故乡记忆——民间谚语

吕殿增

<p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">我的家乡天津宁河位于华北平原东部,濒临渤海,地处北京、天津、唐山三市之腹。历史悠久,民间文化艺术源远流长。境内发现新石器时代实物遗存说明:早在四千年前,我们的祖先就在宁河这块肥沃的土地上辛勤劳作,创造着人类的物质文明和精神文明,这里有着丰厚的文化底蕴,良好的民族习俗,流传的谚语是人民实践经验的艺术总结,它全面地表现了人民的世界观,人民的处世哲学,是传统文化思想的重要组成部分。</span></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><span style="font-size:20px;">家乡流传的谚语最大特点是精练,一两句话却包容了深刻的哲理。它反映了家乡人民的生活方式、历史背景、宗教信仰以及民族文化,是民间口头创作和文化遗产中的珍贵宝藏。谚语之所以倍受人民群众喜爱,很重要的原因就在于它具有适合人民群众欣赏趣味的艺术特征。按其内容可分为农时生产类、气象时令类、日常生活类、人生哲理类、体育卫生类、人生论语类、社会类、家庭类、其它等如下九大类:</span></p> <h1><b style="font-size:22px;">(一)农时生产类</b></h1><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:20px;">家乡的农业谚语,今天看来,可以说是一种哲理性或科学性的短谣。虽然极短,但内容却十分丰富深刻,是对农业生产的经验总结。它是民间的学问,被人民作为知识的宝库代代相传,不断丰富、发展,随着时代的进步,新的谚语仍在不断产生,层岀不穷。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">春打六九头,粮食遍地流。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">五九六九开河看柳。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">七九不种麦,八九没土盖。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">种麦不怕草,就怕坷垃咬。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">种地不使粪,等于瞎胡混。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">庄稼一枝花,全靠粪当家。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">要想发,种棉花瓜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">春旱不算旱,秋旱减一半。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">春寒收麦,秋寒收菜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人误地一时,地误人一年。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">秋耕深一寸,能顶一茬粪。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">粪大水勤不用问人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">猪是家中宝,粪是地里金</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">藏谷露麦,芝麻浅盖。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">谷雨前后,种瓜种豆。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">二月清明一片春,三月清明一片冰。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">寒食冻破缸。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">芒种不可强种。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有钱买种,没钱买苗。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">五月不耪地,六月干生气。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">六月六,看谷秀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">旱耪田,涝浇园。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">立秋十八天,寸草皆秀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">白露不伤镰。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">白露不秀,寒露不熟。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">白露不露头,割了喂老牛。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">白露早,寒露迟,秋分种麦正当时。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">高粱不能种重茬,种了重茬全苗瞎。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">夏至十天麦场空。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">暑伏冷一个豆粒收一捧,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">暑伏热一个豆粒打一个。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">头伏萝卜二伏菜,三伏种荞麦。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">七月十五定旱涝,八月十五定收成。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">霜降早,小雪迟,立冬浇麦正当时。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">立冬不砍菜,冻了你别怪。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">头年芝麻二年瓜,三年玉米长的大。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">八月凉,九月温,十月还有小阴春。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">八月葱,九月空,十月不刨等立冬。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(二)气象时令类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:20px;">气象谚语是故乡人民看天经验的总结,经世代相传验证往往有的很灵验,它与农、林、牧、渔各业关系都很密切。这些经验虽然有一定适应性,但也不一定很全面,有地域性和随机性,只能作为气象预报的参考。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">七九河开河不开,八九雁来雁不来。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">七九不动手,八九把地走。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">东风不过晌,过晌嗡嗡响。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">二八月乱穿衣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">寒食刮了坟上土,庄稼佬白受苦。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">三月春雨贵如油。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">大旱小旱,旱不过五月十三。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不怕初一下,就怕初二阴。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">长五月,短十月。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">头伏有雨二伏旱,三伏有雨吃饱饭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">三伏定旱涝,祛暑看年成。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">暑伏凉,浇倒墙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">大暑小暑灌死老鼠。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">黑夜下雨白天晴,打的粮食没处盛。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">云往东,车马通,云往西,穿雨衣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">先下牛毛没大雨,后下牛毛不晴天。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">亮一亮,下一丈。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">早霞阴,晚霞晴。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">早霞不出门,晚霞行千里。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">早怕东南,晚怕西北。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">蚂蚁搬家蛇过道,大雨眨眼要来到。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">天上无云不下雨,地上无风不扬尘。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">青蛙叫的欢,必有阴雨天。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">天上鱼鳞斑,不雨也风颠。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">老云接驾,不阴就下。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">水缸穿裙,雨要降临。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">雷公先唱歌,有雨也不多。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">旱刮东风不下雨,涝到西风不晴天。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">今晚蠓虫多,明日有雨落。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">火烧云晒死人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">今晚火烧云,明日晒死人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">河里鱼打花,天上有雨下。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">日落云里走,雨落半夜后。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">日晕三更雨,月晕午时风。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">清早浮云走,中午晒死狗。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">大雾三天必有雨。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">秋雨不漏薄。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">风后暖,雪后寒。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">风过午,猛如虎。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">八月十五云遮月,正月十五雪打灯。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一场秋雨一场凉,十场秋雨顶场霜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">立冬见凌碴。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">冬至长,夏至短。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">小雪封地,大雪封河。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">冷在三九,热在中伏。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">小寒大寒又一年。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(三)日常生活类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:20px;">生活谚语广泛地涉及人生的各个方面。如何为人处事、待人接物?谚语多有具体总结。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人是铁、饭是钢,一顿不吃饿的慌。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">零打酒整买盐。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">长木匠,短铁匠。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">紧打酒,慢打油。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">管闲事落不事。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">牙痛不算病,疼起要人命。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一人难称万人意。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">十层单不如一层棉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">穷家难舍,故土难离。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">破家值万贯。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不听老人言,吃亏在眼前。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">抢着不够,让着有余。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">吃一看二眼观三。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">吃着碗里,看着锅里。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">年怕中秋月怕半,星期就怕礼拜三。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人怕过中年,天怕过晌午。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">起个大早,赶个晚集。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">偏方治大病。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">活人不能让尿憋死。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span>十年河东,十年河西。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">桃饱人,杏伤人,李子树下埋死人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人比人气死人,货比货就得扔。能人背后有能人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">萝卜快了不洗泥。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">挨着勤的没有懒的。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">站着说话不腰疼。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">心急吃不上煤火饭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">穷家富路,出门是财主。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">磨刀不误砍柴工。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">便宜设好货,好货不便宜。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(四)人生哲理类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">人生哲学谚语表现了朴素的辩证法和唯物主义的哲学思想,是研究人民哲学观念的重要资料。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">从小看大,三岁知老。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">三天看媳妇,百天看孩儿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不做亏心事,不怕鬼叫门。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">脚正不怕鞋歪,身正不怕影子斜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人老猫腰,树老焦梢。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">庄稼不好一季,老婆不好是一辈。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人老话多,树老根多。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">酒后吐真言。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人无外号不富,马无夜草不肥。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">贼偷方便,火烧邋遢。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">姑舅亲辈辈亲,姨表亲当辈亲。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">喝凉酒使官钱必有后患。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">比上不足比下有余。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">吃人家的嘴短,拿人家的手短。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一正压百邪,一福压百祸。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">真人不说假话,明人不做暗事。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不当家不知柴米贵,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不养儿不知父母恩。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">小孩说实话。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">前三十年看父敬子,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">后三十年看子敬父。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">福不双至,祸不单行。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">庄稼佬三宗宝,丑妻近地破棉袄。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">树大招风。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人怕出名猪怕壮。 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">饱带干粮热带衣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">久病床前无孝子。少年夫妻老来伴。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">官船漏,官马瘦,官客来了满街溜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">棍棒出孝子,娇惯养逆儿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人怕当爷,布怕做鞋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人有拐棍摔不倒,有事商量错不了。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">远水不解近渴,远亲不如近邻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">笑一笑,十年少;愁一愁,白了头。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">树高千仗,落叶归根。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">没有规矩,不成方圆,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人靠人帮,花靠叶衬。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人抬人高,水涨船高。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">大河有水小河满,大河无水小河干。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">君子之交淡如水。人有旦夕祸福。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">交人交心,浇花浇根。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">千里送鹅毛,礼轻人意重。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">亲戚有远近,朋友有厚薄。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">牛马年好庄田,就怕鸡猴这两年。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">饱时给一斗,不如饥时给一口。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">跟着啥人学啥人,跟着巫婆跳大神。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">宁穿朋友衣,不戏朋友妻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">留得青山在,不愁没柴烧。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">车到山前必有路。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好汉护三村,好狗护三邻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不怕人穷,就怕志短。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一朝被蛇咬,三年怕井绳。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">上轿的闺女哭是笑,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">落第的举子笑是哭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有钱的气粗,没钱的理短。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">卤水点豆腐,一物降一物。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">丰年要当歉年过,常将有时当无时。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">吃人家嘴短,拿人家手短。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">树枝连根,十指连心。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">狗眼看人低。 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">耳不听,心不烦,眼不见,嘴不馋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">山河易改,秉性难移。 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不怕人不敬,就怕己不正。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">黄金缺少,黄土为贵。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">初生牛犊不怕虎。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有啥别有病,缺啥别缺钱。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">十个媒婆九个谎。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">耳听为虚,眼见为实。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">顺的好吃,横的难咽。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">磨刀不误砍柴工。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">会说的不如会听的。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">是话有因,是草有根。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">赶路最怕脚懒,学习最怕自满。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">贪食的鱼儿易上钩。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">云彩厚了要下雨,闲话多了惹事非。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span>舌长事多,夜长梦多。 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">马上摔死英雄汉,河中淹死会水人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">争着不足,让着有余。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">忍得一时气,免得百日灾。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">话将舌边留半句,事到理上让三分。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">敬君子其中有意,怕小人不算无知。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">旁观者清,当事者迷。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">远道无轻载。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人勤地生宝,人懒地长草。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">能勤不能俭,到头没积攒,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">阳春三月不做工,十冬腊月喝北风。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">笑脏笑破不笑补,笑懒笑馋不笑苦。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">强迫不是买卖,捆绑不成夫妻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">宁拆一座庙,不拆一家婚。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">买屋看梁,娶女看娘。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">窗户纸一捅就破。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">背着抱着一般沉。 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">包子有肉不在褶上。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">哪里黄土都埋人。 </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">斗大的字不认识半升。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不比不知道,一比吓一跳。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(五)体育卫生类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">体育卫生类谚语是人民防病及长寿的总结,有的符合医学原理对人民健康起了很好的作用。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">春捂秋冻,能治百病。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">饿不急食,渴不急饮。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">要想身体好,吃饭八成饱。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">贪吃贪睡,添病减岁。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">睡前敞敞窗,一夜睡得香。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">伤筋动骨一百天。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">贪多嚼不烂。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">早起早睡,精神百倍。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">笑一笑少一少,愁一愁白了头。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">冬不坐石,夏不坐木。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">饭后百步走,活到九十九。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">少吃一口,舒服一宿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">运动运动,疾病难碰。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">冻冻晒晒身体强,捂捂盖盖脸发黄。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span>冬不蒙头,夏不露腹。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">宁吃鲜桃一口,不吃烂杏一筐。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">慢病在养,急病在治。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">冬练三九,夏练三伏。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(六)人生论语类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">每种文化都有其谚语和明智的说法。它们不仅反映了文化的价值,也是古人的集体智慧和对生活的理解的源泉。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">听过不如见过,见过不如干过。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">喊破嗓子,不如甩开膀子。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">苗怕虫咬,孩怕娇惯。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">养子不教,不如不要。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">当着矮子别说短话。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人有失手,马有失蹄。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">没有不透风的墙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">针鼻大的窟窿斗大的风。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">水流千里终归大海。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">抢着不够,让着有余。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">铁打的衙门流水的官。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">宁走十步远,不走一步险</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(七)社会类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:20px;">社会谚语内容也很丰富,它总结人民的社会经验,表现了人民的处世哲学。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不怕县官,就怕现管。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">老将出马,一个顶俩。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人怂怂一个,将怂怂一窝。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人的名儿,树的形儿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人往高处走,水往低处流。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">常在河边走,哪有不湿鞋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人过留名,雁过留声。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好汉不提当年勇。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">十年树木,百年树人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">上梁不正底梁歪。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">穿新鞋走老路。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打铁先得自身硬。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不打勤的,不打懒的,专打没眼的。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span>不做亏心事,不怕鬼叫门。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人家牵驴,你拔橛儿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">干部带了头儿,社员有劲头儿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">前人栽树,后人乘凉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">村看村,户看户,社员看干部。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">转转看看,不如实际干干。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">耳不听心不烦,眼不见嘴不馋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">吃人家嘴短,拿人家手短。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(八)家庭类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">家乡人认为和谐的家庭是成功和幸福的基础,由于人民珍惜家庭的方式,他们创造了许多生动的谚语。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">清官难断家务事。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">家家都有一本难念的经。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">家有千口,主事一人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">家有黄金用斗量,不如让儿上学堂。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一日夫妻百日恩,百日夫妻似海深。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">丑媳妇怕见公婆。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">十年修得同船渡,百年修得共枕眠。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span>远亲不如近邻,近邻不如对门。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">你敬我一尺,我敬你一丈。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">家有一老,胜似珍宝。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">巧媳妇难做没米的饭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一家有事,四邻不安。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">爹死娘嫁人,个人顾个人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">常赶集没有碰不上亲家的。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">儿不嫌母丑,狗不嫌家贫。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">穷灶膛,富水缸。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">早起三光,晚起三慌。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">在家敬父母,何必远烧香。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人怕王法草怕霜,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">过日子就怕瞎铺张。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">(九)其它类</b></p><p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">家乡民间谚语是对人生、社会和自然万物观察的经验总结,说出含义很深的哲理。阐明一种观点,说明一个问题,从而在群众中广为流传,发挥出较强的生命力,成为人民生活的百科全书。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">锣不打不响,话不说不透。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">兔子不吃窝边草。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">喜鹊叫,好事到。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">麻雀虽小,五脏俱全。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">杀鸡给猴看。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打不起(着)黄鼬惹股子臊。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">跑了和尚跑不了庙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">枪打出头鸟。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">嘴上没毛,办事不牢。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人熟是一宝。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">三岁看大,七岁看老。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">咸吃萝卜淡操心。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">地动山摇,花子撂瓢。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">受多大苦,享多大福。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打开窗户说亮话。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">出头的椽子先烂。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">七十不打,八十不骂。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">官不修衙,客不修店。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">催生饺子落生面。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不怕贼偷,就怕贼惦着。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">害人之心不能有,防人之心不可无。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span>伸手不打笑脸人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">真人不露相,露相不真人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有钱男子汉,无钱汉子难。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一物降一物,棒子骨头降葫芦。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不怕慢,就怕站。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">龙找龙凤找凤,菜姑蛇专找花长虫。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">屎壳郎带花,臭美的没法。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">善有善报,恶有恶报,不是不报, </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">时候未到,时候一到,必然有报。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好事不出门,坏事传千里。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">剃头的挑子一头热。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">没有受不了的苦,只有享不了的福。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">单巴掌拍不响。寡妇门前是非多。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">躲得过初一,躲不过十五。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打破沙锅问到底。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打骡子,马也惊。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打狗看主人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打是喜欢,骂是爱。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">顺情说好话,耿直万人嫌。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">狗肚子盛不下二两香油。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">心比天高,命比纸薄。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">小姐身子,丫鬟命。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">开弓没有回头箭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">狗啃骨头干咽沫。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">鱼过千层网,网网有漏鱼。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">苍蝇不叮无缝的蛋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">家丑不可外扬。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">三十亩地一头牛,孩子老婆热炕头。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">金窝银窝,不如自家土窝。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">命中有时终须有,命中无时莫强求。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">生死有命,富贵在天。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">脸厚吃个够,脸薄吃不着。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">指亲不富,看嘴不饱。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打油的钱,不买醋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不怕一万,就怕万一。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">老要张狂,少要稳。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好死不如赖活着。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">姜还是老的辣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">强扭的瓜不甜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有理走遍天下,无理寸步难行。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">当断不断,必有后患。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">手大遮不住天,水大漫不过船。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">买卖行里无父子。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">露多大脸,现多大眼。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">刀不磨生锈,人不学落后。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">师傅领进门,修行在个人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">衣服新的好,朋友老的好。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">在家靠父母,出门靠朋友。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人怕见面,树怕剥皮。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">儿大分家,树大分枝。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">心急吃不了热豆腐。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">打人别打脸,说话别揭短。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">傻小子过年,看街坊。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">肉肥汤也肥。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好小子不吃十年闲饭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">放虎归山,虎必伤人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">有骨头不愁肉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">当面教子,背后教妻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">来早了不如来巧了。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人往高处走,水往低处流。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">闷练三年,不如经师一点。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">骑驴不知赶脚的苦。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">饱汉不知饿汉饥。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">一分钱憋倒英雄汉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">多个朋友多条路,多个冤家多堵墙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">不是一家人不进一家门。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">馋狗离不开腥锅台。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">强龙不压地头蛇。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好话一句三冬暖,恶语伤人六月寒。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">隔行如隔山。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">说书的一张嘴,唱戏的一条腿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好借好还,再借不难。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">酒色迷人胆,财宝动人心。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">寸草铡三刀,没料也上膘。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">黄泉路上没老少。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">是福不是祸,是祸躲不过。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">多年的大道走成河,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">多年的媳妇熬成婆。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">懒驴上磨屎尿多。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好汉子长在腿上,赖汉长在嘴上。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">泼出去的水,嫁出去的女。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人过三十天过午。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">大难不死,必有后福。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">手巧不如家伙妙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人急上房,狗急跳墙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">舍不出孩子套不住狼 。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">在家千日好,出门万事难。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">穷家富路,出门是财主。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">大雁一声叫,穷汉子吓一跳。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">腊七腊八冻掉脚丫。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">没有金刚钻,别揽瓷器活儿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">萝卜快了不洗泥。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">姑舅亲辈辈亲,打断骨头连着筋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">吃不穷,花不穷,算计不到准受穷。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">好汉不吃眼前亏。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">便宜没好货,好货不便宜。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">听人劝吃饱饭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">站着说话不腰疼。</span></p> <p class="ql-block ql-indent-1"><b style="font-size:20px; color:rgb(22, 126, 251);">上述九大类民间谚语是故乡流传的谚语其中的一部分,有的已失传,有的还需进一步发掘,这样才能使优秀的民间艺术遗产一代一代传下去。我们还将从人民创造的民间谚语中,学习生活中的重要原则和教训。</b></p> <h1><b style="color:rgb(237, 35, 8); font-size:22px;">点击下面链接欣赏民间传说故事</b></h1> <p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/4a25v2i1" target="_blank" style="font-size:22px;"><b>杨家将(七郎墓)传说</b></a></p> <p class="ql-block"><a href="https://www.meipian.cn/28xe7sgd" target="_blank" style="font-size:22px;"><b>民间传说故事集</b></a></p>