<p class="ql-block">吕贝克是一座位于德国北部的中世纪城市，以其保存完好的中世纪建筑而闻名，她不仅是汉萨同盟的重要成员，而且在历史上曾是波罗的海地区最大的港口和贸易中心。</p><p class="ql-block">https://www.luebeck.de</p> <p class="ql-block">1987 年，联合国教科文组织首次将汉萨同盟城市吕贝克的中世纪市中心列为北欧的世界遗产。老城中历经数世纪发展而成的建筑结构，以众多杰出的单体建筑为特色，使吕贝克成为具有全球意义的建筑遗产。入选的决定性因素包括规划的城市布局，具有历史街道和广场的空间结构，老城区未遭破坏区域的原始历史建筑，以及拥有七座宏伟教堂塔楼的醒目且独特的城市天际线。</p> <p class="ql-block">In 1987, UNESCO designated the medieval city center of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck as a World Heritage Site for the first time in Northern Europe. The building fabric in the old town, which has grown over the centuries and is characterized by many outstanding individual buildings, identifies Lübeck as an architectural heritage of global significance. Decisive factors for the inclusion were the planned urban layout with the historic spatial structures of the streets and squares, the original historic buildings in the undestroyed areas of the old town and the striking and unmistakable city skyline with the seven towers of the monumental churches.</p> <p class="ql-block">这座老城保存下来的区域整体呈现出汉萨同盟城市的中世纪结构，是一座高级别的欧洲古迹。老城的整体印象因独特的建筑亮点而得以提升，包括宗教建筑和世俗建筑，而城市独特的轮廓及其七座教堂塔楼所展现出的综合效果更是令人印象深刻。</p> <p class="ql-block">"The preserved quarters of the old town as a whole represent the medieval structure of the Hanseatic city and embody a high-ranking European monument. The overall impression of the old town is enhanced by individual architectural highlights, both ecclesiastical and secular, while the combined effect is revealed by the unique silhouette of the city with its seven church towers."</p> <p class="ql-block">老城区的中心四面环水，部分由城墙和公园作为补充。尽管在第二次世界大战期间遭受了破坏，但其基本的城市结构，包括 15 和 16 世纪的贵族房屋，以及公共纪念碑（著名的霍尔斯坦门）、教堂、盐屋和仓库，仍保持不变。直到今天，这座城镇的布局仍清晰可辨，是一件和谐、完整的艺术作品，其独特的轮廓从远处就能看到。</p> <p class="ql-block">"The heart of the old town is surrounded by water on all sides, partly complemented by ramparts and parks. Despite the damage it suffered during the Second World War, the basic urban structure, consisting of patrician houses from the 15th and 16th centuries, as well as public monuments (the famous Holsten Gate), churches, salt houses and warehouses, has remained unchanged. To this day, the town's layout is clearly recognizable as a harmonious, complete work of art, and its unique silhouette can be seen from afar."</p> <p class="ql-block">吕贝克老城内耸立着五座大教堂（ 圣佩特利教堂、圣玛丽教堂、吕贝克大教堂、艾格帝教堂、雅可比教堂），教堂由七座高耸的塔楼构成 ，因此吕贝克也被称为 “七塔之城”。</p> <p class="ql-block">吕贝克虽然不大，却诞生了3位诺贝尔奖得主：</p><p class="ql-block">Thomas Mann 托马斯·曼（Literaturnobelpreis 诺贝尔文学奖 1929年）， </p><p class="ql-block">Willy Brandt 维利·勃兰特（Friedensnobelpreis 诺贝尔和平奖1971年），</p><p class="ql-block">Günter Grass 君特·格拉斯（Literaturnobelpreis诺贝尔文学奖 1999年)。</p> <p class="ql-block">老城中融合了哥特式、文艺复兴时期、巴洛克式和古典主义等各种元素的建筑古迹，形成了独特的城市景观。</p> <p class="ql-block">荷尔斯滕门(Holstentor)是吕贝克的地标。 荷尔斯滕门当年主要用作战争时期的 防御建筑，如今是 吕贝克唯一保存完好的城门，也是德国最著名、最重要的中世纪后期的城门之一。</p> <p class="ql-block">The Holsten Gate ("Holstein Gate") is probably the best-known and most important surviving city gate from the late Middle Ages in Germany. It is a city gate that borders the city center of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck to the west. The late Gothic building is one of the remains of the fortifications of Lübeck's city fortifications. Alongside the castle gate, it is the only surviving city gate in Lübeck.</p> <p class="ql-block">圣灵养老院 Heiligen Geisn Hospital建于1286年，全世界最古老的社会福利机构和吕贝克最有价值的建筑物之一。</p> <p class="ql-block">市政厅建于公元13世纪，其较老旧的建筑是哥特式的，今日所看到的文艺复兴样式的部分则是十六世纪时的加建。</p> <p class="ql-block">吕贝克木偶剧院博物馆坐落于一条隐蔽的街道上，临近霍尔斯滕门，收藏有三个世纪以来三个大陆（欧洲、亚洲和非洲）的上千件木偶。</p> <p class="ql-block">圣佩特利教堂（Petrikirche）1225年起建，哥特式教堂，108米高，现主要作为高雅文化艺术和音乐会场地。</p> <p class="ql-block">圣佩特利教堂的内部纯净洁白神圣，与其说是教堂圣物，不如说是一件后现代艺术品。教堂常被用作现代美术展与音乐会的场地。</p> <p class="ql-block">乘电梯上五十米高处的观景塔可欣赏到吕贝克全城及郊区风景。</p>