鞍的ei(马鞍形窝棚)——古籍里的曲周方言(四)

李明海

<p class="ql-block"> 四百年前的老版书</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);">  “躲在门旁的鞍子房儿”,四百多年前古书里的一句话,把我拉回到小时候。鞍的ei,老家对搭建的临时性建筑的统称,尤其特指在庄稼地里供人们遮风避雨、休息的尖顶棚子。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);">  字典里“鞍”字下没有相关建筑物的解释条文,百度一下也没有相关的信息和图片。跟鞍子ei无论结构、形状还是用料、用途都非常接近的建筑物(不确切,感觉都算不上建筑)书面语叫“窝棚”。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"> 满蒙马架子“窝棚</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);">  搜索“马鞍形建筑”,百度图片显示更多的是江南一带的“马头(山)墙”,只有一张图片是棚子,下边注释“</span><a href="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%AE%80%E6%98%93%E7%AA%9D%E6%A3%9A&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&hd=undefined&latest=undefined&copyright=undefined&cs=3784586027,3879419536&os=521023271,2821362799&simid=4104222518,821774114&pn=7&rn=1&di=7077213605308923905&ln=1239&fr=&fmq=1651395461022_R&fm=rs3&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&oriquery=临时窝棚&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fs11.sinaimg.cn%252Fbmiddle%252F001ZF6JVzy6OyO2vXHcca%2526690%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fs11.sinaimg.cn%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1653987474%26t%3D8241a99abc203da13c7fd756790fbc30&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&nojc=undefined&dyTabStr=MCwzLDEsNiw0LDUsMiw3LDgsOQ%3D%3D" target="_blank" style="color:windowtext;">满族传统民居 "马架子","窝棚</a><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);">”,这估计是老家管窝棚叫鞍的ei最接近的历史渊源。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);">  曲周地处河北南部,印象中还算不得北方,可是近千年的民族融合(外族入侵)曲周都是前沿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 曲周下辖的安寨镇,在我们老家叫“安儿寨镇”,据说怀有身孕的北宋将领穆桂英在附近与辽国交战过程中,突然肚子疼,赶紧找了个背人的地方生下了孩子,包好藏了起来,战争结束后去找孩子,安然无恙,于是后人们把附近的兵营村庄称作“安儿寨”。据东南乡①的同学说,当地现在还有一块庄稼地叫“血洼地”,说那块儿地就是当年穆桂英的战时“产房”。</span></p> <p class="ql-block">  鞍的ei的豪华版——蒙古包</p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> “安儿寨”的真实性不可考,咱们说说也就罢了。历史上的“澶渊之盟”大伙儿应该都不陌生。可是你能想到澶州在离曲周往南一百多公里的河南濮阳。陆游在《示儿》中写道“遗民泪尽胡尘里,南望王师又一年。”道不尽敌占区老百姓被奴役生活的苦楚。据此可以判断北宋后期曲周可能就频繁地接触北方游牧部落,至于南宋就更别说了。辽金元清,曲周一带一直被南下的少数民族政权管辖,生活中受满蒙影响也就不足为奇了。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"> 看果园的鞍的ei</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">,在老家每到瓜果成熟的季节,主人在地头搭建个鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">,方便休息、看守,防止歪毛淘气的孩子糟蹋瓜果。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <p class="ql-block"> 搭建 鞍的ei示意简图</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">最简单的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">三根木棍就能搞定,不过最常见的都是用五根搭建,两根两根交叉,一根搭在上面,,基本形状就有了。至于外面盖啥那就因地制宜、就地取材了。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <p class="ql-block">  肩膀上挎着的就是箩头</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">在我的记忆里有两个鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">印象特别深,一个是唐山地震那年在老家院子里靠着南边那棵酸枣树搭建的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">,当然唐山大地震这个概念后来才知道,当时只是觉得稀罕,晚上不在屋里睡觉,别的都没有啥印象了。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <p class="ql-block"> 田间搭建的鞍的ei</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">另一个是姑父给生产队看瓜的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">。小时候我们家孩子多劳力少,生活条件紧张,我和小姐姐在姨姨、姑姑家常住,现在姑姑姨姨村里的同龄伙伴好多还记得名字。姑父为人正直、大公无私,生产队于是安排姑父负责给队里看守果园、瓜田。</span></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">记得有一次章哥哥(姑姑家的二表哥)带着我去地里割草,给我也背了个箩头(斜挎篓),当时我也就六七岁,当然箩头也是迷你版的,估计也就能放个篮球的空间。我俩去姑父看瓜的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">,趁姑父去地里干活的间隙,章哥哥迅速把地上放的两个甜瓜放我箩头底下,多出的草抓出一把放到他的大箩头里,按按压实。一会儿姑父回来了,我们准备背上箩头回家,姑父还真的去哥哥的箩头里把手插进去检查是否夹带私货。我那个箩头太小了,再就是知道我肯定不敢。好险啊!</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> 看护椿树芽 <font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">随着现代人民生活水平提高,搭建鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">的材料变化很大,因为取材、实施方便,还不断出现在我们视野里。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋体" size="3"> </font> <span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">注释①东南乡——曲周县对县东南的侯村、依庄、马连固等几个乡镇的统称。</span>