<p data-mid="" mpa-is-content="t">肺腺癌相关因素分析</h3></br> <h3> 恶性肺结节的主要病理类型以腺癌为主,其发展过程表现为从原位癌逐步向微浸润腺癌转变,最终发展为浸润腺癌。现有研究已证实,年龄是恶性肺结节发生的关键因素。通过深入分析数据,我们发现浸润腺癌患者的年龄普遍高于原位癌和微浸润腺癌患者,而原位癌与微浸润腺癌患者的平均年龄并无显著差异。这提示我们,随着年龄的递增,恶性肺结节的恶性程度可能也会相应增加。</h3></br><h3><strong>病例1:男性,61岁。</strong></h3></br><h3> <h3>上图病例1:(右肺中叶肺癌组织)低分化腺癌。右肺中叶外侧段见团块状软组织肿块影,大小约3.3cm×3.5cm,边界较清,可见不规则浅分叶;增强三期扫描肿块呈中度较均匀强化。免疫组化(每一项免疫组化均设外部阳性及阴性对照): 2号#:异型细胞 CD56(小灶+),CK5/6(-),CK7(部分+),EGFR(+),Ki-67(阳性率约20%),Napsin A(+),P40(-),P63(-),TTF-1(+)。原位杂交:EBER(-)。</h3></br><h3><strong>病例2: 男性,61岁。 </strong></h3></br><h3> <h3>上图:男性,61岁。右肺下叶结节,局部胸膜牵拉凹陷。</h3></br><h3> <h3>上图:同一病例,复查病灶增大,分叶凹陷及毛刺征,病理诊断低分化腺癌。 </h3></br><h3><strong>病例3:女性,57岁。</strong></h3></br><h3> <h3>上图:淋巴管间质增厚呈结节状及网格影,支气管增厚似袖套。</h3></br><h3> <h3>上图:腺癌。右肺下叶团块影,支气管截断。</h3></br><h3> Roy[1]等人(2017)的研究进一步指出,亚裔人群罹患恶性结节的风险较高。在243例疑似恶性的磨玻璃结节病例中,亚裔女性腺癌的确诊率高达100%,亚裔男性为86%。相比之下,同一研究中的非亚裔女性为84%,非亚裔男性为77%。这些数据强烈暗示,亚洲女性更容易罹患恶性肺结节。此外,还有研究显示,吸烟或长期吸烟与恶性肺结节的发生具有关联。</h3></br><h3> 针对不同数据集的分析,BCCA验证数据集[2]显示右肺上叶的恶性结节概率最高(1.4%),其次是左肺下叶(1.3%)。而PanCan数据集[2]则指出左肺上叶恶性结节出现的概率最高(1.9%),其次是右肺下叶(1.7%)。在恶性肺结节的三种病理类型中,除了EGFR19、21外显子,BRAF、HER2(20ins)、MAP2K1和TP53外,其他驱动基因突变的频率并未发现显著差异。值得注意的是,约有2%~3%的肺腺癌患者存在HER2突变。 </h3></br><h3> Subramanian和Brazel等人(2021-2022)的研究表明[3],HER2(20ins)能够使HER2激酶持续激活,从而引发癌症。因此,它们被归类为驱动致癌突变。这些发现对于深入理解和有效预防恶性肺结节具有重要的指导意义。</h3></br><h3><strong>参考文献:</strong></h3></br><h3>1. Roy E, Shrager J, Benson J,et al. Retrospective review of risk of adenocarcinoma in patients with suspicious ground-glass opacity. J Thorac Dis. 2022;14(11):4236-4245.</h3></br><h3>2. McWilliams A, Tammemagi MC, Mayo JR, et al. Probability of cancer in pulmonary nodules detected on first screening CT. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(10):910-919.</h3></br><h3>3. Network CGAR. Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma. 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