<p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">唐代是诗的盛世,至宋代诗、词并妍,文坛上百花争艳、经典荟萃 。诸多脍炙人口的诗词佳作千年传承,其中很多精品皆出于僧人笔下。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">诗僧是中华诗坛上举足轻重的群体,清人编的《全唐诗》中记载诗僧凡114人,收录的僧诗达3127首,占全集诗数的15%。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">诗僧远离尘世,奉佛诵经,云游名山大川,寻幽访胜,闲适空灵的禅诗油然而出。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">诗人与高僧为友,诗情禅理相谐,为中华诗坛文化增辉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0); font-size:22px;">一. 寒山:石岩栖息离烦缘</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">寒山子:唐代著名诗僧,姓氏不详,出身官宦人家,屡试不第,后离家隐于浙东天台山寒岩,自号“寒山。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">行走山林间题诗作偈,随手涂鸦在隐身的洞壁和竹子上,其诗通俗简白,表现山林逸趣及出世思想。后人在他隐居的岩洞壁上整理出遗诗三百余首。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">橡树皮帽,破衣木屐 ,与群童戏耍,超然自若也! </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">《杳杳寒山道》 寒山</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">杳杳寒山道,落落冷涧滨。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">啾啾常有鸟,寂寂更无人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">淅淅风吹面,纷纷雪积身。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">朝朝不见日,岁岁不知春。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">寒山道幽远昏暗,涧洞边寂静冷落,诗人就隐居于此。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">寂寥无人,偶有啾啾小鸟啼。风雪凛冽,寒气逼人。山幽林茂,不见天日,不晓春冬……</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">顿悟,超然自若,何问西东!</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">此诗每句句首都用叠字。八组叠字分写山、水、声、风、雪、境、情,情状各异,复而不厌。精美的排比与五律的音韵相谐生成绝妙的形式美、音乐美。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">全诗多用冷寂字,营造出浓浓的幽冷寂寥的气氛。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">寒山隐居寒岩时,还未入佛门,他与国清寺和尚拾得交好,后同赴姑苏城外“妙利普明塔院”,寒山受戒与拾得共同主持佛事。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">后拾得东渡日本建“拾得寺”,寒山才将寺院更名“寒山寺”,“姑苏城外寒山寺”享誉中外。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">后世关于寒山拾得的传说神奇唯美,他们就是传统文化中的“和合二仙”。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0); font-size:22px;">二. 齐己:“一字之师”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0); font-size:22px;"></b></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">齐己:晚唐诗僧,湖南宁乡人,俗名胡得生,自小家境贫困,6岁开始为寺庙放牛,常一边放牛,一边学习作诗,并用竹枝写在牛背上,诗句语出天然,得众僧喜爱。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">后齐己拜荆南宗教领袖仰山大师慧寂为师傅,法号为齐己。晚年自号衡岳沙门。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 《早梅》 诗僧 齐己</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">万木冻欲折,孤根暖独回。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">前村深雪里,昨夜一枝开。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">风递幽香出,禽窥素艳来。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">明年如应律,先发望春台。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">(齐己初稿为昨夜</span><u style="font-size:22px;">数</u><span style="font-size:22px;">枝开)</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">万木畏寒冻枯竭,唯有梅根蕴暖机。前村深雪夜,独绽一枝梅,鸟儿觅香窥新芳。来年捷登望春台,独赏第一梅。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 齐己云游中曾将此诗呈于大诗人 郑谷求教 ,谷 云:数枝不早了,把“数”更改为“一”即好。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">齐己听了,惊喜地叫道:“改得太好了!” 恭恭敬敬地向郑谷拜谢。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 此后郑谷为齐己“一字之师”的佳话流传。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">齐己皈依佛门,却钟情吟咏,为唐末著名诗僧中成就最卓著者。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">齐己96岁在江陵圆寂。《全唐诗》留800首,另有《白莲集》传世。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="color:rgb(255, 138, 0); font-size:22px;"> 三. “藜杖扶我过桥东”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">志南,宋代诗僧,志南为法号,姓氏、生卒不详。善诗文。</span></p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 《绝句》南宋 诗僧</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 志南</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 古木阴中系短篷,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 藜杖扶我过桥东。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 沾衣欲湿杏花雨,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 吹面不寒杨柳风。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">老树荫中拴蓬船,扶着藜杖过到桥东,乘舟、步行览春景,神清气爽游兴浓。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">二月杏花细雨,沾衣似湿未湿,雨润杏花添红晕。杨柳风拂面,舒适不觉寒 ,新柳增翠起翩翩。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">风趣的老僧将藜杖人格化, 视它为一位可以依赖的游伴,默默无言相扶前行,亲切感、安全感, 使这位老僧的游兴大增。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">志南以这短短一首诗中,对早春二月的细腻感受和真切描写,把自己的名字载入了宋代诗卷。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">据传志南留世诗仅三首。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px; color:rgb(255, 138, 0);">五. 记得年时沽酒那人家? </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">仲殊:北宋僧人、词人。本名张挥,仲殊为其法号。年轻时游荡不羁,险些被妻子毒死,后弃家为僧,先后寓居苏州承天寺、杭州宝月寺。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">仲殊曾举进士,是一位才华横溢的词人,为大宋留下了许多脍炙人口的佳作。他与苏轼往来甚厚。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 《南柯子·忆旧》</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> 北宋词僧 仲殊</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">十里青山远,潮平路带沙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">数声啼鸟怨年华,又是凄凉时候在天涯。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">白露收残月,清风散晓霞。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">绿杨堤畔问荷花:记得年时沽酒那人家?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">江潮落去,一个云游四方的僧人走在潮湿的沙路上。远处青山绵延遥迢,几声鸟啼似哀怨年华的流逝,弃家僧人悲凉孤行游走天涯。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一个舒爽的秋日之晨,僧人游走在杨柳堤岸处,微风送来荷香,寻香望去,碧池中一株荷花亭亭玉立 。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor"></span></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">赏荷观景怡然,僧人突觉此地似曾来过?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">忆起:那年,此地,相同的时节,我曾乘着酒意来观赏过此荷花。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">惊喜、感叹涌上心头,五味杂陈问荷花:“荷花啊!你还记得那年、那个买酒喝的醉汉么?”</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"></span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">俗僧、词人仲殊大师不写佛,不论禅,苏轼说他 "胸中无一毫法事" ,出家只是为了活出一种自由,一种洒脱。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">仲殊留词七十多首,多婉约风,为词僧之首。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">诗僧文化是中华诗词盛坛上的一朵奇葩。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">贾岛早年也是僧人,</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;">请问:贾岛还俗前的法号叫什么?</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(22, 126, 251); font-size:22px;"></span></p>