【FT- 博物馆系列】中国铁路博物馆 China railway museum

Bodhi说英文

【FT博物馆系列】- 中国铁路博物馆 China railway museum

M: Hi, Bodhi. We will go to the China Railway Museum in Beijing tomorrow. Are you excited?

B: Wow! I love trains. I am so excited!

M: I have another surprise.

B： What is it?

M: We will go to the museum with your best friend Michael and his mummy.

B: It is a really really big surprise. Thank you, mom.

M: Let's look at the video and learn something about trains now.

出发前一天，用英文给娃儿普及一些关于火车的知识。感觉大部分孩子可以听明白。另外，在油管上找到下面这个视频。我和孩子都喜欢得不得了，蒸汽火车+窗外美景真的是绝配。

☑️ Video: Steam Trains For Children ☑️ Train Facts

• A train is a set of vehicles on a railway. Often, people refer to the ones that carry passengers as Coaches or Carriages.
  火车是在铁轨上行驶的一种交通工具。通常人们把火车上载客的部分称为车厢。
• Early trains used horse power and ran on wooden or iron tracks.
  早期的火车使用马力，在木制或铁制轨道上行驶。
• The first steam trains were built in England in the early 19th century.
  19世纪初，英国建造了第一列蒸汽火车。

• Trains contain the prime mover (either locomotive or motor unit) and one or more cars.
  火车包括原动机（机车或电动机）和一节或多节车厢。
• Some trains look like a special bus that can only drive on rails.
  有些火车看起来像只能在轨道上行驶的特殊公共汽车。
• Trains are used to carry people, as well as cargo, such as fuel /'fjuəl/, imported or exported goods, and so on.
  火车不仅用来运送乘客，也用来运送货物，如燃料、进出口货物等。
• Earlier trains were steam engine trains. In the early 1800s, Richard Trevithick attached a steam engine to a carriage. His boss made a bet that he could haul /hɔl/ ten tons of iron along a road with his steam engine. Richard succeeded!
  在19世纪早期，理查德·特里维西克在马车上安装了一台蒸汽机。他的老板打赌说他可以用他的蒸汽机沿着公路拖十吨的铁。理查德成功!
• Not long after, the first steam locomotives were invented. People used steam engines to propel /prə'pɛl/ boats, carriages and wagons on tracks, which led to the development of the first trains.
  不久之后，第一辆蒸汽机车被发明了。人们使用蒸汽机在轨道上推动船、马车和货车，这导致了第一批火车的发展。
• Of course, trains couldn't run unless they had tracks. People started building tracks across the United States. In the 1860s, railroad companies built tracks from New York City to California.
  当然，火车如果没有轨道就不能运行。人们开始在美国各地修建铁路。19世纪60年代，铁路公司修建了从纽约到加利福尼亚的铁路。
• People could travel all the way across the country. Trains changed the way people lived. They could get fresh food that was grown far away. They could work in the city and live in the country.
  人们可以在全国各地旅行。火车改变了人们的生活方式。他们可以得到生长在遥远地方的新鲜食物。他们可以在城市工作，在乡村生活。
• Today, trains are fueled by electricity or diesel fuel.
  今天，火车的燃料是电力或柴油。

☑️ Motive Power Locomotives may generate their power from fuel (wood, coal, petroleum /pə'trolɪəm/ or natural gas), or they may take power from an outside source of electricity. It is common to classify locomotives by their source of energy. The common ones include:

火车头可以用燃料(木头、煤、石油或天然气)发电，也可以从外部获取电力。按能量来源对机车进行分类是很常见的。常见的有:

1️⃣ Steam Train

A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive whose primary power source is a steam engine. The most common form of steam locomotive also contains a boiler to generate the steam used by the engine. It was used a lot between about 1830 and 1970.
蒸汽机车是一种以蒸汽机为主要动力源的铁路机车。最常见的形式的蒸汽机车也包含一个锅炉，以产生用于发动机的蒸汽。它在1830年到1970年间被广泛使用。

2️⃣ Diesel Train

The name diesel is given to an engine invented by a German named Rudolf Diesel in the late 19th century. It is one of the most used kinds of internal combustion /kəm'bʌstʃən/ engine.

柴油机这个名字是指19世纪末德国人鲁道夫·迪塞尔发明的一种发动机。它是最常用的内燃机之一。

3️⃣ Electric Train

An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered only by electricity. Electricity is supplied to moving trains with a (nearly) continuous conductor running along the track.

电力机车是一种只靠电力驱动的机车。电力是由沿着轨道运行的(几乎)连续的列车员为移动的火车提供的。

4️⃣ High speed train

High-speed rail is a type of passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the normal rail traffic. Early Shinkansen trains had a top speed of 200km/h. Various definitions are used in different contries.

高速铁路是一种客运铁路运输，其运营速度明显快于普通铁路运输。早期的日本新干线列车最高时速为200公里/小时。不同的国家使用不同的定义。

☑️ 中国铁道博物馆简介 China Railway Museum (Eastern Suburb Museum) is located at North Jiuxianqiao Bridge Road, Chaoyang District. The exhibitions mainly include over one hundred locomotives of different periods, types, and standards. All exhibitions are distributed into 8 exhibition lines.

中国铁道博物馆位于朝阳区酒仙桥北桥路。展览主要包括一百多个不同时期，类型和标准的铁道机车。(北京市朝阳区酒仙桥北路1号院北侧) 所有展都分为8条线。 The two halls are the locomotive hall and the comprehensive /ˌkɑmprɪ'hɛnsɪv/ hall, they show the changes in China's railway history and culture.
这两个大厅分别是机车大厅和综合大厅，它们展示了中国铁路历史和文化的变化。 一路开车到帝都，上东五环之后车子就是在龟速前进。还好我们在中午前赶到了。停车非常方便，参观的人也不多，大都是孩子。菩提和小奥看到火车轨道，高兴到尖叫。 ☑️ 户外展厅 1️⃣ Railway Track M: Guys, tell me can a train run on the road？
B: Of course not.
M: Where should it run?
B: On the track.
M: Correct! Trains run on the railway track. Could you please tell me something about railway track?
B: ......
M: Actually, A railway track is a set of two parallel /'pærəlɛl/ rows of long pieces of steel. They are used by trains to transport people and things from one place to another.
Look, Can you see the railway tracks and sleepers？（枕木）
B: Yes, here. There are some rocks between sleepers and tracks. 2️⃣ Train Station A train station or railway station (also called a railroad station, rail station, or depot) is a place where passengers can get on and off trains or goods may be loaded or unloaded.
火车站（也称为火车站或仓库）是旅客上下火车或可以装卸货物的地方。 3️⃣ Waiting Room Look! This is a waiting room in the station. When we get to the train station, it is not time to leave yet. We have to wait in the waiting room.
4️⃣ Locomotive / engine The locomotive is the first car that powers the train and pulls the trailing cars along the tracks, carrying cargo to new locations.

5️⃣ Train Chimney

M: What's that on top of the locomotive?
B: It is a chimney.
M: Yes. A chimney releases a large amount of smoke. Where is that smoke coming from?
B: I don't know.
M: The smoke you see is coming from a fire, of course! The steam engine inside the locomotive depends on the burning of coal in order to work. In fact, the most important parts of the engine are fire, coal, and water.

6️⃣ Dining Car （餐车）

The dining car (restaurant carriage) on the train is for passengers in need. We didn't bring enough food to eat on the train, so we could buy some food in the restaurant carriage.
火车上的餐车是为有需要的乘客而设计的。如果我们没有带足够的食物在火车上吃，可以在餐车里买一些食物。

7️⃣ Passenger Cars

If we have to go far away, we usually buy a sleeper ticket. If we are going somewhere near, we usually just buy a hard seat ticket.
如果路途远，我们通常会购买一张卧铺车票。如果要去附近的地方，只需要买硬座票。

8️⃣ Open-top Hopper (敞篷料斗)

Open-top hoppers are freight cars with no roof that have openings underneath for unloading freight like coal.
开顶式料斗是没有车顶的货运车，其下方有开口，可用来卸载煤炭等货物。

9️⃣ Flat Car (平板车)

Flat cars are designed to carry containerized /kən'tenɚ,aɪz/ cargo that is transferred from semi-trucks. It is mainly used for transporting steel, logs, vehicles and machinery.
平板车的设计目的是运载从半卡车转移来的集装箱货物。它主要用于运输钢材，原木，车辆和机械。

🔟 Caboose (守车)

The caboose was once the last car on nearly every train. It was used to shelter the crew, who often had to disembark the rear of the train for switching, or to protect the train from robbers when it was stopped. The conductor often had a desk in the caboose where he completed his paperwork.
守车是每列火车上的最后一节。它被用来运载机组人员，后者常常不得不下车以换行，或者在火车停下来时保护他们免遭抢劫。列车长经常在守车放一张桌子，在那里他完成了文书工作。 ☑️ 机车展示厅 Locomotive exhibition hall is one of the most important parts of China railway museum with 16500 square meters that allow 80-90 locomotives to be exhibited at the same time.
机车展示厅是中国铁路博物馆最重要的部分之一，占地16500平方米，可同时展出80-90台机车。 To the right after entering the museum, is the steam locomotives, and on the left are electric & Diesel locomotives and coaches. Some trains run on coal. Some trains run on fuel. Now the high-speed trains use elecricity.进入博物馆后，右侧是蒸汽机车，左侧是电力和柴油机车。一些火车靠烧煤行驶。一些火车靠燃油运行。现在，高速火车是电力驱动。

The parked trains is subdivided by functions and by era and age of the train. On the far end of the hall stand the oldest and most monumental trains. In front and on the opposite side of the Hall stand the more modern diesel, diesel-electric and fully electric trains.
停放的火车按功能和火车的时代和年龄细分。在大厅的尽头，站着最古老，最具纪念意义的火车。在大厅的正面和对面，摆放着更现代的柴油，柴油电动和全电动火车。

1️⃣ Zhu De Class steam engine

朱德号蒸汽机

The Class Jiefang steam engine is also known under the Japanese name Mikado. This locomotive here on display was originally constructed in Japan. From there it was imported to serve in on the railroads in China.Jiefang means liberation. this locomotive was renamed "Zhu De" in honor of the Great General who had largely been responsible for leading the liberation of Manchuria[mænˈtʃʊriə].
解放号蒸汽机也被称为”日本天皇”号。此处展示的机车最初是在日本制造的。从那里被进口，在中国的铁路上服役。Jiefang的意思是“解放”。该机车被改名为“朱德”，以纪念领导满洲（东三省）解放的大将军。

The Zhu De Class steam engines were all taken out of service in the year 1977 when they were replaced by a new class of diesel engine.
“朱德号”蒸汽机在1977年全部停产，之后被一台新型柴油机取代。 两个娃娃看到“毛泽东号”和“朱德号”蒸汽机车，居然兴奋地唱起了红歌《东方红》，唱完还相互拥抱，真有爱！

2️⃣ Class Gongjian Steam Engine

“攻坚号”蒸汽机

The Class Gongjian Steam Engine No.1019 is a type of steam engine that was constructed at the steam locomotive works in Taiyuan(China). The engine was mostly used for industrial purposes, hauling freights at factories and mining operations or shunting freights around.

“攻坚号”蒸汽机是在中国太原市的蒸汽机车厂建造的一种蒸汽机。该发动机主要用于工业用途，用于在工厂和采矿作业中拖运货物或在周围调拨货物。

The Jiefang engine has special significance for the elder generation of Chinese as it was the first main steam locomotive in use on the main freight lines in China.

解放号发动机对中国老一代而言具有特殊意义，因为它是中国主要货运线路上使用的第一台主要蒸汽机车。

3️⃣ Shengli Class Steam Engine

胜利号蒸汽机

The Shengli Class Steam Engine No.601 is another Chinese built locomotive produced in Qingdao. The engine seen on display at the museum, No. 601 was produced in the year 1956 and became the first and most generally used steam locomotive in passenger transport around the Peoples Republic of China.
胜利601号蒸汽机是在青岛生产的另一辆中国制造的机车。在博物馆展出的发动机编号为601，该发动机于1956年生产，成为中国各地客运中使用的第一辆也是最常用的蒸汽机车。

4️⃣ Class Dongfeng(East Wind) Diesel Locomotive

东风内燃机车

The Class Dongfeng (East Wind) Diesel Locomotive has also become known as the Mao Zedong Train type 2, as models of this series also were in use by Mao Zedong during the later stages of his life as a leader of the Peoples Republic of China. A later type Electric Train locomotive became the so far third and last Mao Zedong Train type.
东风（东风）号柴油机车也被称为毛泽东2号，因为该系列的模型在毛泽东担任中国领导人的后期也被使用。后来的电力火车机车成为迄今为止的第三个也是最后一个毛泽东号火车机车。

5️⃣ Class Zero type steam engine

0号蒸汽机车

The now seemingly absurdly small Class Zero type steam engine is the oldest steam train in China today and was originally made in Britain in the year 1881 AD and so was an imported technology.

如今看来荒谬的小型0号蒸汽机车是``当今中国最古老的蒸汽机车''，最初于公元1881年在英国制造，也是一种进口技术。

The Class Zero steam engine was used at the first ever constructed Chinese railroad, which was the Taishan to Xugezhuang Railway.

零级蒸汽机用于最早修建的中国铁路，即台山至徐各庄铁路。

Other early model steam trains stand nearby the Model Zero.
其他早期的蒸汽火车模型则位于0号蒸汽机车附近。

6️⃣ Yellow Carriage SY 97334

黄色车厢SY 97334

The row of high class railway carriages on display in the main hall of the China Railway Museum in Chaoyang. The yellow carriage SY 97334 used to be the one made available to the railway minister, the other two carriages designated GW 97336 and XXXX which otherwise look fairly ordinary on the outside.
在朝阳区中国铁路博物馆的正厅，陈列着一排排高级铁路车厢。黄色车厢SY 97334曾经是提供给铁道部部长的，另外两个分别是GW 97336和XXXX，在外面看起来还很普通。 Some locomotives allow tourists to tour their interiors. Here you can see a variety of passenger vehicles, such as vintage special bus and national leaders' official cars. There are also different types of rail seat car, sleeping car, dining car, baggage cars and other cars with different functions.
一些机车允许游客游览他们的内饰。在这里，您可以看到各种客用车，例如老式的特殊巴士和国家领导人的公务车。铁路座椅车，卧铺车，餐车，行李车和其他功能不同类型的车。 ☑️ 百科英语关于火车的网课两节

回家后，趁热打铁扒出来哈佛外教百科英语关于火车话题的网课复习了一遍。完美！

1️⃣ How Does a Steam Train Work? 2️⃣ Type of Passenger Trains.