海棠花溪

孺子牛

<p class="ql-block">&nbsp; 前几日看过植物园的烂漫桃花,现在最不该错过的一个是海棠花溪了。只有这样,这个春天才算是圆满吧。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 自古以来海棠就是雅俗共赏的名花更素有“花中神仙”、“花贵妃”之美誉,它美而不妖、繁而不杂,虽娇艳夺目,却又不过分艳丽,是老北京人心中的“富贵花”。在北京城里,绝不乏赏海棠之处,故宫、中山公园、植物园等等都有,但最出名、最亲民、最热闹的还要属元大都城垣遗址公园。这里有着北京城区内最大的海棠林。这里遍植西府海棠、金星海棠垂丝海棠等28个品种、5000余株花,开花时节溪水岸边的海棠花便会争相斗艳,繁茂的花枝红的热烈,粉的娇倩,令人如痴如醉。此时人在花下过,宛如画中行。如果仅是有花,倒也不足为奇元大都城垣遗址公园的海棠最妙之处便是搭配了水一切景色,有了水系就有了流动和生气,岸边繁花似锦,水中映着花红柳绿。给人不是江南却胜似江南的一种感觉。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp; 《同儿辈赋未开海棠》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 金朝:元好问</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;枝间新绿一重重, 小蕾深藏数点红。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;爱惜芳心莫轻吐, 且教桃李闹春风。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 元好问笔下的海棠是豆蔻年华的少女,含苞待放,情窦初开。海棠新长出的绿叶层层叠叠,但小花蕾隐匿其间,海棠深藏花蕾,爱惜芳心,并不轻易争春。心中若有桃花源,何处不是水云间,且让桃花和李花尽情去炫耀吧。这似乎也是通过含苞待放的海棠,来寄托自己的一种独善其身生活态度。</p> <p class="ql-block"> 《海棠春·已未清明对海棠有赋》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宋代:吴潜</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 海棠亭午沾疏雨。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 便一饷、胭脂尽吐。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 老去惜花心,相对花无语。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 羽书万里飞来处。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 报扫荡、狐嗥兔舞。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 濯锦古江头,飞景还如许。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 这首词借写海棠,联想“海棠国”的战局,表现了烈士暮年心忧国事的忠忱,抒发了自己壮心不已的豪情。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《海棠》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 宋代:苏轼</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;东风袅袅泛崇光,香雾空蒙月转廊。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;只恐夜深花睡去,故烧高烛照红妆。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 苏轼因乌台诗案被贬黄州,他经过人生起伏,但并未沉沦。他在黄州夜不能寐,燃起高高的红蜡烛,不愿放弃这良辰美景,为了留住这人世间的刹那芳华,秉烛赏花,高高的举起蜡烛,照亮了海棠娇羞的脸庞。“只恐夜深花睡去,故烧高烛照红妆”,这一句脍炙人口,写出了苏轼对海棠花的爱恋,写出了诗人的一片痴情,通过这首诗我们也能到诗人的达观、潇洒的胸襟。这也许就是描绘海棠最为经典、最美的一首诗。</p> <p class="ql-block"> 《春晴怀故园海棠二首其一》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;宋代:杨万里</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;故园今日海棠开,梦入江西锦绣堆。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;万物皆春人独老,一年过社燕方回。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;似青似白天浓淡,欲堕还飞絮往来。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 无那风光餐不得,遣诗招入翠琼杯。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 此诗借“有所梦”,来表现“有所思”,春晴怀念故园(家乡)的海棠。想海棠,真的梦见家乡繁花似锦的海棠。当然,也不一定真的做了这种好梦,只是假托梦境来表现极端想念而已。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;《海棠》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 唐·何希尧</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;著雨胭脂点点消,半开时节最妖娆。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;谁家更有黄金屋,深锁东风贮阿娇。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 海棠花开得正美艳动人,海棠花苞是深红色的,如同女人用胭脂,但是海棠花开放却如同胭脂慢慢化开,那种粉红更像人面,并且有种欲迎还羞的感觉,所以半开时节最美,有种这里动态写了海棠花开的过程,是耐人欣赏的红妆之美。 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp; 《临江仙》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;五代:和凝</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;海棠香老春江晚,小楼雾縠涳濛。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;翠鬟初出绣帘中,麝烟鸾佩惹苹风。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;碾玉钗摇鸂鶒战,雪肌云鬓将融。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;含情遥指碧波东,越王台殿蓼花红。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 海棠花的馨香已经残尽,春江正临日暮时分,小楼笼罩在轻纱一般的薄雾里,那么缥缈迷蒙。词作借海棠花谢香残,表述了一种气象在衰退,一个时代在更迭。曾经的曾经如何如何,而这一切,不可能亘古不变。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《诉衷情》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 宋代·晏殊</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 海棠珠缀一重重。清晓近帘栊。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 胭脂谁与匀淡,偏向脸边浓。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;看叶嫩,惜花红。意无穷。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;如花似叶,岁岁年年,共占春风。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 太平宰相晏殊笔下的海棠花如重重珠缀,娇艳的颜色好似美人脸上晕晕染染的胭脂红,让人联想到书香门第的大家闺秀,卷珠帘,施粉黛,对镜贴花红,轻扫蛾眉,不知是谁给她淡妆浓抹,让她娇羞的脸庞,变得晕晕染姹紫千红。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 《如梦令》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;宋·李清照</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;昨夜雨疏风骤,浓睡不消残酒。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 试问卷帘人,却道海棠依旧。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 知否,知否?应是绿肥红瘦。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; “绿肥红瘦”是李清照对暮春时节海棠花的描写,这首小词生动地描绘了女词人的部分闺房生活。其实海棠花的花瓣着了一夜雨水之后,会显得很重,会呈现出下垂的状态,海棠花明显比在阳光下绽放所呈现出的娇嫩、娇艳的状态清瘦很多。但是海棠花到了李清照眼里,已经变成了不胜酒力,风姿绰约的魅力女人。</p> <p class="ql-block">《木兰花·海棠·三之二·林钟商 》</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 宋 · 柳永</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;东风催露千娇面。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;欲绽红深开处浅。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;日高梳洗甚时欠,</p><p class="ql-block"> 点滴燕脂匀未遍。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;霏微雨罢残阳院。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;洗出都城新锦段。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;美人纤手摘芳枝,</p><p class="ql-block"> 插在钗头和风颤。</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 海棠花在柳永的演唱下,瞬间变得千娇百媚,惊艳红尘。“美人纤手摘芳枝,插在钗头和风颤。”美人人随手摘下一朵海棠花。他在发丝之中随风摇曳。这一句看似普通,却写尽了人间风流。天仙配歌词“顺手摘下花一朵,我与娘子在发间。”或许是从柳永那里获得了灵感。看似质朴,其实浪漫至极,深受百姓喜爱,在民间广为流传。</p> <p class="ql-block"> 《雨中惜海棠花》</p><p class="ql-block"> ——廖行之</p><p class="ql-block"> 东君何事妒花妍,不遣春风一笑嫣。</p><p class="ql-block"> 邀动芳心愁万缕,盈盈含恨雨中天。</p> <p class="ql-block">&nbsp; “海棠笑迎客,留步看花溪”,海棠花溪这个名字,一听便觉心驰神往。或许,海棠花溪的名字便由来于此吧。&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-block">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 如果你不想错过最美的春色,那就赶紧到海棠花溪来看看吧,再错过,就真的要等明年啦!</p>