<p class="ql-block">向日葵🌻幼儿园💉宝宝秋季预防传染病很重要</p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">宝宝秋冬季预防传染病宣传</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">工作开始啦</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 随着秋冬季节的到来,天气日渐寒冷,早晚温差大,幼儿机体适应能力下降,造成呼吸道传染病的蔓延扩散,为了加强传染病的防范意识,提高预防知识水平;家长注意⚠️流行性感冒和普通感冒的区别:</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 1、流行性感冒:简称流感,是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病,主要传染源为患者和病毒携带者,在发病前的最初三天,传染性最强。病毒随打喷嚏、咳嗽或说话喷出的飞沫传播,主要表现:起病急骤、高热、畏寒、头痛、肌肉关节酸痛,全身乏力、鼻塞、咽痛和干咳,少数患者可有恶心、呕吐、腹泻等消化道症状。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 2、普通性感冒:主要表现:咽喉痛、鼻塞和流鼻涕、流眼泪、打喷嚏、轻度发热、头痛和咽痛,很少出现发高热和全身酸痛的症状,发病周期短。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);">流感和普通感冒的防治:</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> (1)要注意随温度变化选择衣物,注意保暖;</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> (2)增加户外活动,增强体质,提高抵抗力;</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> (3)多饮水、多吃水果,适当补充维生素C;</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> (4)注意通风,居家每天开窗通风半小时到一个小时;</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> (5)尽量避免幼儿出入公共场所;</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> (6)要注意幼儿个人卫生,要勤洗手。</span></p> 呼吸道传染病 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 常见的呼吸道传染病有流行性感冒、麻疹、水痘、风疹、流脑、流行性腮腺炎、肺结核等。呼吸道传染病病原体主要有病毒、细菌、支原体和衣原体等。例如流感病毒、麻疹病毒、脑膜炎球菌、结核杆菌等。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 常见的呼吸道传染病有流行性感冒、麻疹、水痘、风疹、流脑、流行性腮腺炎、肺结核等。呼吸道传染病病原体主要有病毒、细菌、支原体和衣原体等。例如流感病毒、麻疹病毒、脑膜炎球菌、结核杆菌等。</span></p> 水痘 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> 水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒初次感染引起的急性传染病,传染性强。病人是唯一的传染源。从出现皮疹前1-2日至皮疹结痂为止,均具有传染性。传播途径主要是呼吸道飞沫、直接或间接接触传染,人群普遍易感。患病初期可有发热、头痛、全身不适、食欲不振等前驱症状,在发病1-2天后出现皮疹。皮疹分布呈向心性,即躯干最多,四肢远端最少。大部分情况下,病人症状是轻微的,病程呈自限性,一般1-2周自愈,可不治自愈。</span></p> 麻疹 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);"> 麻疹发病初期,症状和患感冒差不多,有发烧、咳嗽、流鼻涕、眼怕光、流泪等现象。发病2-3天后,口腔黏膜会有改变,口腔内两侧臼齿旁的颊黏膜上,可以看到灰白色针尖大小的小点,周围有红晕,这种麻疹黏膜斑是麻疹所特有的症状,是早期诊断的重要依据。发病3-4天后,开始出皮疹。皮疹会按照耳后、颈部至面部、躯干、四肢,最后到手心、脚心的顺序出现。出疹一般持续3-5天,这期间持续高烧,常伴有呕吐、腹泻等症状。疹子出齐后,体温开始下降,并逐渐恢复正常,症状也随之减轻。</span></p> 流行性腮腺炎 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> 流行性腮腺炎是由腮腺炎病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。其特征为腮腺非化脓性肿胀、疼痛及发热,预后良好。病后可获得持久免疫力。病人在腮腺明显肿胀前6-7日至肿胀后9日期间具有传染性。除经飞沫传播外,唾液及污染的衣物亦可传染。患病初期可有倦怠、发热、头痛、全身不适、食欲不振等前驱症状,发病1-2日后腮腺逐渐明显肿大,往往从一侧开始,以耳垂为中心肿大。病人会出现颧骨弓或耳部疼痛,然后出现唾液腺肿大,通常可见一侧或双侧腮腺肿大。人群普遍易感,感染后可获持久免疫力。</span></p> 流行性感冒 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 流行性感冒简称流感,是流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。流感病人及隐性感染者为传染源,病初2-3日传染性最强。主要在人多拥挤的密闭环境中经空气或飞沫传播,亦可通过直接接触病人的分泌物而传播。患病时出现发热、乏力、头痛、肌痛、鼻炎、咽痛和咳嗽等症状,也可出现肠胃不适症状。</span></p> 肺结核 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> 全身症状:全身不适、倦怠、乏力、不能坚持日常工作,容易烦躁,心悸、食欲减退、体重减轻、妇女月经不正常等轻度毒性和植物神经紊乱的症状,发热,在入睡或睡醒时全身出汗,严重者衣服尽湿,伴随衰竭感。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(22, 126, 251);"> 局部症状:咳嗽、咳痰,早期咳嗽轻微,无痰或有少量黏液痰,病变扩大,有空洞形成时,则痰液呈脓性,量较多;咯血,约1/3-1/2的病人有咯血症状,咯血量不等;胸痛,部位不定的隐痛常是神经发射作用引起的,不受呼吸影响。</span></p> 流行性乙型脑炎 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(176, 79, 187);"> 乙脑是由嗜神经的乙脑病毒所致的中枢神经系统性传染病。经蚊等吸血昆虫传播,流行于夏秋季,临床上以高热、意识障碍、惊厥、呼吸衰竭及脑膜刺激征为特征。部分患者留有严重后遗症,重症患者病死率较高。</span></p> 手足口病 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 这是一种发生在年龄较小的托班、小班(4岁以内)幼儿多见的空气传播的传染病一般传染病,年长儿及成人也感染,但一般症状较轻,或为无症状的隐性感染。在托幼机构内容易发生流行。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(255, 138, 0);"> 此病主要表现为口腔炎及位于手足的皮疹,手足口病的临床上首先表现为口痛、厌食及低热(38度),亦可不发热。口腔内可见散发性小疱疹或溃疡,位于舌、颊粘膜及硬腭处。四肢,尤以手足部可见斑丘疹或疱疹,数量多少不定。病程短,多于1周左右痊愈。皮疹发展很快,痊愈后不留疤,不痒不痛,不流脓,成簇状出现个别患者可引起肺炎、心肌炎、肺水肿、无菌性脑膜脑炎等致命性并发症。</span></p> 预防知识 <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 1.尽量避免到人多拥挤的公共场所。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 2.在人群聚集场所打喷嚏或咳嗽时应用手绢或纸巾掩盖口鼻,不要随地吐痰。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 3.讲究个人卫生,勤洗手,勤理发,勤剪指甲,勤换洗衣服。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 4.避免与他人共用水杯、餐具、毛巾、牙刷等物品。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 5.保持环境卫生,加强室内通风,出现呼吸道传染病人时,应增加室内通风换气的次数。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 6.注意保暖,及时增减衣物。加强体育锻炼,提高机体抵抗力。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 7. 注意膳食营养,及时补充水分,多吃新鲜蔬菜水果,提高机体免疫能力。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(57, 181, 74);"> 8.避免接触猫狗、禽鸟、牲畜粪便及排泄物。一旦接触过禽鸟或牲畜粪便,要立刻用肥皂和清水彻底清洁双手。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);">重点:</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color: rgb(237, 35, 8);"> 为了保护儿童的健康,也为了子孙后代的身体质量,预防接种是每个孩子出生之后必须做的一件事情。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;">制作人员<span style="font-size: 20px;"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></span></p> <p class="ql-block">编辑整理:杨琦</p><p class="ql-block">审核:月仁沙•毛拉 王丽春</p><p class="ql-block">素材来源:网络图片、向日葵幼儿园教师拍摄。</p>