读几首趣味诗,你会发现古人也很有趣!转发

张煜伟(钟灵毓秀)

<p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">读几首趣味诗,你会发现古人也很有趣!</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">1</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">山村咏怀</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋:邵康节 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一去二三里,烟村四五家,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">亭台六七座,八九十枝花。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是数字诗。嵌入十个数字,描绘了一幅乡居风光图。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">2</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">数名诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">明:吴承恩</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">十里长亭无客走,九重天上现星辰。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">八河船只皆收港,七千州县尽关门。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">六宫五府回官宰,四海三江罢钓纶。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">两座楼台钟鼓响,一轮明月满乾坤。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">诗中嵌进十个数字,而且从大往小,倒过来数,成为别具一格的“倒数诗”,更增加了趣味。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">3</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">咏“尹”字</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">唐:苏颋</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">丑虽有足,甲不全身。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">见君无口,知伊少人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是拆字诗。拆得很巧妙,启发人思考。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">4</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">农耕好</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">清·乾隆</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">催耕布谷鸣林曲,辰吉相将事力田。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">井井鳞塍来馌女,子牵童抱绕身边。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是离合诗。曲、辰,合而为“農(农)”,现在简化为“农”;田、井,合而为“畊”,“耕”的异体字;女、子,合而为“好”。连起来便是“农耕好”。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">5</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">奉和鲁望寒日古人名一绝</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">唐:皮日休</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">北顾欢游悲沈宋,南徐陵寑叹齐梁。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">水边韶景无穷柳,寒被江淹一半黄。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是一首姓名诗,里面依次嵌入了南朝诗人顾欢,唐初诗人沈佺期、宋之问,南朝诗人徐陵,东汉文人边韶,南朝文学家江淹,共六个古人名。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">6</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">山中吟赠徐十二 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">清:祝湘珩</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">山人住深山,日与山为友。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">山风吹我衣,山月落我手。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">起行山随身,寂坐山到牗。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">爱山不厌多,看山不厌久。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">无事访山居,饮尔山中酒。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是一首复字诗。句句有“山”字,但是不显拖沓,反倒明快随意。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">7</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">十二属诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">南北朝:沈炯</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">鼠迹生尘案,牛羊暮下来。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">虎啸坐空谷,兔月向窗开。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">龙隰远青翠,蛇柳近徘徊。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">马兰方远摘,羊负始春栽。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">猴栗羞芳果,鸡跖引清怀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">狗其怀物外,猪蠡窅悠哉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">十二生肖是中华民族特有的文化现象,与每一个人的一生相伴,因此十二生肖诗从古至今,一直受到人们喜爱。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">8</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">四少 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">明:息斋居士</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">口中言少,心头事少。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">肚中食少,自然睡少。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">彼此四少,神仙可了。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是独韵诗,全诗用同一个字作韵脚。也是一首很好的养生诗。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">9</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">叠字律诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">唐:寒山</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">杳杳寒山道,落落冷涧滨。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">啾啾常有鸟,寂寂更无人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">淅淅风吹面,纷纷雪积身。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">朝朝不见日,岁岁不知春。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">叠字诗难写,叠字律诗更难写,这首诗以八对叠字写山景、时空、物候,衬托诗人孤寂的隐居心态。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">10</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">游西湖 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">明:袁宏道</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一日湖上行,一日湖上坐。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一日湖上住,一日湖上卧。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是排比诗。平淡无奇中表达一种洒脱的情怀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">11</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一字诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">清:何佩玉</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一花一柳一鱼矶,一抹斜阳一鸟飞。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一山一水一禅寺,一林黄叶一僧归。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">通过几组景物的列举,表达人与自然和谐一体的诗意。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">12</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">尖塔诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">清:吴敬梓</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">呆</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">秀才</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">吃长斋</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">胡须满腮</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">经书揭不开</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">纸笔自己安排</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">明年不请我自来</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">尖塔诗,也叫宝塔诗,从一言起句,依次增加字数,从一字到七字句逐句成韵,叠成两句为一韵。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">13</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">志士诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋:刘一止</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">日月明朝昏,山风岚自起。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">石皮破仍坚,古木枯不死。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">可人何当来?意若重千里。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">永言咏黄鹄,志士心未已。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是拆字诗。除第六、八两句外,每句第三字都可拆为前两字,如“明”拆为“日”“月”,“岚”为“山”“风”等;而第六句则“重”拆为“千”“里”,第八句“志”拆为“士”“心”。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">14</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">药名诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">明:吴承恩</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">自从益智登山盟,王不留行送出城。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">路上相逢三棱子,途中催趱马兜铃。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">寻坡转涧求荆芥,迈岭登山拜茯苓。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">防己一身如竹沥,茴香何日拜朝廷?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这首诗选用了益智、王不留行、三棱子、马兜铃、荆芥、伏苓、防己、竹沥、茴香等九味中药。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">15</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">嘲世三句半</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">清:陶铸禹</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">狮子大开口,胡言不怕羞。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一等大滑头,吹牛。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">到处乱唱喏,逢迎太肉麻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">轻轻两手叉,拍马。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">遇事善营谋,削尖和尚头。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">运动称老手,钻狗。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">“三句半”又叫“十七字诗”,全诗四句,前三句均为五字,末句为两字,共十七字。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">16</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">戏题</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋:黄庭坚</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">逍遥近道边,憩息慰惫懑。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">晴晖时晦明,谑语谐谠论。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">草莱荒蒙茏,室屋壅尘坌。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">僮仆侍偪侧,泾渭清浊混。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是联边诗,诗句多用偏旁部首相同的字组成。前四句是说在路边休息谈笑恢复疲劳;后四句是说野外杂草丛生,室内灰尘堆积,僮仆在旁侍候,人品清浊相混。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">17</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">半云庵</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">烧火和尚</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">半山半庵号半云,半留平地半崎嵌。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">半山茅块半山石,半壁青天半壁阴。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">半酒半诗堪避俗,半仙半佛好修心。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">半间房舍半分云,半听松声半听琴。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">这是同头诗,每一句头一个用字完全相同。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">18</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">八至</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">唐:李冶</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">至近至远东西,至深至浅清溪,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">至高至明日月,至亲至疏夫妻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">由远近东西至深浅清溪,再至高明日月,前三句是铺垫,最后一句是点睛。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">19</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">雪诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">唐:张打油</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">江上一笼统,井上黑窟窿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">黄狗身上白,白狗身上肿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">张打油开创了“打油诗”这种诗歌类型,全用俚语,夹杂诙谐。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">20</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">雪诗</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">明:陆诗伯</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大雪洋洋下,柴米都涨价。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">板凳当柴烧,吓得床儿怕。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">和张打油的《雪诗》有异曲同工之妙。</span></p>