新高考读后续写 | 独立主格结构概述

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1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词

这种构成形式，其内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：

①The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.

=As the girl stared at him, he didn't know what to say.

姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

②Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.

= If time permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.

如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

更多例句：

→ Her heart still racing, she reached over and turned up the oil lamp that rested beside her canopied bed.

→  Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

→ Time going on, everything has changed.

→  The final exam drawing near, your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.

2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词

该构成形式，内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：

①The problems solved, the quality has been improved.

=As the problems were solved, the quality has been improved.

随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

②Her glasses broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.

=Because her glasses were broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.

由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

更多例句：

→  He played the piano intently, eyes closed.

→  The signal given, the train started.

→  New words explained, the text became easier for us to learn.

→ The test finished, we began our holiday.

→  The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

→  The work done, we went home.

3. 名词/主格代词+形容词

此结构常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态。如：

①An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.

那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。

②So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.

这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。

更多例句：

→  He entered the room, his nose red with cold.

→   He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.

→  Conditions better, the patient can leave the hospital.

→  Sunday OK, we'd like to go outing.

4. 名词/主格代词+副词

此结构常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态。如：

①He put on his sweater, wrong side out.

他把毛衣穿反了。

②The meeting over, they all went home.

会议一结束，他们就都回家了。

更多例句：

→  Dinner over, we decided to play bridge.

→  The play still on, you can wait a while.

5. 名词/主格代词+介词短语

该结构常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态。如：

The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.

The boy goes to the classroom, and a book was in his hand.

那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

注意：

使用介词的问题：独立主格结构中，由名词+介词短语构成，若介词是in时，一般说来，其前后的两个名词均不加任何附加成分，如物主代词或冠词，也不用复数。如：

①The old man stood under a large tree, pipe in mouth.

那个老人站在大树下，口里含着烟斗。

②Two militiamen quickly passed by us, rifle in hand.

两个民兵手里拿着步枪，迅速地从我们旁边走过去。

③A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.

一个强盗手持钢刀冲进了房间。

〖注〗如果是其他介词则没有这种限定。如：

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

他从图书馆出来，腋下夹着一大本书。

更多例句：

→   The boy followed the nobleman here, sword in hand.

→   He left the office, tears in eyes.

→   He went off, gun in hand.

6. 名词/主格代词+名词

①His first shot failure, he fired again.

他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。

②Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.

两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

③The doctor has two daughters, one a nurse, the other an engineer.

那位医生有两个女儿，一位是护士，一位是工程师。

7. 名词/主格代词+不定式（表示将来）

名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：

①He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.

借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

②They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.

他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

③He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.

他建议去野餐，玛丽来提供食物。

8. There being+名词（代词）

①There being nothing else to do, we went home.

没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

②There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.

没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。

更多例句：

→  There being no bus, we had to walk home.

→  There being no money at hand, he had to borrow some to buy his wife a present.

9. It being +名词（代词）

①It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.

由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。

②It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.

由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

③It being Sunday, the library doesn't open.

总之，独立主格结构看似复杂，其实不然，它都有一定的结构和规律可循。如果能将以上各种形式灵活运用于读后续写的写作之中，肯定能使续写更加生动，成为提分的利器！