心中有暖 岁月不寒—小寒

໑ຼ₀໑ຼ₄ঞৣ清℘欢᭄

寒农历十一月廿五1月6日04时49分，迎来小寒节气Minor Cold, the 23rd solar term小寒是一年的第23个节气一年中最寒冷的日子来了离过年还有34天放假的日子越来越近了

小寒是二十四节气中的第二十三个节气，是干支历子月的结束以及丑月的起始，时间是在公历1月5-7日之间，太阳位于黄经285°。

Xiaohan is the 23rd solar term in the 24 solar terms. It is the end of Zi month in Ganzhi calendar and the beginning of Chou month. The time is between January 5-7 in Gregorian calendar. The sun is at 285 ° of Huangjing.《月令七十二候集解》：“十二月节，月初寒尚小，故云，月半则大矣。”《 "In December Festival, the cold at the beginning of the month is still small, so the cloud is large at the half of the month."During Minor Cold, most areas in China have entered the bitter cold stage of winter. The ground and rivers are frozen. The cold air from the north moves southward continuously.小寒期间，我国大部分地区进入了严寒。地面和河流都结冰了。来自北方的冷空气不断南移。

此时，窗外的树枝变得光秃秃的，只余冷风在诉说天地间的萧瑟。走在路上，手都冻得通红，空气中隐约可见呼出的白气。俗话说：小寒大寒，冻成冰团。一年中最为寒冷的时节已经到了。

During Minor Cold, most areas in China have entered the bitter cold stage of winter. The ground and rivers are frozen. The cold air from the north moves southward continuously.

小寒时节，中国大部分地区已进入寒冬。天寒地冻，河水结冰，北方的冷空气持续向南推进。

下面一起看看有关小寒的文化知识吧。

准备过年

进入小寒年味渐浓，人们开始忙着写春联、剪窗花，赶集买年画、彩灯、鞭炮、香火等，陆续为春节作准备。

During Minor Cold, people start stocking New Year goods, which include Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures, paper-cuts for window decoration, fire crackers, incense and lanterns.

“三九”

尽管“小寒”这个名称意味着它没有下一个节气“大寒”那样冷，但据中国气象资料显示，小寒才是一年中气温最低的时期，古代也有“冷在三九”的说法。

"Sanjiu period" refers to the third nine-day period (the 19th-27th days) after the day of the Winter Solstice, which is in Minor Cold. Actually Minor Cold is normally the coldest period of winter. It is important to keep warm during this period.

“三九”指冬至过后的第三个九天（即冬至后的第十九天至第二十七天），而这段时间正处于小寒内。事实上，小寒往往是冬季中最冷的时段，注意保暖是非常重要的。

饮食习惯

从饮食健康角度而言，小寒期间，人们应当吃一些热性食物来滋养身体，抵御严寒的侵袭。但冬季气温干燥，也要注意上火等症状。

To prevent from the coldness, it’s better to eat food that can provide heat and energy to human’s body, for example, food with hot natures including trout, hot pepper, and food with warm nature such as glutinous rice, chives, fennel, caraway, asparagus, lamb and chicken.为了抵御严寒，最好吃些可以为身体提供能量的食物，例如，热性食物，包括鲑鱼，辣椒，以及温性食物，诸如糯米饭，韭菜，茴香，香菜，芦笋，羊肉，鸡肉等。小寒美食Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potato are three recommended foods for Minor Cold.饮食上，涮羊肉火锅（mutton hot pot）、吃糖炒栗子（chestnuts）、烤地瓜薯（baked sweet potato）成为小寒“食”尚。

According to traditional Chinese medicine theories, people need to eat food that contains more yang energy to prevent cold from harming their organs. The yang energy in the three types of food is strengthened through their method of cooking: boiling, stir frying and baking.俗语说“三九补一冬，来年无病痛”。寒冬时节，居民日常饮食偏重于暖性食物，其中以羊肉最为常见。

Beef, sesame, walnuts, almonds and raisins are also good choices for Minor Cold.此外，牛肉和各类坚果也是备受青睐的小寒吃食。

吃黄芽菜

小寒吃黄芽菜，是天津的一项习俗。“黄芽菜”是白菜的一个旧称，因其菜心浅黄如嫩芽，故名“黄芽菜”。为方便保存，冬季人们还会将其腌制，做成“冬菜”。

There are large amounts of Vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.黄芽菜富含维生素A和维生素B。鲜嫩的黄芽菜炒、烧和炖均可。

吃糯米饭

根据传统，广东人小寒的早晨要吃糯米饭。糯米含糖量高，有良好的驱寒效果，一碗下去，全身暖暖的。

Cantonese people mix fried preserved pork, sausage and peanuts into the rice. According to the theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, glutinous rice has the effect of tonifying the spleen and stomach in the cold season.广东人会将炸制的猪肉、香肠和花生混入米饭中。根据中医理论，糯米饭在寒冷的季节有滋养脾胃的效果。

菜饭

The rice is steamed with aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausage and salted duck that are all the specialties in Nanjing.到了小寒，老南京一般会煮菜饭（vegetable rice）吃，用矮脚黄青菜与咸肉片、香肠片或是板鸭丁，再剁上一些生姜粒与糯米一起煮，可谓是真正的“南京菜饭”，甚至可与腊八粥相媲美。

The steamed vegetable rice is incredibly delicious. Some of the ingredients like aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausage and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.

这种蒸制的米饭有种难以形容的美味，其配料矮脚黄、香肠和盐水鸭均为南京特产。中药养生 Lesser Cold is also the busiest time for doctors and pharmacies of traditional Chinese medicine. Many people need them to prepare new medicines, which will be consumed before the Lunar New Year.到了小寒时节，也是老中医和中药房最忙的时候，一般入冬时熬制的膏方都吃得差不多了。到了此时，有些人家会再熬制一点，吃到春节前后。

冬练

中国有句老话：“冬练三九。”在锻炼前做好热身和保暖措施，最好选择日出后的时段锻炼身体，可起到强身健体的作用。

Generally, Minor Cold is the coldest period in China, which is the best time for exercising and improving one’s physique. To keep warm, Chinese children have special games to play, such as hoop rolling and the cockfighting game.总的来说，小寒是中国最寒冷的时节，也是锻炼和改善体格的最佳时期。孩子们会玩一些特别的游戏来保暖，如滚铁环和“斗鸡”（也叫“撞拐子”）。<strong data-brushtype="text">诗画节气之小寒

终南望馀雪

唐 祖咏

终南阴岭秀，积雪浮云端。

林表明霁色，城中增暮寒。

Snow Atop Southern Mountains

How fair the gloomy mountainside!

Snow-crowned peaks float above the cloud.

The forest bright in sunset dyed,

With evening cold the town’s overflowed.

山岭之上，积雪浮云，斜阳照耀在林梢，暮色里的城市寒气袭人。

这是一首应试诗。祖咏到长安参加科考，题目是以“终南望馀雪”写一首十二句的五言长律，但祖咏写完四句就交卷了，因为他觉得意境已全，再写就是画蛇添足。主考官提醒他重写，他仍坚持己见，不出所料名落孙山。祖咏虽然落榜，这首诗却流芳千古。

诗歌采用的是许渊冲的翻译，节奏富有韵律，形神兼备。

古画采用“三维转二维”技术，将明代画家谢时臣的《峨眉雪图》成功“复活”。山林雪景，隐约可见寺庙和民居，危栈上驴队踽踽前行，山脚下文士踏雪寻梅。古画动起来，似乎能听到风之呼啸、雪之飘飘、马之嘶鸣、人之吟哦。梅花 王安石 

墙角数枝梅，

凌寒独自开；

遥知不是雪，

为有暗香来。

Mume Blossoms

Wang Anshi

At the wall corner mume trees grow;

Against the cold they bloom apart.

How could we know they are not snow?

For fragrance unseen they impart.

——(许渊冲 译)If Minor Cold comes, 

will spring be far behind?

One never feels cold with a hopeful heart.

Let's look forward to the bright sunshine in the near future!

小寒已至天寒人不寒温暖的春天不再遥远让我们一起期待不久之后

绚烂明媚的阳光