每日英语，说文解字 0118

Coalsmith

以下是Reader’s Digest 《读者文摘》 “ 十五种预防癌症的方法” 一文的第二部分，供大家参考。 这部分文章中主要语言点有8个，值得关注和研究。<ul class="ql-block"><li>quit tobacco</li><li>resilient </li><li>chronic disease </li><li>reduce stress</li><li>push-ups</li><li>randomised trials </li><li> skip</li><li>clean eating</li></ul> “我从不吸烟，甚至在社交场合也不吸烟” 烟草制品可以诱发许多癌症，譬如肺癌、头颈癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、结肠癌和直肠癌等。烟草制品至少占所有癌症死亡人数的 30%，肺癌是男性和女性癌症死亡的第一大原因。因此，不要抽烟。 “Tobacco products are very strongly linked to the development of a number of cancers, including those of the lung, head and neck, oesophagus, pancreas, kidney, bladder, colon and rectum, among others. In fact, tobacco products account for at least 30% of all deaths from cancer and lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in both men and women. So, the practice of avoiding or quitting tobacco can dramatically reduce one’s risk of developing a cancer in their lifetime.” —Dr Jeffrey Vainshtein, radiation oncologist  quit tobacco 戒烟 “我让我的大脑保持活跃” 适当的健康用脑可以防治癌症。要确保大脑在所有年龄段都保持活跃和警觉是多么重要。例如，用非惯用手（一般是指左手，左撇子则是指用右手）刷牙是改变日常生活的简单方法。即使是这样的微小变化也会导致大脑神经元之间的连接水平增加。每天教自己新事物并挑战自己将使您的大脑保持健康和有弹性。 “As a neuro-oncologist, I’m well aware of how important it is to keep our brains active and alert at all ages. I do this with simple changes in day-to-day activities. Brushing my teeth with my non-dominant hand, for example, is an easy way to change my routine. Even a small change like this causes an increase in the level of connectivity between the neurons in the brain. Teaching yourself new things and challenging yourself on a daily basis will keep your brain healthy and resilient.” —Dr David Poulad, neurosurgeon specialising in neuro-oncology neuro-oncologist 神经肿瘤学家resilient 有弹性、有活力 “我每天吃五谷杂粮（多样化食材）” “我每天吃五粮杂粮” 要确保吃各种各样的农产品。根据疾病预防控制中心的说法，富含水果和蔬菜的饮食可能会降低某些癌症和其他慢性病的风险。 “I make sure to eat a wide variety of produce. According to the CDC, diets rich in fruit and vegetables may reduce the risk of some types of cancer and other chronic diseases.” —Dr Delphine Lee get 5 a day 每天食用5种蔬菜水果、主食chronic disease 慢性病 “我做让我快乐的事情” 人的生活应当包括两部分：健康生活和快乐生活。前者是生理上的，后者是物理上的。无论是在工作中还是在个人时间，都应努力去寻找让自己在各个方面都感到快乐的事情。减轻压力和花时间做让自己快乐的事情与吃得好和锻炼一样重要。 “People underestimate the power of not just living a healthy life, but a happy one too. It is essential to lowering my risk of getting cancer and also my overall wellbeing to have balance in life. I work towards finding things that make me happy in all areas, whether it is in my work or during personal time. Reducing stress and taking time for things that give me joy are just as important as eating well and exercising.” —Dr David Poulad reduce stress 减缓压力 “我每天都会做一点点运动” 许多研究表明，运动可以减少所有死亡原因、癌症发病率和癌症死亡人数。 “In addition to my formal marathon training, I add informal movements throughout the day like taking walking breaks at work and doing push-ups with my kids on my back at home. Many studies have shown that exercise reduces all causes of death, cancer incidence and cancer deaths.” –Dr Matthew McCurdy, PhD push-ups 俯卧撑 “我吃地中海饮食” 多项研究表明地中海饮食辅以特级榨橄榄油有助于预防癌症。多吃西兰花、姜黄和大蒜，并限制食用精制糖、精制碳水化合物、饱和动物脂肪以及有毒化学物质和杀虫剂。 “Multiple studies, including a recent randomised trial published in JAMA, suggest that the Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil can help prevent cancer. I try to follow this by eating a whole-foods plant-based diet that includes broccoli, turmeric and garlic and limits refined sugar, refined carbohydrates, saturated animal fats and toxic chemicals and pesticides.” —Matthew McCurdy, PhD, a radiation oncologist  randomised trial 随机试验saturated animal fats 饱和（高）动物脂肪 “地中海饮食”是受到上世纪50年代的地中海周边国家如意大利南部，希腊，西班牙的饮食习惯的启发，以地中海周边国家的传统食物和饮料为基础的饮食模式。过去的几十年里，它已被推广为全世界最健康的饮食模式之一。这种饮食方式的特点是橄榄油，豆类，粗粮，水果和蔬菜的摄入量非常高，适中的鱼类，乳制品（奶酪和酸奶）和葡萄酒摄入量以及较低的非鱼类肉制品的摄入量。地中海饮食中有各种食物和成分都是有益于健康（例如特级初榨橄榄油），对慢性病和长寿方面一直是有益的。地中海饮食适用于绝大部分成人，但是儿童和孕妇的饮食需要某些额外的营养补充。（转自网络） “我接种了疫苗” 有许多癌症是可以通过接种疫苗来预防的，譬如接种 HPV（占宫颈癌 70% 的病毒）、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎等疫苗。 cervical cancer 宫颈癌hepatitis B 乙型肝炎hepatitis C 丙型肝炎 “Most people are unaware that certain viruses can cause cancer and that there are available vaccines specifically to prevent some cancers. I’m partnering with The Prevent Cancer Foundation for their campaign ‘Think About the Link’ aimed at letting people know how important it is to get vaccinated for HPV (the virus that accounts for 70% of cervical cancers), hepatitis B and hepatitis C.” —Dr Erich M. Sturgis, a professor in the department of head and neck surgery at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center “我不吃加工食品” 常言道：病从口入，祸从口出。 清洁饮食对控制癌症风险大有帮助。要避免吃加工食品和过多的糖分。此外，还要吃高蛋白质、适量脂肪和低碳水化合物的饮食。 Clean eating can go a long way in managing your cancer risk. For me this primarily means avoiding processed foods and excessive sugar. In addition, I try to eat a diet high in protein, moderate in fat, and low in carbohydrates. But the key is to always avoid processed foods.” —Dr Omar Llaguna, a surgical oncologist and assistant professor of surgery skip 跳过、越过，比喻不吃加工食品clean eating 清洁饮食 何谓加工食品？“ 完全运用工业制造的流程和化学配方来制造食品，为了让味道更好便添加增鲜剂、味精或其他提高口味的化学物质；为了让颜色看起来促进食欲便添加色素、增色剂；为了让香味更吸引人便添加人工香料，为了避免腐烂则添加防腐剂，而如此制造出来的食品色香味俱全。其中最为常见的有方便面、果冻、奶茶。还有例如：罐头食物（包括肉类、浓汤、饮料等）热狗、薯片；即食谷物、白糖果酱、果冻；含代糖低脂优酪乳、腌制肉类熏制粗香肠、面团（用以制造意大利面条等）、贝果面包、椒盐脆饼、松饼、可颂面包、比萨饼、英式烤饼（司康饼）饼干、曲奇饼、玉米粉薄烙饼（墨西哥）等。” 地中海食品健康指南 小结：所谓保持身体和心理健康、预防癌症的方法可以简单地归纳为三点。<ol class="ql-block"><li>管住自己的嘴</li><li>迈开自己的腿</li><li>保持达观的心态</li></ol>