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为促进青年教师专业成长,深入研究新课标教学理念,建构生本课堂,提高教学水平和教学效率,2022年10月25日,海口观澜湖华侨学校“名师助成长”系列活动之初中物理教研活动如期举行。本次活动我们有幸邀请到海南省研训院王理想专家团队走进观侨,在海口观澜湖华侨学校高中物理教研组长胡锦耀老师的主持下,活动逐项展开。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvZTFhNGU4OTAwODhkY2NjZGRlMjYxZTI1ZWU2MjNlOTRfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"eb593a4f58b60acb5a137ffb28052bbb"},"img_height":664,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/e16b2de3d4384fc18f086aba49277c86__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"本次活动共有三个环节。
一、课堂展示
二、评课环节
三、“基于核心素养的初中学生科学探究能力培养”讲座
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvZTE2YjJkZTNkNDM4NGZjMThmMDg2YWJhNDkyNzdjODZfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"05da32dff03ee87cb18d8d2d854f2ffc"},"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"subtitle_align":"center","subtitle_color":"#010101","subtitle_font_size":"medium","subtitle_style_id":1,"text":"课堂展示","type":6},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"ea7acd5f7824d29c7d82441d33c96a04"},"img_height":802,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/78922aeb6e9ed48db83a6bd636e8499a__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"首先进行的是《“伏安法”测电阻》的同课异构课堂展示,承课老师分别是海口观澜湖华侨学校戴才波老师和琼山华侨中学熊序老师。第一节授课老师戴老师,第二节熊序老师。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNzg5MjJhZWI2ZTllZDQ4ZGI4M2E2YmQ2MzZlODQ5OWFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"40511a5180d32c4325921c07f00be00e"},"img_height":692,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/4c1837cd529f4830ae640ae4a3300bd3__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"戴老师通过复习旧知的方式,让学生回顾“探究电流与电压的关系”实验电路图、主要电路元件的作用和欧姆定律的公式,并填写在实验报告中,小组展示点评。在此环节中,戴老师结合欧姆定律引导学生思考“探究电流与电压的关系”的电路图还有什么作用,自然引出还可以测量电阻的大小。而利用电压表测量电压,电流表测量电流,并根据欧姆定律的变换式就可以求出电阻的大小,这种测量电阻方法就叫做“伏安法”测电阻。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNGMxODM3Y2Q1MjlmNDgzMGFlNjQwYWU0YTMzMDBiZDNfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"ac675f10e7e1ea2594b516552b9ff85d"},"img_height":900,"img_size":580,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/18d2a2c8716c57440af20bf0e50d3622__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"在接下来的过程中,戴老师派代表上台根据电路图连接电路,其他同学检查电路没有问题后,让同学们以小组为单位讨论测量方案和计划,并完成实验报告中实验目的、实验原理、表格设计和实验步骤的填写,在展示的过程中,同学们补充了实验过程中的注意事项。另外,戴老师还特别引导学生思考,滑动变阻器在这个实验中的作用,为下面实验操作时多次测量做好铺垫,接下来就是同学们实验探究的时间了。戴老师将同学们进行分组,一部分小组测量小灯泡的电阻,另一部分小组测量未知定值电阻的阻值。同学们根据所测量的数据进行分析、交流与讨论,最后发现,定值电阻的阻值不受它两端电压和通过它的电流的影响,而小灯泡灯丝的电阻却随温度的升高而增大。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMThkMmEyYzg3MTZjNTc0NDBhZjIwYmYwZTUwZDM2MjJfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"86991d8c996ef01dedee91fa5d155c66"},"img_height":1600,"img_size":763,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/30682a30b3520035bd752bd5681b5fe3__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"无论是设计实验,还是分析数据,戴老师设置启发性问题,不断引导学生思考,给足了学生思考和实践的空间和时间,为培养学生的科学思维搭建“平台”。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMzA2ODJhMzBiMzUyMDAzNWJkNzUyYmQ1NjgxYjVmZTNfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"5d9f297c99210dfed976ec5ea1590fa9"},"img_height":900,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/f5fbc823504628aebc8906bd162e88b8__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"熊老师通过连接简单电路,让灯泡发光,并提问:如何改变灯泡的亮度?同学们认为可以改变电池的节数来实现,熊老师提出除此之外,她还有其他方法,她在电路中串联一节铅笔芯,果然,灯泡的亮度变暗了,原来串联铅笔芯可以改变电路中的电阻,进而改变灯泡两端电压和电流,于是,熊老师趁机提问,我们能否知道接入电路的铅笔芯电阻是多少吗?同时向同学们展示,前面学习过的电路元件和测量仪器,并提问:可以直接测量电阻的大小吗?当然不能,进而引出,可以间接测量电阻的大小。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvZjVmYmM4MjM1MDQ2MjhhZWJjODkwNmJkMTYyZTg4YjhfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"5e4677f14e952f4687252d76c5a81efe"},"img_height":802,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/351cc35534d435973ba98f874b0dd589__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"为了测量电阻的大小,就需要先设计电路图,熊老师让同学们自行设计电路,并派代表上台展示。根据展示的电路图,只能测量一组实验数据,而通过一组实验数据就得出的实验结论具有偶然性,熊老师引导学生思考,要想实现多次测量,应该怎么办呢?由此自然引出滑动变阻器的作用,让同学们对原来的电路图进行改进。接着,派代表上台连接电路实物图,在连接过程中,熊老师故意设置障碍,将连接电路时电表调零、开关状态、电表量程的选择等注意事项渗透在其中。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMzUxY2MzNTUzNGQ0MzU5NzNiYTk4Zjg3NGIwZGQ1ODlfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"197fa67c0dcd4fc8968d9541de94b65b"},"img_height":900,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/3f9f4b94ce81c3ab2a113dd0049fba21__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"紧接着,同学们根据熊老师所给的实验步骤进行实验,并将数据记录在表格中,以小组为单位开始进行实验,各小组有序而快速地完成实验,测量未知阻值的定值电阻和灯泡灯丝的电阻。在处理数据的环节,对于定值电阻的阻值是个定值,多次测量之后应该取多少呢?熊老师循循善诱,引导同学们说出取平均值的方法,但灯泡灯丝的阻值受温度影响,随着温度的升高,阻值在变大,所以不能取平均值。最后还向同学们展示了将来会学到的多用电表,利用它可以直接测量电阻大小。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvM2Y5ZjRiOTRjZTgxYzNhYjJhMTEzZGQwMDQ5ZmJhMjFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"6bc034025ab5897ce8da2dec5ac5c4f8"},"img_height":900,"img_size":263,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/4608e591d829b32dd0f8cd728622d42b__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"在整堂课中,熊老师过渡自然,逻辑清晰,各环节环环相扣,层层深入,课堂氛围看起来轻松愉悦又充实。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNDYwOGU1OTFkODI5YjMyZGQwZjhjZDcyODYyMmQ0MmJfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"a8220915fac885a318d6a71db3bf64d0"},"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"subtitle_align":"center","subtitle_color":"#010101","subtitle_font_size":"medium","subtitle_style_id":1,"text":"评课环节","type":6},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"1d038017f7aa64f36e63eba2b5811d83"},"img_height":900,"img_size":426,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/b90c41edba635e7951f96362a174ab67__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"在此环节中,首先由两位授课老师介绍本节课的设计思路。戴才波老师说,上课之前很明确“伏安法”测电阻是欧姆定律的应用,想借此机会放手让学生在已有知识的基础上自主设计实验和制定计划,让学生在小组讨论的过程中,完成实验原理、步骤和表格的设计,培养学生设计实验的能力。但是在整个实验设计环节和小灯泡的数据分析时,并没有做到十分满意。
熊序老师说,“伏安法”测电阻涉及的知识点较多,自己也有取舍,本节课更多的是引导学生明确实验目的,根据实验目的展开实验以及分析多次测量的理由,学生的基础比较好,探究过程比较顺畅,对老师提出的问题总是回答得很到位,而自己预设的一些问题并没有体现出来。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvYjkwYzQxZWRiYTYzNWU3OTUxZjk2MzYyYTE3NGFiNjdfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"5fae254e36866764c874fdb6dda892df"},"img_height":802,"img_size":391,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/5bbd024d3549af0c661acbe038f83261__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNWJiZDAyNGQzNTQ5YWYwYzY2MWFjYmUwMzhmODMyNjFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"67d6a65f1478ac172e0a12ec79420798"},"img_height":686,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/8c866a21192740e890e33efdb91a6dd1__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"我校高中部物理组教研组长胡锦耀老师说,两位老师都采用了小组合作的方式,引导学生对实验原理的理解、电路的设计和表格的设计方面都进行了精心的设计和预测,但又有所不同,戴老师以复习旧知识的方式激发学生兴趣,侧重于让学生在讨论中完善实验方案,在设计表格上花心思下功夫。而熊老师以实验导入,导入环节接入笔芯,导致灯泡变暗,更容易抓住学生。看得出来两位老师都对这节课进行了精心的准备,也特别感谢两位老师为我们奉献了两堂精彩的课!
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvOGM4NjZhMjExOTI3NDBlODkwZTMzZWZkYjkxYTZkZDFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"2b40c6134a245cd0a8e09add112b0916"},"img_height":588,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/b89d96e70ed3456db6adfd356e1d2e94__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"我校高中部物理教师尹国佳老师说,戴老师的课侧重于实验方法、技能的培养,熊老师更侧重于探究过程。初中核心素养更强调让学生关注科技、生产生活和能力,在生产生活、科学发展中学习物理,老师的引入可以更大胆一点,注意知识的拓展、学生的心理,把学生的兴趣放在前面,培养学生的科学态度。熊老师最后向学生展示万用电表直接测量电阻大小更好,但是初中还没有学习到万用电表测电阻的原理,当学生到了高中或者大学,有了更高深的知识,就会有更科学的测量手段,让学生有学习更高知识的期盼,从而激发学生的学习兴趣和动力。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvYjg5ZDk2ZTcwZWQzNDU2ZGI2YWRmZDM1NmUxZDJlOTRfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"644eb31950d89d8fb02487a20238ee2e"},"img_height":900,"img_size":375,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/2e28f4d112071878cd39882ce1efe98d__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"我校高中部教学副校长黄春桃副校说,我们的课堂应该给学生更多的思考空间,点燃学生的求知欲望。对于电阻的测量,不同材料的电阻不同,可以通过几句话引导学生对材料科学的思考,目前,我国在材料科学的代购和研究以及西电东输等大工程是比较尖端前沿的,可以在这渗透一定的爱国教育和民族自信教育。我们不单是要学习一个知识,而是要用到生活之中,所谓的核心素养,就是知识和思维要逐渐贯彻生活,联系实际。同时,黄校代表观侨对王理想老师和熊序老师的到来表示感谢!并给两位老师颁发证书!
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMmUyOGY0ZDExMjA3MTg3OGNkMzk4ODJjZTFlZmU5OGRfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"ffcd0ec66a3d2f8316b3f6ff32be7086"},"img_height":900,"img_size":322,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/87e2029ae1d1130ad3cb1c6ceeb8c388__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvODdlMjAyOWFlMWQxMTMwYWQzY2IxYzZjZWViOGMzODhfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"07f82289e77f7e904b54e7271c2753e3"},"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"subtitle_align":"center","subtitle_color":"#010101","subtitle_font_size":"medium","subtitle_style_id":1,"text":"讲座","type":6},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"6edeb226b65b97d5b333c3d4543122ef"},"img_height":802,"img_size":292,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/a5874ac89a710d1ddb3a4cd8455b8aaf__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"接下来由海南省研训院专家王理想老师为我们带来讲座—《基于核心素养的初中科学探究能力培养》。王老师首先向我们展示了初中物理课程标准中的实验探究类别,有测量类学生必做实验和探究类学生必做实验。并以两位老师的课为例,结合课程标准中的科学探究、目标要求、规范物理实验教学、学生必做实验和教学策略建议,向我们详细的解读基于核心素养的探究能力的培养。王老师表示两位老师的课都注重培养学生的思维能力。在处理多组数据方面,体现了物理观念,熊老师顺应学生的发展,引导学生,从而得出求平均值的处理方法,戴老师则结合学生的数据,给学生展示数据,向学生提问,引发学生思考。在科学探究方面,两位老师的实验目的、实验原理的引导都很清楚,熊老师根据实验引入更情境化一点,激起学生的学习兴趣。戴老师在设计实验环节,实验目的、原理、表格和步骤都让学生自己设计,这更有利于培养学生实验设计方案、收集证据的能力。如果两位老师在处理小灯泡灯丝电阻受温度影响这一环节,能够放手让学生自己思考、彼此交流、总结得出结论效果更佳。另外,熊老师在这一环节还增加演示实验佐证了灯丝电阻受温度的影响。关于目标要求,两位老师做非常好,都说明了实验所需要的仪器和滑动变阻器的功能,特别是熊老师还出示了电路元件的符号,让学生思考无法直接测量电阻的情况下只能间接测量,要使实验结论更准确就需要多次测量,自然地引入滑动变阻器。除此之外,王老师还提到,无论是演示实验还是分组实验,都要注意启发学生,读数类仪器放远处,操作类仪器放近处。对于上台发言的学生,表扬和赞美都要及时。在科学态度与责任方面,要鼓励学生交流、评估、反思,不单是交流实验结果,还要交流实验方案和实验过程,常常要利用身边的环境和资源设计问题,关注学生对实验方案的设计和收集证据能力的培养。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvYTU4NzRhYzg5YTcxMGQxZGRiM2E0Y2Q4NDU1YjhhYWZfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"b545fa24adea8b8bae1b59aeb5b411e2"},"img_height":802,"img_size":344,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/3a171388984fbca7e1d68ab8485da24d__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"最后,王老师表示两位老师的课给他很多思考,也鼓励我们积极参与这样的活动,大胆争取训练的机会,努力学习,主动成长。
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","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvZTFhNGU4OTAwODhkY2NjZGRlMjYxZTI1ZWU2MjNlOTRfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"eb593a4f58b60acb5a137ffb28052bbb"},"img_height":664,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/e16b2de3d4384fc18f086aba49277c86__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"本次活动共有三个环节。
一、课堂展示
二、评课环节
三、“基于核心素养的初中学生科学探究能力培养”讲座
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvZTE2YjJkZTNkNDM4NGZjMThmMDg2YWJhNDkyNzdjODZfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"05da32dff03ee87cb18d8d2d854f2ffc"},"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"subtitle_align":"center","subtitle_color":"#010101","subtitle_font_size":"medium","subtitle_style_id":1,"text":"课堂展示","type":6},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"ea7acd5f7824d29c7d82441d33c96a04"},"img_height":802,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/78922aeb6e9ed48db83a6bd636e8499a__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"首先进行的是《“伏安法”测电阻》的同课异构课堂展示,承课老师分别是海口观澜湖华侨学校戴才波老师和琼山华侨中学熊序老师。第一节授课老师戴老师,第二节熊序老师。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNzg5MjJhZWI2ZTllZDQ4ZGI4M2E2YmQ2MzZlODQ5OWFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"40511a5180d32c4325921c07f00be00e"},"img_height":692,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/4c1837cd529f4830ae640ae4a3300bd3__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"戴老师通过复习旧知的方式,让学生回顾“探究电流与电压的关系”实验电路图、主要电路元件的作用和欧姆定律的公式,并填写在实验报告中,小组展示点评。在此环节中,戴老师结合欧姆定律引导学生思考“探究电流与电压的关系”的电路图还有什么作用,自然引出还可以测量电阻的大小。而利用电压表测量电压,电流表测量电流,并根据欧姆定律的变换式就可以求出电阻的大小,这种测量电阻方法就叫做“伏安法”测电阻。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNGMxODM3Y2Q1MjlmNDgzMGFlNjQwYWU0YTMzMDBiZDNfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"ac675f10e7e1ea2594b516552b9ff85d"},"img_height":900,"img_size":580,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/18d2a2c8716c57440af20bf0e50d3622__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"在接下来的过程中,戴老师派代表上台根据电路图连接电路,其他同学检查电路没有问题后,让同学们以小组为单位讨论测量方案和计划,并完成实验报告中实验目的、实验原理、表格设计和实验步骤的填写,在展示的过程中,同学们补充了实验过程中的注意事项。另外,戴老师还特别引导学生思考,滑动变阻器在这个实验中的作用,为下面实验操作时多次测量做好铺垫,接下来就是同学们实验探究的时间了。戴老师将同学们进行分组,一部分小组测量小灯泡的电阻,另一部分小组测量未知定值电阻的阻值。同学们根据所测量的数据进行分析、交流与讨论,最后发现,定值电阻的阻值不受它两端电压和通过它的电流的影响,而小灯泡灯丝的电阻却随温度的升高而增大。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMThkMmEyYzg3MTZjNTc0NDBhZjIwYmYwZTUwZDM2MjJfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"86991d8c996ef01dedee91fa5d155c66"},"img_height":1600,"img_size":763,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/30682a30b3520035bd752bd5681b5fe3__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"无论是设计实验,还是分析数据,戴老师设置启发性问题,不断引导学生思考,给足了学生思考和实践的空间和时间,为培养学生的科学思维搭建“平台”。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMzA2ODJhMzBiMzUyMDAzNWJkNzUyYmQ1NjgxYjVmZTNfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"5d9f297c99210dfed976ec5ea1590fa9"},"img_height":900,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/f5fbc823504628aebc8906bd162e88b8__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"熊老师通过连接简单电路,让灯泡发光,并提问:如何改变灯泡的亮度?同学们认为可以改变电池的节数来实现,熊老师提出除此之外,她还有其他方法,她在电路中串联一节铅笔芯,果然,灯泡的亮度变暗了,原来串联铅笔芯可以改变电路中的电阻,进而改变灯泡两端电压和电流,于是,熊老师趁机提问,我们能否知道接入电路的铅笔芯电阻是多少吗?同时向同学们展示,前面学习过的电路元件和测量仪器,并提问:可以直接测量电阻的大小吗?当然不能,进而引出,可以间接测量电阻的大小。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvZjVmYmM4MjM1MDQ2MjhhZWJjODkwNmJkMTYyZTg4YjhfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"5e4677f14e952f4687252d76c5a81efe"},"img_height":802,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/351cc35534d435973ba98f874b0dd589__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"为了测量电阻的大小,就需要先设计电路图,熊老师让同学们自行设计电路,并派代表上台展示。根据展示的电路图,只能测量一组实验数据,而通过一组实验数据就得出的实验结论具有偶然性,熊老师引导学生思考,要想实现多次测量,应该怎么办呢?由此自然引出滑动变阻器的作用,让同学们对原来的电路图进行改进。接着,派代表上台连接电路实物图,在连接过程中,熊老师故意设置障碍,将连接电路时电表调零、开关状态、电表量程的选择等注意事项渗透在其中。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMzUxY2MzNTUzNGQ0MzU5NzNiYTk4Zjg3NGIwZGQ1ODlfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"197fa67c0dcd4fc8968d9541de94b65b"},"img_height":900,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/3f9f4b94ce81c3ab2a113dd0049fba21__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"紧接着,同学们根据熊老师所给的实验步骤进行实验,并将数据记录在表格中,以小组为单位开始进行实验,各小组有序而快速地完成实验,测量未知阻值的定值电阻和灯泡灯丝的电阻。在处理数据的环节,对于定值电阻的阻值是个定值,多次测量之后应该取多少呢?熊老师循循善诱,引导同学们说出取平均值的方法,但灯泡灯丝的阻值受温度影响,随着温度的升高,阻值在变大,所以不能取平均值。最后还向同学们展示了将来会学到的多用电表,利用它可以直接测量电阻大小。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvM2Y5ZjRiOTRjZTgxYzNhYjJhMTEzZGQwMDQ5ZmJhMjFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"6bc034025ab5897ce8da2dec5ac5c4f8"},"img_height":900,"img_size":263,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/4608e591d829b32dd0f8cd728622d42b__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"在整堂课中,熊老师过渡自然,逻辑清晰,各环节环环相扣,层层深入,课堂氛围看起来轻松愉悦又充实。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNDYwOGU1OTFkODI5YjMyZGQwZjhjZDcyODYyMmQ0MmJfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"a8220915fac885a318d6a71db3bf64d0"},"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"subtitle_align":"center","subtitle_color":"#010101","subtitle_font_size":"medium","subtitle_style_id":1,"text":"评课环节","type":6},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"1d038017f7aa64f36e63eba2b5811d83"},"img_height":900,"img_size":426,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/b90c41edba635e7951f96362a174ab67__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"在此环节中,首先由两位授课老师介绍本节课的设计思路。戴才波老师说,上课之前很明确“伏安法”测电阻是欧姆定律的应用,想借此机会放手让学生在已有知识的基础上自主设计实验和制定计划,让学生在小组讨论的过程中,完成实验原理、步骤和表格的设计,培养学生设计实验的能力。但是在整个实验设计环节和小灯泡的数据分析时,并没有做到十分满意。
熊序老师说,“伏安法”测电阻涉及的知识点较多,自己也有取舍,本节课更多的是引导学生明确实验目的,根据实验目的展开实验以及分析多次测量的理由,学生的基础比较好,探究过程比较顺畅,对老师提出的问题总是回答得很到位,而自己预设的一些问题并没有体现出来。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvYjkwYzQxZWRiYTYzNWU3OTUxZjk2MzYyYTE3NGFiNjdfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"5fae254e36866764c874fdb6dda892df"},"img_height":802,"img_size":391,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/5bbd024d3549af0c661acbe038f83261__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvNWJiZDAyNGQzNTQ5YWYwYzY2MWFjYmUwMzhmODMyNjFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"67d6a65f1478ac172e0a12ec79420798"},"img_height":686,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/8c866a21192740e890e33efdb91a6dd1__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"我校高中部物理组教研组长胡锦耀老师说,两位老师都采用了小组合作的方式,引导学生对实验原理的理解、电路的设计和表格的设计方面都进行了精心的设计和预测,但又有所不同,戴老师以复习旧知识的方式激发学生兴趣,侧重于让学生在讨论中完善实验方案,在设计表格上花心思下功夫。而熊老师以实验导入,导入环节接入笔芯,导致灯泡变暗,更容易抓住学生。看得出来两位老师都对这节课进行了精心的准备,也特别感谢两位老师为我们奉献了两堂精彩的课!
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvOGM4NjZhMjExOTI3NDBlODkwZTMzZWZkYjkxYTZkZDFfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"2b40c6134a245cd0a8e09add112b0916"},"img_height":588,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/b89d96e70ed3456db6adfd356e1d2e94__jpg.heic","img_width":966,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"我校高中部物理教师尹国佳老师说,戴老师的课侧重于实验方法、技能的培养,熊老师更侧重于探究过程。初中核心素养更强调让学生关注科技、生产生活和能力,在生产生活、科学发展中学习物理,老师的引入可以更大胆一点,注意知识的拓展、学生的心理,把学生的兴趣放在前面,培养学生的科学态度。熊老师最后向学生展示万用电表直接测量电阻大小更好,但是初中还没有学习到万用电表测电阻的原理,当学生到了高中或者大学,有了更高深的知识,就会有更科学的测量手段,让学生有学习更高知识的期盼,从而激发学生的学习兴趣和动力。
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvYjg5ZDk2ZTcwZWQzNDU2ZGI2YWRmZDM1NmUxZDJlOTRfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"644eb31950d89d8fb02487a20238ee2e"},"img_height":900,"img_size":375,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/2e28f4d112071878cd39882ce1efe98d__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"我校高中部教学副校长黄春桃副校说,我们的课堂应该给学生更多的思考空间,点燃学生的求知欲望。对于电阻的测量,不同材料的电阻不同,可以通过几句话引导学生对材料科学的思考,目前,我国在材料科学的代购和研究以及西电东输等大工程是比较尖端前沿的,可以在这渗透一定的爱国教育和民族自信教育。我们不单是要学习一个知识,而是要用到生活之中,所谓的核心素养,就是知识和思维要逐渐贯彻生活,联系实际。同时,黄校代表观侨对王理想老师和熊序老师的到来表示感谢!并给两位老师颁发证书!
","type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvMmUyOGY0ZDExMjA3MTg3OGNkMzk4ODJjZTFlZmU5OGRfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"ffcd0ec66a3d2f8316b3f6ff32be7086"},"img_height":900,"img_size":322,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/87e2029ae1d1130ad3cb1c6ceeb8c388__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"type":1,"watermark":"?meipian-watermark/bucket/ivwen/key/dXNlcnMvNTUzOTUzODMvODdlMjAyOWFlMWQxMTMwYWQzY2IxYzZjZWViOGMzODhfX2pwZy5oZWlj/nickname/4piA77iPUnQt54Gv4piA77iP/userid/NTUzOTUzODM=/sign/4ff29f8b6f2587e0b68ff204f436f9a0"},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"07f82289e77f7e904b54e7271c2753e3"},"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"subtitle_align":"center","subtitle_color":"#010101","subtitle_font_size":"medium","subtitle_style_id":1,"text":"讲座","type":6},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"6edeb226b65b97d5b333c3d4543122ef"},"img_height":802,"img_size":292,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/55395383/a5874ac89a710d1ddb3a4cd8455b8aaf__jpg.heic","img_width":1200,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":"接下来由海南省研训院专家王理想老师为我们带来讲座—《基于核心素养的初中科学探究能力培养》。王老师首先向我们展示了初中物理课程标准中的实验探究类别,有测量类学生必做实验和探究类学生必做实验。并以两位老师的课为例,结合课程标准中的科学探究、目标要求、规范物理实验教学、学生必做实验和教学策略建议,向我们详细的解读基于核心素养的探究能力的培养。王老师表示两位老师的课都注重培养学生的思维能力。在处理多组数据方面,体现了物理观念,熊老师顺应学生的发展,引导学生,从而得出求平均值的处理方法,戴老师则结合学生的数据,给学生展示数据,向学生提问,引发学生思考。在科学探究方面,两位老师的实验目的、实验原理的引导都很清楚,熊老师根据实验引入更情境化一点,激起学生的学习兴趣。戴老师在设计实验环节,实验目的、原理、表格和步骤都让学生自己设计,这更有利于培养学生实验设计方案、收集证据的能力。如果两位老师在处理小灯泡灯丝电阻受温度影响这一环节,能够放手让学生自己思考、彼此交流、总结得出结论效果更佳。另外,熊老师在这一环节还增加演示实验佐证了灯丝电阻受温度的影响。关于目标要求,两位老师做非常好,都说明了实验所需要的仪器和滑动变阻器的功能,特别是熊老师还出示了电路元件的符号,让学生思考无法直接测量电阻的情况下只能间接测量,要使实验结论更准确就需要多次测量,自然地引入滑动变阻器。除此之外,王老师还提到,无论是演示实验还是分组实验,都要注意启发学生,读数类仪器放远处,操作类仪器放近处。对于上台发言的学生,表扬和赞美都要及时。在科学态度与责任方面,要鼓励学生交流、评估、反思,不单是交流实验结果,还要交流实验方案和实验过程,常常要利用身边的环境和资源设计问题,关注学生对实验方案的设计和收集证据能力的培养。
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