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思维导图是记录学习的有效方式,能使学生进一步了解并学会运用思维导图,锻炼发散思维、逻辑思维,激发孩子读书兴趣,养成良好的读书习惯,结合思维导图工具,可以高孩子的阅读效率和技巧。为进一步推动思维导图的运用,提高教师及学生绘制思维导图、运用思维导图的能力,费县小学教研室举行了第二届全县小学生手绘学科思维导图大赛。
","type":1},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"e07d3b24b66a5bd024ecb31d7221686a"},"img_height":664,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/2897917/5660bcd256ba0012c41d3d6f22c17472__png.heic","img_width":534,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":" 本次大赛共收到来自25个学校的500篇作品,大体分为语文、数学、英语、综合四个学科大类。9月21日上午,小学教研室组织评委12人在县实验小学学科中心组办公室进行了评选活动。
","type":1},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"027d43a50abca39b1c06ca9646a61923"},"img_height":442,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/2897917/4be9e84a40a35f2eed696165cae52efe__jpg.heic","img_width":698,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":" 评委们先将500份作品按照学科进行了分类,再认真审阅、评选,从思维导图的评选标准出发,基于知识性、科学性、规范性、美观性等因素进行综合考评,最终评选出一等奖作品151份,二等奖作品198份,三等奖作品151份。
","type":1},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"4da52f1d1806e4d0fc583edac5835fee"},"img_height":260,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/2897917/ab546d7117bde401177472a0436b7374__png.heic","img_width":682,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":" 评选是为了更好的应用,为进一步指导全县小学生思维导图的绘制能力,各学科的评委们对本次参赛作品进行了细致的分析。
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本次费县小学思维导图比赛,语文学科共收到作品205份,经过三位评委的仔细商讨与评选,共选出一等奖63份,二等奖79份,三等奖63份。现将作品情况总结如下:
卷面上,大部分同学都能做到卷面干净整洁,但也有部分同学作品有大量修改痕迹。个别铅笔字迹修改时擦除不干净,也有部分同学使用修改液留下明显痕迹从而影响了卷面。另外也有部分同学字迹略显潦草。
配图的设计上,能看出同学们非常用心,配图精美,绘画认真。但有的配图过于花哨,颜色过多,显得整体画面比较混乱。也有的配图设计过于简单,只用了最普通的大树、果实等,设计上略显单调。当然也有个别没有配图,只用了网络表格式的知识结构,类似于课堂笔记。也有的同学配图有雷同。
画面的整体设计上,大部分同学的作品都能够符合思维导图的基本要求,但也出现了一部分同学的作品,并没有按照思维导图的要求来设计。这些作品在配图的四周以模块的形式写上了知识点和好词好句等等,严格来讲这种设计应该属于“手抄报”。这也是本次思维导图比赛出现的最严重的问题。
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思维导图被誉为“万能的瑞士军刀”,又叫心智导图,是表达发散思的有效图形思维工具。它简单有效,运用图文并重的技巧,把各级主题的关系用相互属与相关的层级图表现出来,使主题关键词与图像、颜色等建立记忆链接,可以激发我们的联想和创意,从而将各种零散的智慧、资源等融合成为一个系统,创造性地解决问题,使我们真正体会到“条条大路通罗马”的乐趣。
高质量的思维导图,不仅可以提高我们的学习效率,还能够优化我们的思维方式并应用于生活,所以针对这次思维导图的展示,也暴露了一些问题。
1.思维导图和手抄报混淆,认为只是整理重要的知识点或者题目内容,忽视了它们之间的联系,中心主题不明确。
2.逻辑框架不够条理和清晰,主次不分明。
3.重点内容或者关键词提炼不够精确,很多都存在大篇幅的抄写,概括能力不够。
4.主干分支的粗细,和颜色运用的区分,不够明显。
建议:
1.思维导图绘制
第一步:拟定一个中心主题(这张思维导图解决什么问题)
第二步:梳理出完整的逻辑框架,对应一层一层的分支主题(拿数学思维导图举例,可以是知识内容的骨架,也可以是我们消化这些内容时的逻辑思路)
第三步:提炼每个分支主题的关键词(考验我们对内容的概括能力,越简练越好)
第四步:标注出分支主题间的逻辑关系(更深入理解和记忆)
2.绘制技巧,提高记忆效果
①尽可能多地使用颜色,便于我们产生联想。(色彩可以刺激大脑的记忆效果)
②分支线条由粗到细,记录大脑思维发散的过程。(也代表内容的重要程度)
③多用图像和图标。(大脑对图像的记忆要强于文字,思维导图的本质是产生图像记忆
④复杂内容巧用序号。(让导图更有条理,刺激记忆)
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(一)作品评价
本届思维导图评比,英语学科涌现出部分优秀作品,令人眼前一亮。当然在作品中也体现出一些问题,特总结如下:
优点:
(1)思维导图的主题清晰,并利用绘画等手段讲主题直观呈现。能够在直观角度下获得导图的主题。
(2)分支分层递进合理,能够体现出级别的层次性,同级别处于并列的状态,使整个导图结构上合理,明晰。
(3)学生对关键词的提取较为准确,能够概括所要表达的内容。
(4)色彩搭配合理,绘图精致,视觉上美观。
不足之处:
(1)部分作品混淆了思维导图与手抄报,图配话的概念,导致导图没有主题,只是范范抄写了一些词句或短文,从结构上看,没有导图的结构。
(2)部分导图有主题,但分支分层十分不合理,同一层次上的概念不并列,导致导图层次不合理,混乱。
(3)观念词提取不准确,书写大量的长句,导图成了单纯的知识总结,使导图看起来杂乱不简洁。
(4)部分作品中书写质量不高,配图过多,颜色过杂,卷面不整洁。
(二)绘制思维导图的正确方法
其实思维导图的绘制并不是高深莫测的,我们通常需要五个步骤。概括来说是:第一步:画主题;第二步:找关键;第三步:理分支;第四步:画图;第五步:上色。
第1步:找准主题,绘制主题
分析我们导图的依据话题,从话题文本中提炼主题,用一个或几个词汇形成中心词。中心词即为级别中的一级。在横放的纸张中间开始直接写中心词或能够表达主题的图画。
第2步:找关键词
梳理主题文本内容,在其中概括二级的关键词,注意关键词必须是同一层次的。例如绘制Season的导图,那么Season是一级中心词,那么spring,summer,autumn,winter 为二级关键词。绘制时要按照顺时针的方向书写。
第3步:绘制分支
在二级关键词的基础上继续理清分支,精练语言而不是照抄原句。如:是个季节书写绘制之后,三级分支可以是weather,clothes,activities等等。每一个季节后都有这三个分支。这样我们的导图看起来层次上就很清晰明了。
第4步:画图
思维导图上承载着关键词或插图。只要纸张空间允许,我们可以在分支处绘制图片,使我们的导图在视觉上更直观,但要注意配图不要过多,导致图文比例失衡。
第5步:搭配色彩,上色
选用彩笔蜡笔等涂色工具上色,注意色彩不要过杂,同一级别可以采用同色。保证卷面整洁。
以上是绘制导图的步骤。老师们要采取多种形式积极学习,自己掌握了,才能正确的指导学生绘制导图,让思维导图成为英语学习的有效工具。
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全县第二届小学生思维导图大赛成绩
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思维导图是记录学习的有效方式,能使学生进一步了解并学会运用思维导图,锻炼发散思维、逻辑思维,激发孩子读书兴趣,养成良好的读书习惯,结合思维导图工具,可以高孩子的阅读效率和技巧。为进一步推动思维导图的运用,提高教师及学生绘制思维导图、运用思维导图的能力,费县小学教研室举行了第二届全县小学生手绘学科思维导图大赛。
","type":1},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"e07d3b24b66a5bd024ecb31d7221686a"},"img_height":664,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/2897917/5660bcd256ba0012c41d3d6f22c17472__png.heic","img_width":534,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":" 本次大赛共收到来自25个学校的500篇作品,大体分为语文、数学、英语、综合四个学科大类。9月21日上午,小学教研室组织评委12人在县实验小学学科中心组办公室进行了评选活动。
","type":1},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"027d43a50abca39b1c06ca9646a61923"},"img_height":442,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/2897917/4be9e84a40a35f2eed696165cae52efe__jpg.heic","img_width":698,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":" 评委们先将500份作品按照学科进行了分类,再认真审阅、评选,从思维导图的评选标准出发,基于知识性、科学性、规范性、美观性等因素进行综合考评,最终评选出一等奖作品151份,二等奖作品198份,三等奖作品151份。
","type":1},{"audio_music_id":0,"ext":{"unique_id":"4da52f1d1806e4d0fc583edac5835fee"},"img_height":260,"img_url":"https://ss-mpvolc.meipian.me/users/2897917/ab546d7117bde401177472a0436b7374__png.heic","img_width":682,"is_origin":false,"sectionPublished":true,"source":0,"text":" 评选是为了更好的应用,为进一步指导全县小学生思维导图的绘制能力,各学科的评委们对本次参赛作品进行了细致的分析。
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本次费县小学思维导图比赛,语文学科共收到作品205份,经过三位评委的仔细商讨与评选,共选出一等奖63份,二等奖79份,三等奖63份。现将作品情况总结如下:
卷面上,大部分同学都能做到卷面干净整洁,但也有部分同学作品有大量修改痕迹。个别铅笔字迹修改时擦除不干净,也有部分同学使用修改液留下明显痕迹从而影响了卷面。另外也有部分同学字迹略显潦草。
配图的设计上,能看出同学们非常用心,配图精美,绘画认真。但有的配图过于花哨,颜色过多,显得整体画面比较混乱。也有的配图设计过于简单,只用了最普通的大树、果实等,设计上略显单调。当然也有个别没有配图,只用了网络表格式的知识结构,类似于课堂笔记。也有的同学配图有雷同。
画面的整体设计上,大部分同学的作品都能够符合思维导图的基本要求,但也出现了一部分同学的作品,并没有按照思维导图的要求来设计。这些作品在配图的四周以模块的形式写上了知识点和好词好句等等,严格来讲这种设计应该属于“手抄报”。这也是本次思维导图比赛出现的最严重的问题。
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思维导图被誉为“万能的瑞士军刀”,又叫心智导图,是表达发散思的有效图形思维工具。它简单有效,运用图文并重的技巧,把各级主题的关系用相互属与相关的层级图表现出来,使主题关键词与图像、颜色等建立记忆链接,可以激发我们的联想和创意,从而将各种零散的智慧、资源等融合成为一个系统,创造性地解决问题,使我们真正体会到“条条大路通罗马”的乐趣。
高质量的思维导图,不仅可以提高我们的学习效率,还能够优化我们的思维方式并应用于生活,所以针对这次思维导图的展示,也暴露了一些问题。
1.思维导图和手抄报混淆,认为只是整理重要的知识点或者题目内容,忽视了它们之间的联系,中心主题不明确。
2.逻辑框架不够条理和清晰,主次不分明。
3.重点内容或者关键词提炼不够精确,很多都存在大篇幅的抄写,概括能力不够。
4.主干分支的粗细,和颜色运用的区分,不够明显。
建议:
1.思维导图绘制
第一步:拟定一个中心主题(这张思维导图解决什么问题)
第二步:梳理出完整的逻辑框架,对应一层一层的分支主题(拿数学思维导图举例,可以是知识内容的骨架,也可以是我们消化这些内容时的逻辑思路)
第三步:提炼每个分支主题的关键词(考验我们对内容的概括能力,越简练越好)
第四步:标注出分支主题间的逻辑关系(更深入理解和记忆)
2.绘制技巧,提高记忆效果
①尽可能多地使用颜色,便于我们产生联想。(色彩可以刺激大脑的记忆效果)
②分支线条由粗到细,记录大脑思维发散的过程。(也代表内容的重要程度)
③多用图像和图标。(大脑对图像的记忆要强于文字,思维导图的本质是产生图像记忆
④复杂内容巧用序号。(让导图更有条理,刺激记忆)
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(一)作品评价
本届思维导图评比,英语学科涌现出部分优秀作品,令人眼前一亮。当然在作品中也体现出一些问题,特总结如下:
优点:
(1)思维导图的主题清晰,并利用绘画等手段讲主题直观呈现。能够在直观角度下获得导图的主题。
(2)分支分层递进合理,能够体现出级别的层次性,同级别处于并列的状态,使整个导图结构上合理,明晰。
(3)学生对关键词的提取较为准确,能够概括所要表达的内容。
(4)色彩搭配合理,绘图精致,视觉上美观。
不足之处:
(1)部分作品混淆了思维导图与手抄报,图配话的概念,导致导图没有主题,只是范范抄写了一些词句或短文,从结构上看,没有导图的结构。
(2)部分导图有主题,但分支分层十分不合理,同一层次上的概念不并列,导致导图层次不合理,混乱。
(3)观念词提取不准确,书写大量的长句,导图成了单纯的知识总结,使导图看起来杂乱不简洁。
(4)部分作品中书写质量不高,配图过多,颜色过杂,卷面不整洁。
(二)绘制思维导图的正确方法
其实思维导图的绘制并不是高深莫测的,我们通常需要五个步骤。概括来说是:第一步:画主题;第二步:找关键;第三步:理分支;第四步:画图;第五步:上色。
第1步:找准主题,绘制主题
分析我们导图的依据话题,从话题文本中提炼主题,用一个或几个词汇形成中心词。中心词即为级别中的一级。在横放的纸张中间开始直接写中心词或能够表达主题的图画。
第2步:找关键词
梳理主题文本内容,在其中概括二级的关键词,注意关键词必须是同一层次的。例如绘制Season的导图,那么Season是一级中心词,那么spring,summer,autumn,winter 为二级关键词。绘制时要按照顺时针的方向书写。
第3步:绘制分支
在二级关键词的基础上继续理清分支,精练语言而不是照抄原句。如:是个季节书写绘制之后,三级分支可以是weather,clothes,activities等等。每一个季节后都有这三个分支。这样我们的导图看起来层次上就很清晰明了。
第4步:画图
思维导图上承载着关键词或插图。只要纸张空间允许,我们可以在分支处绘制图片,使我们的导图在视觉上更直观,但要注意配图不要过多,导致图文比例失衡。
第5步:搭配色彩,上色
选用彩笔蜡笔等涂色工具上色,注意色彩不要过杂,同一级别可以采用同色。保证卷面整洁。
以上是绘制导图的步骤。老师们要采取多种形式积极学习,自己掌握了,才能正确的指导学生绘制导图,让思维导图成为英语学习的有效工具。
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