石榴开遍透帘明——苏舜钦《夏意》

郭 娜

<p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">一个诗人在一个炎热的夏日中午做了一场梦,梦中发生了怎样的故事,我们不知道,但是我们分享到了他梦醒之后的清凉和幽静;一个诗人在一场夏日美梦之后发现了一座庭院,庭院里没有奇花异草,茂林修竹,但是我们体验到了别具情韵的清新和亮丽。这就是宋代诗人苏舜钦的小诗《夏意》留给笔者的第一印象。诗人描绘的景致和生活,其实不过就是大多数人非常熟悉的内容,庭院环境如何幽深宁静,花草树木如何秀丽可人,午睡休息如何闲适自在,可是诗句字里行间流露出来的诗人的心情,诗人的感受,诗人的生活态度,却是现实生活中我们大多数人难以企及或是无心留意的。看看诗人心目中的阴阴夏日吧。</font></span></p> <p align="center" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">夏意</font></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">宋</font><font face="楷体">·苏舜钦</font></font></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">别院深深夏簟清,石榴开遍透帘明。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">树阴满地日当午,梦觉流莺时一声。</font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体"> 夏季的白昼是漫长的,夏季的中午又是那么炎热,在夏季,午睡成为一种享受,诗人们也津津乐道午睡的舒适及醒来时的惬意。</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tangdai/baijuyi/31495.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">夏日</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">的午睡,在诗人的笔下似乎是一种充满魅力的题材,自从</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/weijin/taoyuanming/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">陶渊明</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">的</font>“五</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/zhanzheng/444.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">六月</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">中,北窗下卧,遇凉风暂至,自谓是羲皇上人</font>”这名言传世后,午睡的各种情趣不断出现在诗中。如唐</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tangdai/liuzongyuan/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">柳宗元</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">《夏昼闲作》:</font>“</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/siji/xiatian/863.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">南州溽暑醉如酒</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">,</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/siji/xiatian/863.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">隐几熟眠开北牖</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">。日午独觉无余声,</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/shan/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">山</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">童隔竹敲茶臼。</font>”宋张</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/xianqin/yiming/24545.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">宛丘</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">《夏日》:</font>“黄帘绿幕断飞蝇,午影当轩睡未兴。枕稳海鱼镌紫石,扇凉山</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/xue/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">雪</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">画青缯。</font>”宋</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/songdai/yangwanli/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">杨万里</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">《</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tangdai/yaohe/57105.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">闲居</font></span></a><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/xiatian/24350.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">初夏</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">午睡起》:</font>“</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/siji/xiatian/857.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">日长睡起无情思</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">,</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/siji/xiatian/3874.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">闲看儿童捉柳花</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">。</font>”这些轻松的诗句,与炎炎赤日、蒸人暑气成为截然不同的概念,体现出积极向上的热爱生活的情趣。</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/songdai/sushunqin/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">苏舜钦</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">这首《夏意》诗所表现的也是这一主题。</font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>“</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/siji/xiatian/3828.htm"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">别院深深夏</font></span><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">簟</font></span><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">清</font></span></font></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”:“夏”字点明节令,而“别院”、“深深”、“清”三词却层层深入,一开始即构成清幽的气氛。别院即正院旁侧的小院。深深,言此小院在宅庭幽深处,小院深深,曲径通幽,在这极清极静的环境中有小轩一座,竹席一领。</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tangdai/hanyu/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">韩愈</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">《郑群赠簟》诗曾以</font>“卷送八尺含风漪”、“肃肃疑有清飚吹”形容竹席。“夏</span><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">簟</font></span><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">清</font>”,正同此意,谓虽当盛夏,而小院深处,竹席清凉。深深是叠词,深深与清,韵母又相近,音质均清亮平远。这样不仅从文字形象上,更从音乐形象上给人以凉爽幽深之感。</span></font></p> <p style="margin: 0pt;"><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'> “</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/siji/xiatian/3828.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">石榴开遍透帘明</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”:“帘”字点明夏席铺展在轩屋之中。诗人欹卧于席上,闲望户外,只见榴花盛开,透过帘栊,展现着明艳的风姿。韩愈曾有句云“</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/xiewu/xiehua/1051.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">五月榴花照眼明</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000">”(《榴花》),第二句化用其意,却又加上了一重帷帘。隔帘而望榴花,虽花红如火,却无刺目之感。</font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">陶渊明有句云:</font>“蔼蔼堂前林,中夏贮清阴”(《和郭主簿》)。此诗第三句正由陶诗化出,谓虽当中夏亭午,而小院中仍清阴遍地,</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tangdai/lishangyin/9804.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">一片</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">凉意。此句与上句设色相映,从</font>“树阴满地”可想见绿树成林,不写树,而写阴,更显得小院之清凉宁谧。</font></span><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><br></span><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">  在这清幽的环境中诗人又在干什么呢</font>?“梦觉</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/yongwu/58154.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">流莺</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">时一声</font>”,原来他已为小院清景所抚慰,虽然烈日当午,却已酣然入睡,待到“梦觉”,只听得园林深处不时传来一两声流莺鸣啼的清韵。写莺声而不写黄莺本身,既见得树荫之茂密深邃,又以阒静之中时歇时现的呖呖之声,反衬出这小院的幽深宁谧。</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tangdai/lishangyin/9768.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">南朝</font></span></a><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/nanbeichao/wangji/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">王籍</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">诗云:</font>“</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/xiejing/xiejing/831.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">鸟鸣山更幽</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'>”(《</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/gssbs/40369.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">入若耶溪</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">》</font>),</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tangdai/wangwei/"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">王维</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">《</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/tianyuan/26363.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">辛夷坞</font></span></a><font color="#000000"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font face="楷体">》:</font>“</span></font><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/gushi/yueliang/48662.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">月出</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">惊山鸟,</font></span><a href="http://www.dzkbw.com/shiju/siji/chuntian/3572.htm"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#0066cc" face="楷体">时鸣春涧中</font></span></a><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000">”。末句意境正与二诗相类。</font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">诗的前三句着力在炎热的夏天描绘出一派清幽的世界,以衬托午睡的舒适。第一句写午睡的场所,</font>“深深”说明别院深幽寂静,因为寂静,而感到了“清”,体现出物我之间的通感,使人直观地感觉到在这里午睡的宜人。第二句写院外的环境。院内屋中是一味清凉,窗外榴花盛开,透过窗帘,仍能感觉到它艳丽的色彩。可以想象,诗人躺在席子上,榴花映照屋内,颜色柔和,带有催眠的作用。第三句把上两句所说加以综合,点出中午这个时间,说庭院深深,午时也绿阴遍地,凉意沁人。通过上面三句,午睡的各项条件都已具备,可接手写午睡了,诗却一下跳开,直接写梦醒,用笔灵活。梦醒后宁谧,又通过不时传来断续的莺声来反衬。睡醒后恬静舒适,睡觉时恬静舒适也就可想而知了,这就是诗人想表现的“夏意”。</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体"> 全诗四句,围绕午睡写。前三句是午睡前,末句是午睡后,不直接写午睡,而午睡已包含在其中,用笔活泼跳脱。诗又句句切合夏日,不断利用色彩来表现景物,表达诗人满足的心情,与夏午本应给人的炎热与压抑成鲜明的对比。</font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">拥有一座属于自己的小小庭院,树木成林,浓荫蔽日,栽种一些花花草草,姹紫嫣红,五彩缤纷。盛夏酷热的日子里,在院子里摆上一张竹席,或一卷在手,席地而坐,吟咏诗词歌赋,或安然人眠,进入梦乡,享受清凉快意。诗人强调竹席清凉,意在表达一份舒心惬意。</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">试想,燥热盛夏,一个人躺在自家小院的竹席上,做自己的清凉梦,何等闲适,何等逍遥!记得小时候,在乡下生活的日子里,每到炎热夏天,总会随大人一起到村头路口大树底下乘凉,有叔叔伯伯,也有白发爷爷,他们从家中搬来竹席,铺在大树底下的空地上,人就在竹席上睡午觉。作为小孩的我们,玩累了,也席地而睡,枝繁叶茂的大树底下,横七竖八地躺着几个大人或小孩,真是一道奇特的风景呢。没有谁来指责你这种睡相有损风化,没有谁来干扰你的清梦,有时候一觉醒来,就快到下午六点了,一溜烟跑回家去,生怕挨爸妈的打骂。如今想来,那种经历真的很有趣。诗人苏舜钦诗中描写的是自家小院的午睡,但是,其间的自由散漫,闲适快乐,和笔者童年时候的午睡应该是一样的。</font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">拥有一院的艳艳石榴,石榴花开,火红艳丽,灿烂双眸,这是一道怡悦心志的风景。诗人说他们家小院的石榴树全都开花了,开得浓艳,开得明亮,人在屋内,放眼望去,简直可以看到,一朵朵的石榴花,就如同燃烧的火焰一样热烈醒目。诗人还说,石榴红艳,透帘而入,分外打眼,意在突出石榴花的生机勃勃和神奇美丽。</font><font face="楷体">“开遍”是朵朵全开,浓艳生辉。“透帘”是说红得耀眼,灿烂迷人,那些火红似乎要蹦跳起来,像七八岁的小孩那样扑进你的怀抱,让你猝不及防,让你心花怒放!“明”是写视觉效果,花红明亮,似乎帘幕也是明亮的,屋内诗人的眼睛也被这火红的石榴花照亮了,诗人的心灵也像这盛开的花朵一样灿烂。想想看吧,平日的繁忙生活中,谁有心有意,如此仔细地观赏过身边的花草树木呢?谁又会兴致勃勃地赞美它们呢?诗人在赞美石榴花,在赞美夏日庭院的美丽和生机,其实是在抒写一种对自然,对生活的热爱和赞美之情啊。</font></font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">聆听黄莺歌唱,放纵心灵飞扬,同样令人羡慕,令人神往。夏日午睡,无人打扰,想睡多久就睡多久,想什么时候起来就什么时候起来,无事一身轻,心静自然凉,连梦也是清凉的、清爽的。有时候一觉醒来时不时听到院子里黄莺一声两声清脆鸣叫,备感清静,备感闲适。黄莺是百鸟园中的神奇歌手,她不仅形貌漂亮,性情温婉,而且声音婉转,悦耳动听。诗人用</font><font face="楷体">“流”来描写黄莺叫声,在花丛中鸣叫,在夏阴里欢唱,是以声衬静,突出了午后庭院的幽深宁静;也是以声传情,表现出诗人耳听好音而心生喜悦。换种景物想象一下,如果不是听到黄莺的鸣叫,而是听到乌鸦的啼叫,或是杜绝的悲鸣,哪里还有诗意,哪里还闲情雅致呢?唯有黄莺无论从形貌来看,还是声音来讲都是惹人心疼的,人见人爱的,诗人强调在自家庭院中听到莺鸣叫,其实还是在含蓄地表达自己的宁静愉悦之心情。</font></font></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">一个炎热的夏天,总会让人厌恶,厌恶它的漫长,厌恶它的酷热,可只要我们能够像诗人苏舜钦一样保持一颗爱自然,爱生活的心灵,我们就会发现无数的诗意:一院阴凉,一院幽静,一院红艳,一院莺鸣</font><font face="楷体">……</font></font></span></p> <p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000" face="楷体">创作背景</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; text-indent: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0000;"><span style='font-family: 楷体; font-size: 14pt; mso-spacerun: "yes"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;'><font color="#000000"><font face="楷体">这首诗作于苏舜钦谪居苏州之时。庆历四年(</font>1044),范仲淹实行新法,苏舜钦成为支持革新的一员。而守旧派则罗织罪名,诬陷苏舜钦,借此打击范仲淹。不久,苏舜钦被革职,贬为庶民。离开京城后,苏舜钦在苏州修建沧浪亭(取“沧浪之水清兮,可以濯吾缨;沧浪之水浊兮,可以濯吾足”之意),隐居不出。在这种情形下,诗人尚有如此心境,不禁令人肃然起敬。</font></span></p>