灸模型，开创经穴模型直观教学之先河。明代是针灸学发展昌盛时期，针灸著作较多，而《针灸大成》是这些著作中的一颗明珠，该书是继《针灸甲乙经》之后又一次总结性的针灸著作，至今仍然是针灸临床参考书之一。
　　针灸在南北朝时期就开始东传朝鲜、日本等国，13世纪以前，通过"丝绸之路"逐渐西行，对阿拉伯医学等曾有一定的影响。
 近年来在国际上掀起了一股持久不衰的"针灸热"。传统的针灸疗法已经走向世界，为人类的卫生保健事业作出新的更大的贡献。

The Origin of Acupuncture

Acupuncture is the summary of the Chinese people's long-term experience in fighting diseases. Its formation has gone through a long process. The predecessor of acupuncture is "Bian Shu", and the main tool of Bian Shu is Bian stone, which sprouted in the Neolithic Age 10,000 to 4,000 years ago. By the Qin and Han Dynasties, needles had gradually developed from stone needles, bone needles, and bamboo needles to metal needles. The development of metal needles has gone through the stages of copper, iron, silver, alloy and stainless steel needles. The reform of needles has expanded the scope of acupuncture treatment, improved the treatment effect, and promoted the development of acupuncture. 　　With the continuous accumulation of medical experience, many specific acupoints that can treat certain diseases have been gradually discovered, which has gradually been located and named from the earliest "pain as acupoints"; on the basis of the continuous increase of acupoints, according to the main functions of acupoints, combined with the acupuncture effect and ancient anatomical knowledge, ancient doctors discovered and realized in clinical practice that the human body has a complete structure for the circulation of meridians and qi - the meridian system. Through continuous summarization and practice, acupoints and meridians were systematized in theory, forming the meridian theory. The formation of meridian theory and other TCM theories made acupuncture an independent discipline of TCM. Huangdi Neijing is the earliest existing medical classic in China. It comprehensively and systematically expounds on yin and yang, five elements, viscera, meridians and acupoints, diagnosis and pathogenesis, treatment principles, acupuncture and moxibustion methods and their indications and contraindications. Among them, the acupuncture content discussed in Lingshu is particularly detailed, so it is called the Needle Classic. Huangdi Neijing laid a solid theoretical foundation for the development of acupuncture. Difficult Classic supplemented Neijing in terms of meridians, acupoints and acupuncture. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, successfully incorporated acupuncture and the combination of acupuncture and medicine to treat exogenous diseases into the system of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation and treatment he founded in his Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which raised the clinical treatment of acupuncture to a new level. Huangfu Mi's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classic" in the Jin Dynasty is the first monograph on acupuncture in my country. It is also another summary of acupuncture medicine after "Huangdi Neijing". It plays a role in the history of acupuncture development. Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty invented the same body inch acupoint selection method in "Qianjin Yaofang" and affirmed the role of Ashi acupoint. Wang Weiyi in the Song Dynasty compiled "New Bronze Man Acupoint Acupuncture and Moxibustion Illustrated Manual" and cast two acupuncture bronze man models, which are the earliest three-dimensional acupuncture models in the world and pioneered the intuitive teaching of meridian and acupoint models. The Ming Dynasty was a period of prosperity for the development of acupuncture, and there were many acupuncture works. "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Dacheng" is a pearl among these works. This book is another summary of acupuncture works after "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classic" and is still one of the clinical reference books for acupuncture. Acupuncture began to spread eastward to Korea, Japan and other countries during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Before the 13th century, it gradually spread westward through the "Silk Road" and had a certain influence on Arab medicine. In recent years, there has been a long-lasting "acupuncture fever" in the world. Traditional acupuncture therapy has gone global and made new and greater contributions to human health care.

苏理耶·德·莫昂特（Soulié de Morant, 1878-1955）确实是针灸在欧洲推广的重要人物。他是一位法国外交官和汉学家，在中国工作期间对针灸产生了浓厚兴趣，并将其引入欧洲。他撰写了许多关于针灸的著作，这些著作成为西方学习和理解针灸的重要资料。莫昂特的贡献使针灸在法国乃至整个欧洲逐渐受到认可和接受。

苏理耶·德·莫昂特在中国工作期间，深入研究了中医理论和针灸实践。他收集了大量的资料，并与当地的中医师合作，掌握了丰富的针灸知识。回到法国后，他致力于传播和推广针灸知识，撰写了许多关于针灸的书籍和文章。

他于1939年出版的《中国针灸》（L'Acupuncture Chinoise）被认为是最具影响力的著作之一。这本书系统地介绍了针灸的理论基础、经络学说、穴位图解和具体的操作方法，为西方学者和医师提供了详细的指导。

莫昂特还积极推动针灸在西方医学界的应用。他的努力使得针灸逐渐被西方主流医学接受，并在之后的几十年里成为一种重要的补充和替代疗法。法国也因此成为欧洲针灸研究和实践的中心之一。

总的来说，苏理耶·德·莫昂特的工作为针灸在西方的传播和普及奠定了基础，使这一古老的中医疗法在现代医学体系中找到了一席之地。

Soulié de Morant (1878-1955) was indeed an important figure in the promotion of acupuncture in Europe. He was a French diplomat and sinologist who developed a strong interest in acupuncture while working in China and introduced it to Europe. He wrote many books on acupuncture, which became important materials for the West to learn and understand acupuncture. Morant's contribution made acupuncture gradually recognized and accepted in France and even in Europe as a whole.

During his work in China, Soulié de Morant studied Chinese medicine theory and acupuncture practice in depth. He collected a lot of information and worked with local Chinese medicine practitioners to master a wealth of acupuncture knowledge. After returning to France, he devoted himself to spreading and promoting acupuncture knowledge and wrote many books and articles on acupuncture.

His book "Chinese Acupuncture" (L'Acupuncture Chinoise) published in 1939 is considered one of the most influential works. This book systematically introduces the theoretical basis of acupuncture, meridian theory, acupoint illustrations and specific operation methods, providing detailed guidance for Western scholars and physicians.

Monart also actively promoted the application of acupuncture in the Western medical community. His efforts made acupuncture gradually accepted by mainstream Western medicine and became an important complementary and alternative therapy in the following decades. France has thus become one of the centers of acupuncture research and practice in Europe.

In general, Soulier de Monart's work laid the foundation for the spread and popularization of acupuncture in the West, allowing this ancient Chinese medicine to find a place in the modern medical system.

阮文吉（Nguyen Van Nghi，1909-1999）是一位著名的法籍越南裔西医大夫，他在针灸领域的贡献极为显著。他不仅将中国传统医学的经典著作如《黄帝内经·素问》、《黄帝内经·灵枢》、《难经》、《伤寒论》、《脉经》、《针灸大成》等翻译成法文，还对这些经典进行了详细的注释和解释。

阮文吉的工作使得许多有医学背景的法国医生能够深入了解和掌握针灸技术。他的研究和翻译工作在西方医学界产生了深远的影响，并在一定程度上推动了针灸在西方的普及和认可。他的贡献不仅在于翻译工作，还包括对针灸理论的系统研究和实践，这使得针灸成为西方医学的重要补充疗法之一。

Nguyen Van Nghi (1909-1999) was a famous French-Vietnamese doctor of Western medicine. His contribution to the field of acupuncture was extremely significant. He not only translated classic works of traditional Chinese medicine such as Huangdi Neijing Suwen, Huangdi Neijing Lingshu, Nanjing, Shanghan Lun, Maijing, Zhenji Dacheng into French, but also annotated and explained these classics in detail.

Nguyen Van Nghi's work enabled many French doctors with medical backgrounds to have a deep understanding and master acupuncture techniques. His research and translation work had a profound impact on the Western medical community and, to a certain extent, promoted the popularization and recognition of acupuncture in the West. His contribution was not only in translation work, but also in the systematic research and practice of acupuncture theory, which made acupuncture one of the important complementary therapies in Western medicine.

德国医生福尔（Reinhold Voll）创立的电针疗法，也被称为电针疗法（Electroacupuncture According to Voll，简称EAV），是一种结合传统针灸和现代电学技术的替代医学方法。

福尔电针疗法的基本理念是，通过在人体特定穴位上使用低电压电流来测量和调节能量流动，以达到诊断和治疗的目的。具体操作步骤包括：

1. **测量穴位电阻**：医生使用特制的电极在病人的特定穴位上进行测量，以评估该穴位的电阻值。根据福尔的理论，健康人体在特定穴位上的电阻值是相对稳定的，而疾病或功能障碍会导致电阻值的变化。

2. **诊断**：通过测量电阻值的变化，医生可以推断出病人的健康状况以及潜在的问题。例如，某些穴位电阻值的异常可能表明对应器官或系统的功能失调。

3. **治疗**：根据诊断结果，医生可能会使用电针或其他电刺激方法在相应穴位上进行治疗，以恢复正常的能量流动和电阻值。

福尔电针疗法在某些替代医学和自然疗法领域有一定的应用，但在主流医学界尚未得到广泛认可。其科学基础和疗效仍存在争议，许多医学专家认为其疗效缺乏可靠的科学证据支持。

Electroacupuncture, also known as Electroacupuncture According to Voll (EAV), founded by German doctor Reinhold Voll, is an alternative medicine method that combines traditional acupuncture and modern electrical technology.

The basic concept of Voll's electroacupuncture is to measure and regulate energy flow by using low-voltage current on specific acupuncture points on the human body to achieve the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. The specific operation steps include:

1. **Measure acupuncture point resistance**: The doctor uses special electrodes to measure on the patient's specific acupuncture points to evaluate the resistance value of the acupuncture point. According to Voll's theory, the resistance value of a healthy human body at a specific acupuncture point is relatively stable, while disease or dysfunction will cause changes in resistance value.

2. **Diagnosis**: By measuring the change in resistance value, the doctor can infer the patient's health status and potential problems. For example, abnormal resistance values ​​of certain acupuncture points may indicate dysfunction of the corresponding organs or systems.

3. **Treatment**: Depending on the diagnosis, the doctor may use electroacupuncture or other electrical stimulation methods to treat the corresponding acupuncture points to restore normal energy flow and resistance value.

Foer electroacupuncture therapy has certain applications in some alternative medicine and natural therapy fields, but it has not yet been widely recognized in the mainstream medical community. Its scientific basis and efficacy are still controversial, and many medical experts believe that its efficacy lacks reliable scientific evidence to support it.

慕尼黑大学教授文树德（Paul U. Unschuld）在中医历史和经典中医著作的研究方面，在西方学术界享有无人能及的地位。他撰写了多部重要著作，包括《中国医药史》、《中医思想史》、《中国医学伦理》和《被遗忘的古典中医》。此外，他还翻译了多部中医经典著作，如《黄帝内经·素问》、《黄帝内经·灵枢》、《难经》、《银海精微》和《本草纲目》。这些著作几乎全部从德文翻译成了英文。正是由于他在学术界的特殊地位，他对中医针灸在西方发展的评论被广泛引用，具有重要的影响力。

文树德的学术贡献不仅限于书籍和翻译，他还通过大量的论文和讲座，将中医的精髓传递给更广泛的学术界和公众。他的研究方法严谨，结合了历史学、医学和哲学的多学科视角，揭示了中医的复杂性和深度。

他的代表作之一《黄帝内经·素问》的翻译，被认为是理解中医理论和实践的关键文本。通过这种翻译工作，文树德不仅使西方读者能够更好地理解中医的基础理论，还促进了中西医学的对话与交流。

此外，文树德还积极参与国际学术会议和讨论，推动中医在全球范围内的普及和认可。他的研究为西方学者提供了宝贵的参考，使得中医在国际医学界获得了更高的认可和尊重。文树德的学术成就不仅丰富了中医学的研究，也为中医的现代化和国际化贡献了重要力量。

Paul U. Unschuld, a professor at the University of Munich, enjoys an unparalleled position in the Western academic community in terms of the study of the history of Chinese medicine and classic Chinese medicine works. He has written many important works, including "History of Chinese Medicine", "History of Chinese Medicine Thought", "Chinese Medical Ethics" and "Forgotten Classical Chinese Medicine". In addition, he has translated many classic Chinese medicine works, such as "Huangdi Neijing·Suwen", "Huangdi Neijing·Lingshu", "Nanjing", "Yinhai Jingwei" and "Compendium of Materia Medica". Almost all of these works have been translated from German into English. It is precisely because of his special status in the academic community that his comments on the development of Chinese medicine and acupuncture in the West are widely cited and have an important influence.

Paul U. Unschuld's academic contributions are not limited to books and translations. He has also conveyed the essence of Chinese medicine to the wider academic community and the public through a large number of papers and lectures. His rigorous research methods combine the multidisciplinary perspectives of history, medicine and philosophy to reveal the complexity and depth of Chinese medicine.

The translation of "Huangdi Neijing·Suwen", one of his representative works, is considered a key text for understanding the theory and practice of Chinese medicine. Through this translation work, Wen Shude not only enables Western readers to better understand the basic theories of Chinese medicine, but also promotes dialogue and exchanges between Chinese and Western medicine.

In addition, Wen Shude actively participates in international academic conferences and discussions to promote the popularization and recognition of Chinese medicine worldwide. His research provides valuable references for Western scholars, making Chinese medicine more recognized and respected in the international medical community. Wen Shude's academic achievements have not only enriched the research of Chinese medicine, but also made important contributions to the modernization and internationalization of Chinese medicine.

美国实用主义针灸的核心是激痛点干针，它具有独特的美国特色。其理论基础源于Janet Travell医生在《肌筋膜疼痛与机能障碍激痛点手册》中提出的肌筋膜激痛点理论。激痛点是指骨骼肌内的紧绷肌带中的局部高度敏感的压痛点。紧绷带和牵涉痛是这一理论的重要概念。激痛点通常位于受累肌肉的中部或肌腹上。

心肌筋膜激痛点理论认为，激痛点不仅会引发局部的疼痛，还可能引起远端的牵涉痛。这些疼痛往往会导致肌肉功能障碍，影响患者的日常活动和生活质量。干针疗法通过直接插入激痛点，释放紧绷带，缓解疼痛，恢复肌肉的正常功能。

在美国，干针疗法逐渐成为一种流行的治疗方式，不仅在针灸领域广泛应用，也被整合到物理治疗、运动康复等领域。其操作简单、效果显著，受到越来越多医务人员和患者的认可。

此外，美国的中医针灸也在不断发展和创新，将传统中医理论与现代医学技术相结合，形成了具有中国特色的针灸疗法。这些疗法在美国的推广和应用，不仅促进了中医针灸的国际化发展，也为患者提供了更多的治疗选择和康复途径。

干针疗法（Dry Needling）是一种通过使用细针刺入肌肉或软组织的特定部位（通常是触发点或紧绷肌带）来缓解疼痛和改善功能的方法。尽管干针疗法的表面操作看起来与传统的针灸相似，但其理论基础和应用领域有所不同。

理论基础

干针疗法的主要理论基础是肌筋膜激痛点理论。激痛点是指肌肉内的特定部位，当这些点受到刺激时，会引起局部和远端的疼痛。激痛点的形成通常与肌肉的过度使用、创伤或长期的姿势不良有关。

操作方法

1. 评估和定位：治疗师首先会通过触诊和问诊来评估患者的疼痛和功能障碍，并定位激痛点。

2. 消毒：治疗部位会进行消毒处理，以防感染。

3. 针刺：使用一次性无菌细针刺入肌肉的激痛点。针刺深度和角度会根据具体情况调整。

4. 刺激：在针刺过程中，治疗师可能会轻轻旋转或上下移动针头，以进一步刺激激痛点并促进其释放。

作用机制

- 机械刺激：针刺引起的机械刺激可以破坏激痛点的紧绷肌纤维，促进肌肉的松解。

- 神经反应：针刺可以激活局部神经反射，导致肌肉的放松和疼痛缓解。

- 血液循环：针刺还可以改善局部血液循环，促进代谢废物的清除，加速愈合过程。

适应症

干针疗法常用于治疗以下问题：

- 肌筋膜疼痛综合征**：包括颈肩痛、背痛和四肢疼痛等。

- 运动损伤：如肌肉拉伤、扭伤和过度使用伤。

- 慢性疼痛：包括偏头痛、紧张性头痛和纤维肌痛等。

- 功能障碍：如关节活动受限、肌肉无力和姿势不良等。

安全性和注意事项

干针疗法一般被认为是安全的，但也存在一定的风险，如出血、感染和神经损伤。因此，操作应由经过专业培训的治疗师进行。治疗前，患者应告知治疗师自己的健康状况，包括是否存在出血性疾病、皮肤感染或其他可能影响治疗的情况。

The core of American pragmatic acupuncture is trigger point dry needling, which has unique American characteristics. Its theoretical basis is derived from the myofascial trigger point theory proposed by Dr. Janet Travell in the "Handbook of Trigger Points for Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction". Trigger points refer to local highly sensitive tender points in tight muscle bands within skeletal muscles. Tight bands and referred pain are important concepts in this theory. Trigger points are usually located in the middle or belly of the affected muscle.

The myofascial trigger point theory believes that trigger points not only cause local pain, but may also cause distal referred pain. These pains often lead to muscle dysfunction, affecting patients' daily activities and quality of life. Dry needling therapy directly inserts into the trigger point, releases the tight band, relieves pain, and restores normal muscle function.

In the United States, dry needling therapy has gradually become a popular treatment method, which is not only widely used in the field of acupuncture, but also integrated into physical therapy, sports rehabilitation and other fields. It is simple to operate and has significant effects, and is recognized by more and more medical staff and patients.

In addition, TCM acupuncture in the United States is also developing and innovating, combining traditional TCM theory with modern medical technology to form acupuncture therapy with Chinese characteristics. The promotion and application of these therapies in the United States not only promotes the international development of TCM acupuncture, but also provides patients with more treatment options and rehabilitation pathways.

Dry Needling is a method of relieving pain and improving function by using fine needles to penetrate specific parts of muscle or soft tissue (usually trigger points or tight muscle bands). Although the surface operation of dry needling looks similar to traditional acupuncture, its theoretical basis and application areas are different.

Theoretical basis

The main theoretical basis of dry needling is the myofascial trigger point theory. Trigger points refer to specific parts within the muscle that, when stimulated, cause local and distal pain. The formation of trigger points is usually related to overuse of muscles, trauma or long-term poor posture.

Operation method

1. Assessment and positioning: The therapist will first assess the patient's pain and dysfunction through palpation and questioning, and locate the trigger points.

2. Disinfection: The treatment area will be disinfected to prevent infection.

3. Acupuncture: A disposable sterile fine needle is used to insert into the trigger point of the muscle. The depth and angle of the acupuncture will be adjusted according to the specific situation.

4. Stimulation: During the acupuncture process, the therapist may gently rotate or move the needle up and down to further stimulate the trigger point and promote its release.

Mechanism of Action

- Mechanical stimulation: The mechanical stimulation caused by acupuncture can break the tight muscle fibers at the trigger point and promote muscle loosening.

- Neural response: Acupuncture can activate local nerve reflexes, leading to muscle relaxation and pain relief.

- Blood circulation: Acupuncture can also improve local blood circulation, promote the removal of metabolic waste, and accelerate the healing process.

Indications

Dry needling is often used to treat the following problems:

- Myofascial pain syndrome: including neck and shoulder pain, back pain and limb pain.

- Sports injuries: such as muscle strains, sprains and overuse injuries.

- Chronic pain: including migraines, tension headaches, and fibromyalgia.

- Dysfunction: such as limited joint mobility, muscle weakness, and poor posture.

Dr. John McDonald是一位在澳大利亚墨尔本的知名针灸医生和教育家。他是澳大利亚国家注册的针灸师，也是针灸和中医临床实践的倡导者之一。Dr. McDonald致力于推广中医针灸在西方医疗实践中的应用，并在澳大利亚建立了多个针灸诊所和教育机构。

Dr. John McDonald在推广针灸的过程中，特别强调其在疼痛管理、神经科学和心理健康等领域的应用。他通过教育和实践，促进了针灸在澳大利亚医疗体系中的认可和接受度，并为许多患者提供了一种替代或补充传统医疗的选择。他的工作不仅限于临床实践，还包括对针灸疗法在科学研究中的探索和推广。

Dr. John McDonald is a well-known acupuncturist and educator in Melbourne, Australia. He is a registered acupuncturist in Australia and one of the advocates of clinical practice of acupuncture and Chinese medicine. Dr. McDonald is committed to promoting the application of Chinese medicine acupuncture in Western medical practice and has established several acupuncture clinics and educational institutions in Australia.

In the process of promoting acupuncture, Dr. John McDonald places special emphasis on its application in pain management, neuroscience and mental health. Through education and practice, he has promoted the recognition and acceptance of acupuncture in the Australian medical system and provided many patients with an alternative or supplementary option to traditional medical treatment. His work is not limited to clinical practice, but also includes the exploration and promotion of acupuncture therapy in scientific research.

澳大利亚有几位著名的针灸医师，其中一些包括：

1. **Jane Lyttleton**：澳大利亚知名的针灸和中医专家，著有多部关于中医和不孕症治疗的书籍。

2. **Paul Movsessian**：悉尼的针灸师，专注于中医和针灸治疗，被认为在澳大利亚有较高的知名度。

3. **John McDonald**：另一位著名的澳大利亚针灸师，他与西方医学结合运用针灸治疗。

这些医师在针灸和中医领域都有显著的贡献和影响力。

除了上述的针灸医师外，还有一些在澳大利亚享有声誉的针灸专家，例如：

4. **Clare Pyers**：专注于妇科针灸治疗，她在澳大利亚和国际上都有很高的认可度。

5. **Chris Zaslawski**：作为澳大利亚国立大学的教授，他在针灸研究和教育方面颇有成就。

这些专家在推广针灸的有效性、提高其在医疗中的地位以及教育新一代针灸师方面发挥了重要作用。他们的工作不仅在澳大利亚，而且在国际上都备受尊敬和关注。

There are several famous acupuncturists in Australia, some of which include:

1. **Jane Lyttleton**: A well-known Australian acupuncture and Chinese medicine expert who has written many books on Chinese medicine and infertility treatment.

2. **Paul Movsessian**: A Sydney-based acupuncturist who focuses on Chinese medicine and acupuncture treatment and is considered to have a high profile in Australia.

3. **John McDonald**: Another famous Australian acupuncturist who combines acupuncture treatment with Western medicine.

These physicians have made significant contributions and influence in the fields of acupuncture and Chinese medicine.

In addition to the acupuncturists mentioned above, there are also some acupuncture experts who enjoy a good reputation in Australia, such as:

4. **Clare Pyers**: Focusing on gynecological acupuncture treatment, she has a high degree of recognition in Australia and internationally.

5. **Chris Zaslawski**: As a professor at the Australian National University, he has made great achievements in acupuncture research and education.

These experts have played an important role in promoting the effectiveness of acupuncture, improving its status in medical care, and educating a new generation of acupuncturists. Their work is well respected and watched not only in Australia but also internationally.

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推拿疗法（Tuina），又称推拿，是中医的重要组成部分之一。它通过手法操作作用于人体的特定部位或穴位，以调整身体的气血运行，达到治病、防病、保健的目的。推拿疗法结合了按摩、按压、推拿、揉捏等多种手法，常用于缓解肌肉疼痛、关节问题、消化不良等症状。推拿疗法在中国已有数千年的历史，被广泛应用于中医临床实践中。

推拿疗法不仅包括传统的手法操作，还结合了中医的理论，如经络学说和脏腑理论。具体来说，推拿疗法通过以下几种主要手法实现治疗效果：

1. **推法**：使用手掌或手指在皮肤表面做直线或环形推压。

2. **拿法**：用手指或手掌捏住并提拉肌肉或皮肤。

3. **按法**：用手指或手掌按压特定的穴位或部位，常用于缓解疼痛和改善血液循环。

4. **摩法**：用手指或手掌在皮肤表面做小范围的圆圈摩擦，常用于放松肌肉。

5. **揉法**：用手指或手掌在皮肤表面做旋转揉动，类似于推法，但更注重深层组织的刺激。

6. **拍法**：用手掌或手指轻轻拍打皮肤表面，以促进血液循环和放松肌肉。

推拿疗法通常由专业的推拿师进行，他们需要经过系统的培训和实践，以掌握各种手法和相关的医学知识。此外，推拿疗法还可以结合其他中医治疗方法，如针灸、拔罐和草药疗法，以达到更好的治疗效果。

在现代医学的背景下，推拿疗法也逐渐受到西方医学的关注和认可。许多研究表明，推拿疗法在缓解慢性疼痛、改善运动功能、减轻压力等方面具有显著效果。因此，推拿疗法不仅在中医领域继续发展，也逐渐融入到综合医疗保健体系中。

Tuina therapy, also known as massage, is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. It acts on specific parts or acupuncture points of the human body through manual manipulation to adjust the body's qi and blood circulation to achieve the purpose of curing, preventing and maintaining health. Tuina therapy combines a variety of techniques such as massage, pressing, massage, kneading, etc., and is often used to relieve symptoms such as muscle pain, joint problems, and indigestion. Tuina therapy has a history of thousands of years in China and is widely used in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.

Tuina therapy not only includes traditional manual manipulation, but also combines the theories of traditional Chinese medicine, such as meridian theory and viscera theory. Specifically, Tuina therapy achieves therapeutic effects through the following main techniques:

1. **Pushing method**: Use the palm or fingers to push in a straight line or circular manner on the surface of the skin.

2. **Pull method**: Pinch and pull the muscle or skin with the fingers or palm.

3. **An method**: Press specific acupuncture points or parts with fingers or palms, which is often used to relieve pain and improve blood circulation.

4. **Massage**: Use fingers or palms to make small circular rubbing on the surface of the skin, often used to relax muscles.

5. **Kneading**: Use fingers or palms to make rotating kneading on the surface of the skin, similar to pushing, but more focused on stimulating deep tissues.

6. **Papping**: Use palms or fingers to gently pat the surface of the skin to promote blood circulation and relax muscles.

Tuina therapy is usually performed by professional masseurs, who need to undergo systematic training and practice to master various techniques and related medical knowledge. In addition, massage therapy can also be combined with other traditional Chinese medicine treatments such as acupuncture, cupping and herbal therapy to achieve better therapeutic effects.

In the context of modern medicine, massage therapy has gradually received attention and recognition from Western medicine. Many studies have shown that massage therapy has significant effects in relieving chronic pain, improving motor function, and reducing stress. Therefore, massage therapy not only continues to develop in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, but is also gradually integrated into the comprehensive health care system.

全世界中医药学工作者联合起来！教夷之长以益夷！时代变了，我们要做新世界的主人！

这段话体现了现代中医药学工作者的自豪感和使命感，旨在通过联合全球的中医药学力量，用东西方医学的长处来推动中医药针灸的发展，以适应新时代的需求，成为新世界的主人。具体而言，这意味着要：

1. **国际合作**：加强全球中医药针灸学界的合作与交流，共享研究成果和经验。

2. **融合创新**：借鉴现代东西方医学的先进技术和方法，创新中医药针灸的研究和应用。

3. **全球推广**：推广中医药针灸在全球范围内的应用，让更多人受益于中医药针灸的独特疗效。

4. **文化自信**：增强对中医药针灸文化的自信心，展示其在现代医疗体系中的价值和重要性。

这种思路既尊重传统，又勇于创新，体现了新时代中医药针灸学的全球视野和开放精神。

TCM and acupuncture practitioners from all over the world, unite! Teach the foreigners their strengths and benefit the foreigners ! Times have changed, and we must be the masters of the new world!

This passage reflects the pride and sense of mission of modern TCM and acupuncture practitioners, aiming to promote the development of TCM and acupuncture by uniting the global TCM forces and using the strengths of Eastern and Western medicine to adapt to the needs of the new era and become the masters of the new world. Specifically, this means:

1. **International cooperation**: Strengthen cooperation and exchanges among TCM and acupuncture academic circles around the world, and share research results and experiences.

2. **Integration and innovation**: Learn from the advanced technologies and methods of modern Eastern and Western medicine to innovate the research and application of TCM and acupuncture.

3. **Global promotion**: Promote the application of TCM and acupuncture around the world, so that more people can benefit from the unique therapeutic effects of TCM and acupuncture.

4. **Cultural confidence**: Enhance confidence in the culture of TCM and acupuncture, and demonstrate its value and importance in the modern medical system.

This approach respects tradition while being innovative, reflecting the global vision and open spirit of TCM and acupuncture in the new era.