<p class="ql-block">History of Yunnan Railway Postal Service(1901-1950)</p> <p class="ql-block">背景:1885年中法战争后，法国逐渐攫取了对越南的“保护权”及云南铁路的修筑权。1903年法国与清政府签订《滇越铁路章程》，将越南铁路延伸修入云南境内。</p> <p class="ql-block">Background: After the Sino French War in 1885, France gradually gained the "right to protect" Vietnam and the right to build Yunnan railways. In 1903, France and the Qing government signed the Yunnan Vietnam Railway Regulations, extending the construction of the Vietnamese railway into Yunnan.</p> <p class="ql-block">滇越铁路滇段(河口-云南府)于1904年初开工，1909年4月15日通至碧色寨，大清蒙自邮局即派员上车开办火车邮局，是为云南铁路邮政之肇始。1910年全线通车后云南府邮政总局与法国滇越铁路公司订立合约，开通滇越国际火车邮路。</p> <p class="ql-block">The Yunnan section of the Yunnan Vietnam Railway (from Hekou to Yunnan Prefecture) started construction in early 1904 and was connected to Bishezhai on April 15, 1909. The Qing Dynasty's Mengzi Post Office immediately dispatched personnel to open a train post office, marking the beginning of Yunnan Railway Postal Service. After the entire line was opened to traffic in 1910, the Yunnan Provincial Post Office signed a contract with the French Yunnan Vietnam Railway Company to open the Yunnan Vietnam International Railway and postal route.</p> <p class="ql-block">1921年11月个壁(个旧-壁虱寨)铁路竣工通车，中华邮政随即开通火车邮路，1926年又从鸡街修支线至石屏，邮路随之扩展。1941年川滇(昆明-叙府)铁路修至曲靖，通车运邮，1944年6月1日延伸至沾益。</p> <p class="ql-block">In November 1921, the Gebi (Gejiu Biluzhai) railway was completed and opened to traffic, and China Post immediately opened a railway postal route. In 1926, a branch line was built from Jijie to Shiping, and the postal route expanded accordingly. In 1941, the Sichuan Yunnan (Kunming Xufu) Railway was repaired to Qujing and opened for postal transportation. It was extended to Zhanyi on June 1, 1944.</p> <p class="ql-block">1940年9月为阻止日军从越南入侵云南，国民政府炸毁河口-老街铁路大桥，滇越铁路阻断，火车邮路缩至碧色寨。1949年12月9日云南和平解放，铁路邮政暂沿旧制，照原运行，</p> <p class="ql-block">In September 1940, in order to prevent the Japanese invasion of Yunnan from Vietnam, the Nationalist government bombed the Hekou Laojie Railway Bridge, blocked the Yunnan Vietnam Railway, and reduced the railway and postal routes to Bishezhai. On December 9, 1949, Yunnan was peacefully liberated, and the railway postal service temporarily followed the old system and operated as before,</p> <p class="ql-block">目的和范围:1.这是目前国内唯一单独展示某一省份近代铁路邮政史的邮集，是作者近30年的研究成果。</p> <p class="ql-block">Purpose and Scope: 1. This is the only postal collection in China that independently showcases the modern railway postal history of a certain province, and is the author's research achievement over the past 30 years.</p> <p class="ql-block">2.云南是国内唯一同时拥有米轨、寸轨两种不同轨距火车邮路的省份且铁路邮政服务较之其他省份最为丰富，具有独立性。</p> <p class="ql-block">2. Yunnan is the only province in China that has both meter gauge and inch gauge railway postal routes, and its railway postal services are the most abundant compared to other provinces, with independence.</p> <p class="ql-block">3.云南地处西南边陲，唯一的出海口是借道越南的海防港，滇越铁路的开通促进了云南近代邮政的发展以及与世界的交流，尤其抗战初期，华北、华南、东南沿海一带相继沦陷，滇越铁路做为当时中国唯一的国际运输通道发挥了重要作用。</p> <p class="ql-block">3. Yunnan is located on the southwestern border, and its only outlet to the sea is through the Haiphong Port in Vietnam. The opening of the Yunnan Vietnam Railway promoted the development of Yunnan's modern postal service and communication with the world, especially during the early stages of the Anti Japanese War when the coastal areas of North China, South China, and Southeast China were successively occupied. The Yunnan Vietnam Railway, as the only international transportation channel in China at that time, played an important role.</p> <p class="ql-block">处理和个人研究:本邮集从大清云南邮政总局开辟的第一条滇越国际步班邮路开始，对云南铁路邮政史前建设，创办和拓展，以及战争影响等分别以时间为主线进行了展示。</p> <p class="ql-block">Processing and personal research: Starting from the first Yunnan Vietnam international postal route opened by the Yunnan Postal Administration in the Qing Dynasty, this collection showcases the prehistoric construction, establishment and expansion of Yunnan railway postal services, as well as the impact of war, with a focus on time.</p> <p class="ql-block">作者对云南铁路邮政创办前后的邮政服务，法客邮火车邮局分段运行方式以及云南火车邮局使用的业务戳记等进行了深入地研究，并提出了新的观点。</p> <p class="ql-block">The author conducted in-depth research on the postal services before and after the establishment of Yunnan Railway Post, the segmented operation mode of French passenger postal train post office, and the business stamps used by Yunnan Railway Post, and proposed new perspectives.</p> <p class="ql-block">珍罕性:由于中国早期铁路邮政史的研究长期缺乏重视，鲜有系统性的资料支持，造成相关邮品存世罕少。作者经过近30年的收集，有关云南铁路邮政的重要素材大部分被收入，</p> <p class="ql-block">Rare: Due to the lack of attention to the study of early railway postal history in China and the lack of systematic data support, the existence of related postal products is rare. After nearly 30 years of collection, the author has collected most of the important materials related to Yunnan Railway Postal Service,</p> <p class="ql-block">复制难度极高。在“计划”栏目中每个章节的重要素材均用文字标注了存世情况。</p> <p class="ql-block">The replication difficulty is extremely high. The important materials of each chapter in the "Plan" column are annotated with text to indicate their survival status.</p> <p class="ql-block">计划</p><p class="ql-block">第一章云南铁路邮政史前及创办</p><p class="ql-block">主要内容:大清邮政滇越步班国际邮路;河口至云南府马车邮路;大清与法属安南国际邮件交换局铁路沿线临时邮局:铁路邮政的创办:法国客邮局火车邮路:法属安南火车邮路</p><p class="ql-block">重要素材:1901年云南最早寄出的混贴清代邮资片(存世2件):“河口”八卦戳目前所见最晚使用</p><p class="ql-block">最早日“蒙自邮车”火车戳封:蒙自邮车挂号检查封(目前仅见):法客邮滇越火车邮戳</p> <p class="ql-block">planChapter 1 Prehistory and Establishment of Yunnan Railway Postal ServiceMain content: Da Qing Postal Dian Yue Bu Ban International Postal Route; The carriage and mail route from Hekou to Yunnan Prefecture; Temporary Post Office along the Railway Line between the Qing Dynasty and French Annam International Mail Exchange Bureau: Establishment of Railway Post Office: French Post Office Railway Post Road: French Annam Railway Post RoadImportant materials: The earliest mixed postage Qing Dynasty postage film sent out in Yunnan in 1901 (2 surviving pieces): The "Hekou" Bagua stamp is currently the latest seen and usedThe earliest "Mengzi Mail" train stamp seal: Mengzi Mail train registration inspection seal (currently only seen): French passenger mail Yunnan Vietnam train stamp</p> <p class="ql-block">第二章滇越铁路邮政的发展</p><p class="ql-block">主要内容:滇越、云河、昆河火车邮局及其邮政服务</p><p class="ql-block">重要素材:滇越、云河、昆河火车邮局挂号封;昆河火车邮局国际航空调资尾日封</p> <p class="ql-block">Chapter 2 Development of Yunnan Vietnam Railway Postal ServiceMain content: Dianyue, Yunhe, and Kunhe train post offices and their postal servicesImportant materials: Dianyue, Yunhe, and Kunhe Railway Post Office Registration Seals; Kunhe Railway Post Office International Air Conditioning Capital Last Day Seal</p> <p class="ql-block">第三章个碧石和川滇铁路邮政</p><p class="ql-block">主要内容:个碧石、川滇火车部局及其邮政服务</p><p class="ql-block">重要素材:个壁与壁个往返程火车邮局挂号封2件(存世4件):1949年蒙碧短途火车手填戳封(存世3件)</p><p class="ql-block">1949年石碧火车邮局挂号邮政公事(目前仅见):1950年人民邮政沿用壁个火车邮局挂号超重封(目前仅见)</p> <p class="ql-block">Chapter 3 Gebishi and Sichuan Yunnan Railway Postal ServiceMain content: Gebishi, Sichuan Yunnan Railway Bureau and their postal servicesImportant materials: Two train and post office registration seals for the return journey between the two walls (four surviving): 1949 Mengbi short distance train hand filled and stamped seals (three surviving)In 1949, Shibi Railway Post Office registered postal service (currently only seen): In 1950, People's Post Office continued to use the Bige Railway Post Office registered overweight seal (currently only seen)</p> <p class="ql-block">第四章铁路车站邮局及转运火车邮件</p><p class="ql-block">主要内容:铁路车站邮局的开设及其邮政服务;转运火车邮件</p><p class="ql-block">重要素材:可保村经滇越火车邮局中转挂号检查封(目前仅见3枚);波渡菁经昆河火车邮局中转双挂号封第</p> <p class="ql-block">Chapter 4 Railway Station Post Office and Transfer Train MailMain content: The establishment of railway station post offices and their postal services; Transferring train mailImportant Material: Kebao Village Transit Registration Inspection Seals via Yunnan Vietnam Railway Post Office (currently only 3 are seen); Bo Dujing, passing through Kunhe Railway Post Office, double registration seal for transfer</p> <p class="ql-block">五章战争影响下的云南铁路邮政</p><p class="ql-block">主要内容:法国客邮滇越邮路:北伐战争:一战时期:抗日战争</p><p class="ql-block">重要素材:1903年因法客邮滇越邮路受阻改走长江邮路的清代邮资片(目前仅见5枚)</p><p class="ql-block">北伐时期梧州寄阿迷州检查封;一战时期阿根廷经河口寄腾越检查封 </p> <p class="ql-block">Chapter Five: Yunnan Railway Postal Service under the Influence of WarMain content: French guest mail, Yunnan Vietnam postal route: Northern Expedition War: World War I period: Anti Japanese WarImportant Material: A Qing Dynasty postage film from 1903, which was changed to the Yangtze River postal route due to the obstruction of the French postal route from Yunnan to Vietnam (currently only 5 pieces can be seen)During the Northern Expedition, Wuzhou sent an inspection seal to Amizhou; During World War I, Argentina sent inspection seals to Tengyue via the river mouth</p> <p class="ql-block">参考文献:《红印花邮票(下编)》1987年《中国邮学丛书-客邮外史》李颂平</p><p class="ql-block">《云南省志邮电志》云南地方志编纂委员会1996年《蒙自县邮电志》蒙自县邮电局1995年参考文献:《红印花邮票(下编)》1987年</p> <p class="ql-block">Reference: "Red Stamp (Part 2)", 1987 "Chinese Philatelic Studies Series - Foreign History of Guest Posts", Li SongpingYunnan Provincial Chronicle Postal and Telecommunications Chronicle Yunnan Local Chronicle Compilation Committee 1996 Mengzi County Postal and Telecommunications Chronicle Mengzi County Postal and Telecommunications Bureau 1995 Reference: Red Stamp (Part 2) 1987</p>