<p class="ql-block">走进金沙</p><p class="ql-block"> 2001年初春成都金沙遗址的发现,是四川地区继三星堆之后又一重大考古发现,也是新世纪开篇中国考古最重大的发现。金沙遗址的问世如春雷乍响,再次揭开了古蜀王国迷蒙的面纱。金沙这个默默无闻的小村落,在一夜之间成为全社会关注的焦点。</p><p class="ql-block"> 在这里,历史的迷雾渐渐散开,古国的身姿缓缓显影,3000年前一段辉煌的文明梦幻般地呈现在人们眼前。人们不禁要问:是谁创造了这段神话,是谁铸就了这个奇迹?他们有着怎样的生活,怎样的信仰?他们来自哪里,又去向何方?</p><p class="ql-block"> 现在,让我们跨越时空的长河,循着神鸟的鸣唱,轻轻叩响古蜀王国神秘的大门,走进金沙…</p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">陈列馆</p><p class="ql-block"> 是举办常设展览“走进金沙”与主题特展的空间。其中,“走进金沙”由“远古家园”“王都剪影”“天地不绝”“千载遗珍”“解读金沙”五个展厅组成,以创造性和艺术性手段,系统展示了2000余件精选文物和标本,生动形象地勾画出金沙文明的神秘图景,也带给您震撼人心的美学体验。</p> <p class="ql-block">2F</p><p class="ql-block">王都剪影</p><p class="ql-block">Exhibion Hall No.2-</p><p class="ql-block">KIng Palace at a Glance</p><p class="ql-block">展示木一儿2--王城の之儿工卜</p><p class="ql-block">Deuxière sale d'expositlon-</p><p class="ql-block">Images de l'empire</p><p class="ql-block">第一展厅</p><p class="ql-block">远古家园</p><p class="ql-block">Exhibiion Hall No.1-</p><p class="ql-block">Primilive Homeland</p><p class="ql-block">展示水一儿1-音日の御里Première solle d'exposiionancienne malson</p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">西南黑水之间,有都广之野……爱有膏、膏稻、膏黍、膏稷,百谷自生,冬夏播琴。鸾鸟自歌,风鸟自舞,灵寿实华,草木所聚。爱有百兽,相群爱处。此草也,冬夏不死。</p><p class="ql-block">——《山海经·海内外经》</p><p class="ql-block">巴蜀亦沃野,地饶后、姜、丹沙、石、铜、铁、竹、木之器。</p><p class="ql-block">——《史记·货殖列传》</p><p class="ql-block">土地肥美,有江水沃野,山林竹木蔬食果实之饶……民食稻鱼,亡凶年忧,俗不愁苦。</p><p class="ql-block">——《汉书·地理志》</p><p class="ql-block">蜀地沃野干里,土壤膏腴,果实所生,无谷而饱……名材竹干,器械之饶,不可胜用。又有鱼盐铜银之利,浮水转漕之便。</p><p class="ql-block">——《后汉书·公孙述传》</p><p class="ql-block">其宝则有璧玉、金、银、珠、碧、铜、铁、铅、锡、赭、垩、锦、绣、圆、犛、犀、象、毡、蚝、丹黄、空青、桑、漆、麻、红之饶……</p><p class="ql-block">——《华阳国志·蜀志》</p> <p class="ql-block">第一展厅: 远古家园</p><p class="ql-block"> PRIMITIVE HOKELARD</p><p class="ql-block"> 金沙遗址出土了数以盹计的象牙和众多的野猪犬齿、鹿角、麂骨、犀牛骨、马等动物遗骸以及大量的岛木及植物遗存。这些资料证明,3000年前的成都平原呈现出一派森林密布,河渠纵横;动物繁多的景象。在这个绿色天地之中,古蜀先民与大自然亲密拥抱、和谐相处。</p><p class="ql-block">Archaeologists have excavated tons of ivory and large amounts of boar canines, deer horns, muntjac bones,rhinoceros bones, horse bones and other animel remains. Carbonized remains from ebony wood and other plants were also found. It can be surmised that 3000 years ago the Chengdu plain was thickly forested, veined with rivers and streams, and inhabited by diverse wild animal species. It is in this green world that the ancient Shu people lived a harmonious life with nature.</p> <p class="ql-block">水牛骨</p> <p class="ql-block">马骨</p> <p class="ql-block">小鹿骨</p> <p class="ql-block">斑鹿角</p> <p class="ql-block">水鹿骨</p> <p class="ql-block">野猪骨</p> <p class="ql-block">象骨</p> <p class="ql-block">枫杨</p> <p class="ql-block">红椿</p> <p class="ql-block">楠木</p> <p class="ql-block">第二展厅: 王都剪影</p><p class="ql-block">KING PALACE AT A GLANCE</p><p class="ql-block"> 近年来,已在60多个地点进行了考古发掘,初步确定金沙遗址的分布范围在5平方公里以上。发现了大型建筑基址、祭祀活动场所、一般居址、墓地等重要遗迹,出土了上万件金器、铜器、玉器、石器、漆木器和陶器等。严谨的建筑布局,规整的丧葬墓地,精湛的生产工具与手工制品,这一切,犹如一块块文明的碎片,拼接出一幅朦胧的古蜀社会的历史画卷。</p><p class="ql-block">Through archaeological excavation at more than 60 locales in recent years, it appears that the Jinsha Site is distributed in an area of over 5 km". In this area features such as large palace foundations,offering sites, ordinary house foundations and graves have been discovered, and tens of thousands gold objects, bronzes, jades, stone implements, lacquerwood wares and pottery have been unearthed. Its well-arranged architecture, cemeteries and exquisite production tools and handicrafts provide a picture of ancient Shu civilization.</p> <p class="ql-block"> 在远古时代,人们认为“万物有灵”,对自然神和先祖神充满敬畏之情,常举行各种祭祀活动,旨在与天地神灵勾通,希望得其庇佑。</p><p class="ql-block"> 金沙遗址发现的大型祭祀活动场所面积达15000平方米,从商代晚期延续至春秋早期,以商晚至西周早期的遗迹最为密集。而察祀方法与察祀内容则又有差异,这表明了神巫文化系统的复杂与多元性。其祭祀之频繁和祭品之丰富,体现出宗教祭仪在古蜀国社会活动中的崇高地位。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">金器</p><p class="ql-block"> 黄金自古就是人们最喜爱的贵金属之一,被视为财富与地位的象征。金沙遗址出土200多件精美的黄金制品,其数量、种类及制作工艺均为目前我国同时期遗址出土金器之最。金沙金器不仅是古蜀祭祀文化的重要载体之一,更代表了商周时期中国黄金艺术的顶峰。</p><p class="ql-block">Gold artifacts</p><p class="ql-block">The traditional love for gold is also well attested to by the gold finds at the Jinsha Site. Gold has always been a symbol of dignity and wealth in ancient China. Over 200 exquisite gold artifacts have been unearthed from the Jinsha Site, the most numerous from that period in China in terms of either their types or quantity. They are significant media of the sacrificial culture of the ancient Shu, and represent the peak of the gold arts during the Shang-Zhou period</p> <p class="ql-block">金沙金器的制作采用了锤操、剪切、打磨、刻划、镂空等多种技术,体现出当时古蜀地区高超的工艺水平。</p><p class="ql-block">Judging from the gold artifacts unearthed in Jinsha, processes of making a gold object may include a series of skills and stages such as hammering and folding, cutting, grinding,engraving, hollowing, which reflected the superior skill of ancient Shu area at that time.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">金沙制玉工艺</p><p class="ql-block">制作玉器要经过采料、选料、开料、切割、钻孔、刻纹、镂空、掏雕、打磨、抛光等多项工序,往往需要经年累月才能完工。</p><p class="ql-block">Jade making techniques in Jinsha It may have taken years to make a piece of jade artif through a series of techniques including jade mining, select separation, cutting, drilling, pattern engraving, hollow-out or out carving, grinding and polishing, etc.</p> <p class="ql-block">1F</p><p class="ql-block">第三展厅</p><p class="ql-block">天地不绝</p><p class="ql-block">第四展厅</p><p class="ql-block">千载遗珍</p><p class="ql-block">Exhibition Hall No.3</p><p class="ql-block">Immortal Heaven and Earth</p><p class="ql-block">Exhibition Hall No,4</p><p class="ql-block">The Sunbird Disk and Other Relics</p><p class="ql-block">B1</p><p class="ql-block">第三展示木一儿——天地絶元寸</p><p class="ql-block">第四展示木一儿 ——=</p><p class="ql-block">Salle d'Exposition No.3 Ciel et Terre Immortels Salle d'Exposition No.4 Trésors Millénaires</p><p class="ql-block">千年の遗宝</p><p class="ql-block">第五展厅</p><p class="ql-block">解读金沙</p><p class="ql-block">Exhibition Hall No. 5</p><p class="ql-block">Seeking Answers to the Mysteries</p><p class="ql-block">of Jinsha</p><p class="ql-block">第五展示木一儿——金沙の謎</p><p class="ql-block">Salle d'Exposition No.5</p><p class="ql-block">A la Reserche des Mystères</p><p class="ql-block">de Jinsha</p> <p class="ql-block">第三展厅: 天地不绝</p> <p class="ql-block">金沙遗址出土了数以吨计的象牙。</p> <p class="ql-block">卜甲金沙遗址共出</p><p class="ql-block">甲21件,其中最大的一件卜长50厘米,是中国迄今发现的最大的卜甲之一,可能为古国王或大巫师之类的人物用于占卜国家大事,这表明金沙时期祭祀之风盛行。</p><p class="ql-block">Bu jia</p><p class="ql-block">21 pieces of bu jia, or tortoise shells for divination have been unearthed from the Jinsha Site. The largest among them is 50cm long and is one of the largest bu jia found in China, which perhaps was used by such special figures as the king or the chief wizard of the Shu Kingdom to make divination on state matters. These bu jia reflect the prevalence of offering activities during the Jinsha period.</p><p class="ql-block">(143</p> <p class="ql-block">第四展厅: 千载遗珍</p><p class="ql-block"> 此厅呈献的展品,堪称金沙文物中最富文物价值和艺术价值,且最具神秘意味的国宝重器。它们携带着远古文明的信息,一承载着先民虔诚的信念和对理想的执著追求,凝聚着二个时代文化艺术的神髓精气,向世人展现出金沙先民关于族群的历史记忆,独特的生存意象及其瑰丽奇幻的精神世界。</p><p class="ql-block">The exhibits displayed in this museum are invaluable archaeological materials and a treasury of beautiful art works. They can inform us about matters of ancient civilization including the devotional beliefs andn hardworkzof ancient people.e Presentingea mysterious world to the public, the exhibition forges a historical memory, of the Shu society and gives,through an archaeological perspective,ivan interpretation of the cognitive development of the ancient Shu people.</p> <p class="ql-block">太阳神鸟金饰</p><p class="ql-block">20克黄金字宙,直径12.5厘米,厚0.02厘米,重20克,含金量94.2%。</p><p class="ql-block">薄如蝉翼的金饰上,四只神鸟绕着十二道太阳光芒循环飞翔,将古蜀人深邃的哲学宗教思想、丰富的想象力、非凡的艺术创造力和精湛的制金工艺完美结合,由此被确定为中国文化遗产标志和成都城市形象标识的主体图案。</p> <p class="ql-block">“太阳神鸟”的寓意</p><p class="ql-block">Interpretation of the "Sun and Immortal Bird"</p><p class="ql-block"> 太阳神鸟图案寓意深远、构图严谨、线条流畅,极富韵律,是古代人民深邃的哲学宗教思想、丰富的想像力、非凡的艺术创造力和精湛的工艺水平的完美结合。其造型简洁精炼,本身就具有极佳的徽识特征,适合做标志使用,是一件不用重新设计的标识。</p><p class="ql-block"> 太阳神鸟图案是中华民族太阳崇拜观念的集中体现,以此作为中国文化遗产的标志传达了中华民族文化的精神气质,同时又具有很强的识别性。</p><p class="ql-block"> 金沙遗址是21世纪我国第一个重大考古发现,是中国文物保护工作的重大成果之一。太阳神鸟图案所表达的追求光明、团结奋进与和谐包容的精神寓意,可增强人们保护祖国文化遗产的强烈的责任感。</p><p class="ql-block">太阳图案</p><p class="ql-block"> 向四周顺时针喷射出十二道光芒的太阳,呈现出强烈的动感,象征着光明、生命和永恒。</p><p class="ql-block">十二道太阳光芒与四鸟</p><p class="ql-block"> “十二”与“四”是中国文化中的常用数字,如十二月、十二生肖、四季、四方等,这在一定程度上体现了自然规律。</p> <p class="ql-block">铜立人</p><p class="ql-block">Bronze standing figure</p><p class="ql-block">(449)</p><p class="ql-block"> 铜立人身着长袍,腰佩短杖,头戴太阳形冠,双臂呈环抱状姿势,神情威严肃穆,应属巫师作法形象。其造型与三星堆青铜大立人颇为相似。</p><p class="ql-block">Wearing a gown, a short mace and a sun-shaped crown, this bronze standing figure shows an expression of stateliness and grandeur, with crossed arms, much like a koradji practicing divination. This figure is quite similar in many ways to the big bronze standing figure unearthed at the Sanxingdui Site.</p> <p class="ql-block">人神合体的艺术形象</p><p class="ql-block">Artistic Image of Deity in Man</p><p class="ql-block"> 金沙遗址与三星堆遗址都出土了一批人物造像,而这些造像无疑都带有偶像及神像性质,是人们顶礼膜拜的对象。这种偶像崇拜的现象所包涵的文化因素或许反映了与外来文明的交流与联系。</p><p class="ql-block">A batch of human-figure sculptures unearthed from the Jinsha and Sanxingdui Sites undoubtedly represented the worship ofidols and deities. The cultural phenomenon of idol worship probably reflects communications and contacts between people in the ancient Shu Kingdom and those in other regions.</p> <p class="ql-block">金沙遗址出土金冠带</p><p class="ql-block">Gald crown-lao</p><p class="ql-block">the Jinsha Sie</p><p class="ql-block">王权的象征</p><p class="ql-block">The Symbol of Kingship</p><p class="ql-block"> 金冠带是古蜀王至高权力的象征,冠带上錾刻的纹饰与三星堆金杖上的纹饰基本一致,说明金沙与三星堆的统治者在族属上可能存在亲缘关系。</p><p class="ql-block">Gold crown-lace that was a symbol of supreme power belonged to the king of ancient Shu Kingdom.The chiseled marks on it were almost the same as the gold scepter unearthed from the Sanxingdui Site. It may be inferred that these two ruling clans should have kinship in all probability.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">黄金面具</p><p class="ql-block"> 神权与王权的二重象征,宽20.5厘米高10.4厘米重46克,圆脸圆颐,双眼、大嘴镂空,鼻梁高直,嘴形似乎还略呈笑意,富有极其神秘的色彩。</p><p class="ql-block"> 这是中国目前出土保存较完整的商周金面具。古蜀人将之用作通神的工具,</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">第五展厅:: 解读金沙</p><p class="ql-block">SEEKING ANSWERS TO</p><p class="ql-block">THE MYSTERIES OF JINSHA</p><p class="ql-block"> 当古蜀国又一个王朝的背影呈现在金沙这片古老的土地,人们再次聆听到了古蜀人深沉而自信的文化呼吸。面对金沙璀璨的文明形态,人们在惊喜之余也产生了不少疑问:她何以如此辉煌?源自何方?流向哪里?这其间还有多少秘密尚待人们去探寻?</p><p class="ql-block">to many people's surprise, archaeological onducted at the Jinsha site have brought of amazing remains of the ancient Shu ests have been stimulated by the attempts this past civilization. People want to know how the ancient Shu became civilized, where they originated and where they have gone? </p> <p class="ql-block">关于启用中国文化遗产标志的公告</p><p class="ql-block">The Public Announcement of"China Cultural Heritage" Emblem</p><p class="ql-block"> 经国家文物局2005年8月15日第15次局长办公会议研究决定,采用四川成都金沙遗址出土的金饰图案作为中国文化遗产标志。</p><p class="ql-block">中国文化遗产标志标准图案如下;</p><p class="ql-block">中国文化遗产标志标准图案</p><p class="ql-block">中国文化遗产标志矢量图</p><p class="ql-block"> 中国文化遗产标志上方采用简体中文“中国文化遗产”,下方采用汉语拼音“ZHONG GUO WEN HUA YI CHAN”,各民族自治地方可使用当地少数民族文字,在对外交往工作中可使用英文“CHINACULTURAL HERITAGE”或其他国家文字。</p><p class="ql-block"> 中国文化遗产标志标准色彩为金色,可根据不同需要使用其他颜色。</p><p class="ql-block"> 中国文化遗产标志核心的金饰文物图案,除配合文字使用外也可单独使用。</p><p class="ql-block">《中国文化遗产标志管理办法》另行公布。</p><p class="ql-block"> 特此公告。</p><p class="ql-block"> 国家文物局</p><p class="ql-block"> 2005年8月16日</p>