<p class="ql-block">主要汽车制造商正在寻求未来几年扩大电动车的生产和销售。他们也在探寻新的方法回收电池以降低成本和保护环境。</p><p class="ql-block">Major carmakers are looking to expand the production and sales of electric vehicles in the coming years. They are also seeking new ways to reuse batteries to cut costs and protect the environment.</p> <p class="ql-block">大多数电动车使用锂离子电池。生产商承诺他们的材料是可重复使用的。但是现在的循环过程难度大成本高。</p><p class="ql-block">Lithium-ion batteries are used to power most EVs . Manufacturers guarantee their materials are reused.Current recycling processes are difficult and costly.</p> <p class="ql-block">锂离子电池必须的材料有锂、钴、镍、石墨和锰。比较好的循环利用方法有助于解决利用率低和成本高的问题。Among the necessary materials used to make lithium-ion batteries are lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and manganese. Better recycling methods could help solve problems related to the limited availability and rising cost of these materials. </p> <p class="ql-block">大多数正在开发的循环利用的方法是把电池粉碎成小块儿。然而，不同的方法用来分离金属元素。目标是尽可能多的重复使用原料。</p><p class="ql-block">Most recycling methods under development involve breaking the batteries down into smaller pieces. Then, different processes are used to separate the metallic elements. The goal is to reuse as much material as possible.</p> <p class="ql-block">国际能源组织发布了一个关于2029年电动车市场的报告。它指出，在多数情况下，衰竭的电动车电池的主要材料可以重新使用。</p><p class="ql-block">The international energy agency (IEA) released a report about the development of the EV market in 2020. The IEA noted that in most cases, the main elements of end-of-life EV battery systems can be repurposed, or used in a new way.</p> <p class="ql-block">另外，国际能源组织说，70-80%容量的电池可以重复用于“要求较低的固定存储。” 这可以导致把旧的电动车电池应用于电网储电。报告建议回收电池也可以用于风电和光伏发电系统。</p><p class="ql-block">In addition, the IEA said used batteries that still hold between 70 to 80 percent of their power capacity could be reused for “less demanding stationary storage.” This could induce using old EV batteries to store power for a main electricity system, known as a grid. The report suggests recycled batteries also could be linked with systems producing electricity from wind or the sun.</p> <p class="ql-block">英格兰研究人员进行了可以完全重复使用主要电池部件例如阳极和阴极的试验。</p><p class="ql-block">British researchers have experimented with methods that could fully recycle main electric battery parts such as cathode and anode.</p> <p class="ql-block">一种不需要粉碎的方法使用超声波回收重要的元素。另一些研究人员研究了一种被称为湿法冶金的工艺。它用水和化学物质从旧电池中去除锂和其它元素用于新电池。</p><p class="ql-block">One method uses ultrasonic waves to recycle these important elements without having to break them apart. Other researchers have studied a process called hydrometallurge. It uses liquids and chemicals to remove lithium and other elements from used batteries for use in new ones. </p> <p class="ql-block">位于内华达州的红木材料公司是一家致力于使电动车电池回收能够盈利的公司。这家公司始建于2019年，创始人是施特鲁贝尔，他曾经和马斯克一起创建特斯拉。</p><p class="ql-block">One of the main American businesses aiming to make EV battery recycling profitable is Nevada-based redwood materials. The company was started in 2019 by J.B. Straubel. He helped launch American carmaker Tesla along with its chief ElonMusk .</p> <p class="ql-block">这家公司寻求回收最普通的电动车电池材料。这家公司的工艺包括湿法冶金和火法冶金。火法冶金用高温分离金属。</p><p class="ql-block">red seeks to recycle the most common EV battery materials. The company’s methods include hydro metallurgy and pyrometallurge, which uses high heat to separate the metals. </p> <p class="ql-block">这家公司已经获得美国汽车企业福特公司和日本电子企业松下公司的供应合同。松下为特斯拉供应电池。福特去年九月宣布向红木公司投资五千万美元。</p><p class="ql-block">The company already holds supply contracts with American carmaker Ford and Japanese electronics manufacturers Panasonic, which produces batteries for Tesla. Ford announced last September it was investing $ 50 million in Redwood.</p> <p class="ql-block">施特鲁贝尔告诉美联社，它的公司现在还没有盈利，因为还要向操作系统和技术密集投资。但是他强调，红木的回收工艺目前是可以盈利的。“这些材料有巨大的需求。”施特鲁贝尔说。Straubel told the Associated Press that his company is not yet profitable because it is still heavily investing in operations and technology. But he noted that the recycling processes Redwood uses are currently profitable. “ There’s really quite a hunger for these materials,” Straubel said. </p> <p class="ql-block">他强调，用于电动车电池的金属可以多次有效的重复使用。“我们没有看到这些金属有任何退化。实际上它随着循环生产和精炼更纯洁。”</p><p class="ql-block">He added that the metals used in EV batteries can be effectively recycled many times. “We don’t see any degradation in the performance of those metals. They actually tend to get more pure as we go through additional cycles of manufacturing and refining,” he said. </p> <p class="ql-block">另一家公司，加拿大的锂循环，利用湿法冶金方法。最近几年开设了多个新的加工中心，而且准备开设更多的工厂。锂循环在它的最新中心的网站说，将具备每年循环使用一万吨锂离子电池的能力。</p><p class="ql-block">Another company, Canada’s Li-Cycle, uses hydro metallurgical methods. It has opend several new processing centers in recent years and has plans to launch more. Li-Cycle says on its website its newest centers will have the capacity to recycle up to 10,000 tons of lithium-ion batteries per year. </p> <p class="ql-block">美国的锰公司是另一家使用湿法冶金工艺的加拿大公司。它声称，他的工艺可以从电动车电池回收99%的锂、钴、镍和锰。这家公司今年准备在温哥华开设一家示范工厂，每天加工500公斤左右的废旧的锂离子电池。</p><p class="ql-block">American Manganese is another Canadian company using hydro metallurgical recycling methods. It claims its processes can remove and recycle up to 99 percent of lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from used EV batteries. The company plans to open a demonstration plant in Vancouver this year that aims to process about 500 kilograms of lithium-ion battery waste every day.</p>