大美青海你来过

春懿曦明

<p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">青海湖长105公里,宽63公里,湖面海拔3196米,是中国最大的内陆湖泊,地处</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">青藏高原</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">的东北部,</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%81/37036" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">西宁</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">市的西北部,位于东经99°36′~100°16′之间,北纬36°32′~37°15′之间。湖的四周被四座巍巍高山所环抱:北面是</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%9A%E5%B1%B1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">大通山</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">,东面是日月山,南面是</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E5%B1%B1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">青海南山</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">,西面是</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A9%A1%E7%9A%AE%E5%B1%B1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">橡皮山</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">。这四座大山</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">海拔</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">都在海拔3600~5000米之间。青海湖面积达4456平方公里,环湖周长360多公里,比著名的太湖大一倍还要多。湖面东西长,南北窄,略呈椭圆形。青海湖水平均深约21米多,最大水深为32.8米,蓄水量达1050亿立方米,湖面海拔为3260米。离</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%81" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">西宁</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">约200公里。湖区有大小河流近30条。湖东岸有两个子湖,一名</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%95%E6%B5%B7" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">尕海</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">,</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">面积</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">48平方公里,系</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%92%B8%E6%B0%B4" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">咸水</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">;一名耳海,面积8平方公里,为淡水。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">青海湖的构造</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%96%AD%E9%99%B7%E6%B9%96" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">断陷湖</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">,湖盆边缘多以断裂与周围山相接。距今20~200万年前成湖初期,形成初期原是一个大淡水湖泊,与</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">黄河</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">水系相通,那时气候温和多雨,湖水通过东南部的</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%80%92%E6%B7%8C%E6%B2%B3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">倒淌河</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">泄入黄河,是一个</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%81%E6%B9%96" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">外流湖</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">。至13万年前,由于新构造运动,周围山地强烈隆起,从</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%8A%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">上新世</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">末,湖东部的</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E5%B1%B1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">日月山</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">、</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%87%8E%E7%89%9B%E5%B1%B1" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">野牛山</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">迅速上升隆起,使原来注入</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">黄河</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">的倒淌河被堵塞,迫使它由东向西流入青海湖,出现了</span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B0%95%E6%B5%B7" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 127, 222); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">尕海</a><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">、耳海,后又分离出海晏湖、沙岛湖等子湖。</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[</span></p>