【浅谈孔雀绿釉瓷器】

王长海(沐心)

<p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;">喜见藏家</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;">文/沐心</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;">风扫残云作嫩晴,</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;">捧出柳堤一壶春。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;">山山啼鸟恨相晚,</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align: center;">不解藏踪唤主人。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">浅谈孔雀绿釉瓷器</p><p class="ql-block">文/沐心</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">绿釉器始见于汉代,主要以铅绿釉陶为主,低温绿釉的烧制一直都没有间断,后期磁州窑(宋代)和定窑等都有烧造,定窑所烧的绿釉被称为“绿定”,弥足珍贵。金代扒村窑和元代磁州窑以绿釉釉下彩与褐彩的烧作。元代以景德镇优质的瓷胎基础烧制成了孔雀绿釉,属下青花的创新品种。明代的绿釉瓷烧造以孔雀绿色釉为主,早期呈色主呈瓜皮发色的“瓜皮绿”,永乐年间以淡绿色釉为主。另据《南窑笔记》记载:“法蓝、法翠二色旧时为成化窑有,最佳。”</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">孔雀绿又名“法翠”,也称翡翠釉或吉翠釉。釉色有深浅二种:发色深者釉色艳丽,色调葱翠,衬有酱白,砖红圈底,釉内有细碎的开片,如青花釉瓷施有的孔雀绿釉,在烧造中促使青花的发色色调变黑,与宋代磁州窑孔雀绿釉黑花的有相似之处,另如茄皮紫等釉器上的孔雀绿色。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">孔雀绿是一种以铜为着色剂的低温色釉,在宋代的磁州窑器也有所发现,它始创<span style="font-size: 18px;">于汉代,主要以铅绿釉陶为主,在</span>宋、元时期。不同窑口所烧制出绿釉瓷器,其发色也略有差别。常色的绿色釉包括孔雀绿、鹦哥绿、宝石绿、瓜皮绿等。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">汉代绿釉瓷器上的绿釉多为较深的青绿色,还达不到亮翠的程度。明代烧制出孔雀绿釉瓷,釉色有深浅二种;深者色葱翠,釉内有细碎片纹,而且衬有砖红釉底,釉色鲜艳亮丽;浅色主要在彩釉中配合使用,如茄皮紫等釉器,常加上孔雀绿。若将孔雀绿釉覆盖于青花之上,使青花色调变黑,具有宋代磁州窑孔雀绿黑花的效果。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">清代绿釉瓷在明代创烧孔雀绿后又有了进一步的发展,如高温绿釉瓷器的郎窑绿、苹果绿等,低温绿釉中的孔雀绿、瓜皮绿和秋葵绿等等是明清绿釉瓷器中的精品。孔雀绿釉属于低温釉,恰似孔雀羽毛上的绿色而得名,亦称“法绿釉”、“翡翠釉”、“吉翠釉”等。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">孔雀绿釉始于汉代陶瓷制作,沿展于宋代的磁州窑,至明代永乐时期发展较为成熟,有款的完整器始见于明成化时期,元代开始烧制孔雀绿釉属景德镇研烧。孔雀绿釉以其明翠雅丽等特点,为达人所喜爱,从而成为中国绿釉瓷中的珍贵品种。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">作者简介:王长海(笔名:沐心),【中国书画艺术研究院】院士,师承罗序伦老师,吴冠中老师。期间绘画作品荣获2019年【纽约国际精品油画邀请展】金奖,诗歌作品荣获2018年【世界爱情诗歌大奖赛】最佳爱情诗歌奖。现任【中国梦—慈善中国万里行】组委会外联部部长,【中国专业人才库管理中心】注册古玩字画鉴定评估师,马来西亚【城市大学·和商学院】博士生导师,【Ⅰ0—WGCA国际组织世界绿色气候机构】东北亚—东盟(中国)总部【Ⅰ0—WGCA国际书画】鉴定评估委员会副主席,【Ⅰ0—WGCA国际书画鉴定评估研究院】副院长,【Ⅰ0—WGCA国际书画】首席鉴定专家。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Brief introduction of Mr.Wang Changhai (pen name: Mu Xin):</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">★Academician of the [Chinese Academy of Painting and Calligraphy Art].</p><p class="ql-block">★Learn from&nbsp; painting and calligraphy under Luo Xulun and&nbsp; Wu Guanzhong.</p><p class="ql-block">★Incumbent director of the Outreach Department of the Organizing Committee of [Chinese Dream-Charity China Miles] .</p><p class="ql-block">★Registered Antique Calligraphy and Painting Appraiser of [China Professional Talent Bank Management Center] .</p><p class="ql-block">★Doctoral tutor of Malaysia [City University•He Business School] .</p><p class="ql-block">★Be appointed as Vice Chairman of&nbsp; Ⅰ0—WGCA International Painting and Calligraphy Appraisal Committee&nbsp; of Ⅰ0—WGCA Northeast Asia WHQ of 10- World Green Climate Organization.</p><p class="ql-block">★Be appointed as Vice President of&nbsp; Ⅰ0—WGCA International Painting and Calligraphy Appraisal R &amp; D Institute of Ⅰ0—WGCA Northeast Asia WHQ of 10- World Green Climate Organization.</p><p class="ql-block">★Be appointed as leading appraisal specialist of Ⅰ0—WGCA International Painting and Calligraphy of Ⅰ0—WGCA Northeast Asia WHQ of 10- World Green Climate Organization.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Accomplishments:</p><p class="ql-block">★His painting won&nbsp; [New York International Fine Oil Painting Invitational Exhibition] Gold Award in 2019.</p><p class="ql-block">★His poetry won&nbsp; [World Love Poetry Grand Prix]&nbsp; Best Love Poetry Award&nbsp; in 2018.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>