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教育部通过全国学生体质健康监测网络,对我国学生健康状况进行监测,监测结果反映中国学生体质发展趋势很不乐观。学生体质的连年下降成为整个民族的共同责任。如何提高学生的身体素质,打响“每天锻炼一小时,幸福生活一辈子”的口号,成为一个刻不容缓的问题。我校通过体育作业的设计与实施,有目的有计划地引导学生开展课余体育锻炼,提高参与体育锻炼的兴趣与积极性。从而有效地衔接课内外的教学,促进学生身心的健康发展,为现代社会终身体育理念的实施和贯彻打下坚实的基础。
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第三小学全体学生
(二)小学体育家庭作业的类型
无论是在城市环境和乡村环境中,体育课后作业都应当充分考虑到学生家庭环境的现实需求。根据家庭作业形式的不同,可分为下列几种类型:
1.独立完成型由于小学阶段的学生,其身体素质相比学前儿童成熟和稳健,能够独立完成一些基本的体育项目。这些项目而无需借助复杂的器械,也能达到体育锻炼的效果。如踢毽子、跳绳、跳远、跳方格、仰卧起坐等项目均是可以自主完成的体育项目,舞蹈、短跑、体操、武术等也是可独立完成的项目。教师可根据体育课标中的要求以及学生的整体身体素质,为学生设定相应的家庭作业任务以及目标,协助学生完成体育活动的达标与质量。
2.搭档配合型合作活动是体育活动中常见的运动项目,如团队合作型中的篮球、足球、橄榄球等;对抗型,有乒乓球、羽毛球、网球等。在课后体育作业中,通过同学以及同小区的同伴之间相互配合开展体育活动,有助于学生全方位身体素质的培养和配合竞争意识的树立。
3.探索型探索性活动在教学中不是严格的体育项目,但是与体育活动的内涵与要义息息相关。如爬山、攀援、划船等活动项目,根据不同地方的地理环境特点和条件来进行开展。除了依托自然野外的体育项目,游泳、轮滑、平衡车等活动,也是在成熟的城市环境中可以进行的项目。
4.游戏型伙伴之间通过设定追逐类、技巧类、对抗类、合作类的小游戏来满足体育锻炼的要求,同时也提高了作业的趣味性。学生在放松身心的同时,也锻炼了身体,如撕名牌、跳山羊、丢手绢等游戏形式能够激发学生的运动兴趣,参与的积极性较高。
5.必选型作业为促进《体质健康达标测试》及格率。根据不同学段,我校的体育作业为以下内容。
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首先要让家长从思想上理解体育家庭作业能促动学生身体健康发展的作业。引导家长和教师配合,做到严格监督及督促学生完成体育家庭作业。
(二)、完善管理制度
体育作业同其它学科作业不同,学生完成作业的效果如何并不能通过改作业而得知。所以建立一个行而有效的管理制度对体育家庭作业的实施非常重要。首先要建立检察制度。在各组选择2名组长每天对学生的体育家庭作业记录卡实行检察并登记。在小组自评栏里组长可填上星星来表示满意度。5颗星全部完成非常满意,4星为缺1-2人比较满意,三星为缺3-4人有点失败,二星为缺5人以上非常失败。表3为作业登记表。
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第三小学全体学生
(二)小学体育家庭作业的类型
无论是在城市环境和乡村环境中,体育课后作业都应当充分考虑到学生家庭环境的现实需求。根据家庭作业形式的不同,可分为下列几种类型:
1.独立完成型由于小学阶段的学生,其身体素质相比学前儿童成熟和稳健,能够独立完成一些基本的体育项目。这些项目而无需借助复杂的器械,也能达到体育锻炼的效果。如踢毽子、跳绳、跳远、跳方格、仰卧起坐等项目均是可以自主完成的体育项目,舞蹈、短跑、体操、武术等也是可独立完成的项目。教师可根据体育课标中的要求以及学生的整体身体素质,为学生设定相应的家庭作业任务以及目标,协助学生完成体育活动的达标与质量。
2.搭档配合型合作活动是体育活动中常见的运动项目,如团队合作型中的篮球、足球、橄榄球等;对抗型,有乒乓球、羽毛球、网球等。在课后体育作业中,通过同学以及同小区的同伴之间相互配合开展体育活动,有助于学生全方位身体素质的培养和配合竞争意识的树立。
3.探索型探索性活动在教学中不是严格的体育项目,但是与体育活动的内涵与要义息息相关。如爬山、攀援、划船等活动项目,根据不同地方的地理环境特点和条件来进行开展。除了依托自然野外的体育项目,游泳、轮滑、平衡车等活动,也是在成熟的城市环境中可以进行的项目。
4.游戏型伙伴之间通过设定追逐类、技巧类、对抗类、合作类的小游戏来满足体育锻炼的要求,同时也提高了作业的趣味性。学生在放松身心的同时,也锻炼了身体,如撕名牌、跳山羊、丢手绢等游戏形式能够激发学生的运动兴趣,参与的积极性较高。
5.必选型作业为促进《体质健康达标测试》及格率。根据不同学段,我校的体育作业为以下内容。
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首先要让家长从思想上理解体育家庭作业能促动学生身体健康发展的作业。引导家长和教师配合,做到严格监督及督促学生完成体育家庭作业。
(二)、完善管理制度
体育作业同其它学科作业不同,学生完成作业的效果如何并不能通过改作业而得知。所以建立一个行而有效的管理制度对体育家庭作业的实施非常重要。首先要建立检察制度。在各组选择2名组长每天对学生的体育家庭作业记录卡实行检察并登记。在小组自评栏里组长可填上星星来表示满意度。5颗星全部完成非常满意,4星为缺1-2人比较满意,三星为缺3-4人有点失败,二星为缺5人以上非常失败。表3为作业登记表。
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