世界传统文化研究院创始人李佳琴一行参观宁夏银川非遗文化研学基地葫芦居

世界传统文化研究院

葫芦的大致有以下几方面的寓意象征：

1、表示富贵。由于“葫芦”与“福禄”音同，它又是富贵的象征，代表长寿吉祥，民间以彩葫芦作佩饰，就是基于这种观念。

2、表示吉祥辟邪。古代夫妻结婚入洞房饮“合卺”酒，卺即葫芦，其意为夫妻百年后灵魂可合体，因此古人视葫芦为求吉护身、避邪祛祟的吉祥物。葫芦与仙道的关系非常密切。《列仙传》上的铁拐先生、尹喜、安期生、费长房这些传说中的神话人物，总是与葫芦为伍的，以致后来葫芦成为成仙得道的标志之一。

3、表示子孙兴旺。另外因葫芦藤蔓绵延，结子繁盛，它又被视为祈求子孙万代的吉祥物。谚语：“厝内一粒瓠，家风才会富”，意思是说，在家里摆放一个葫芦，才会发财、富有。

4、是部分少数民族崇拜的图腾。中国至少有20多个民族拜匏，他们崇拜葫芦，并有葫芦神话相伴随。

葫芦，是爬藤植物，果子可以从10厘米至一米不等。古时候人们把葫芦晒干，掏空其内，做盛放东西的物件。“葫芦”这个名称，从《说文解字》中两字互训这点中可以看出。瓠字从瓜，说明古人把它看作瓜的一种。

5、人类生生不息的象征。葫芦藤，一种葫芦科植物。我国至少有20多个民族拜匏，也就是崇拜葫芦，并有葫芦神话相伴随。闻一多在《伏羲考》中，列出了与葫芦相关的神话49种。

据统计自上世纪50年代以来就发现葫芦神话119则。上古神话中作为人类始祖的伏羲、女娲，皆看作是葫芦的化身。上古神话中还有“开天辟地”的始祖盘古，“‘盘’与‘奭瓠’之‘奭’古通用，‘古’与‘瓠’音近，‘盘古’即为‘奭瓠’，而‘奭瓠’就是葫芦。”

总之，创造人类及世界万物的始祖乃是葫芦转化，“至于为什么以始祖为葫芦的化身，我想是因为瓜类多子，是子孙繁殖的最妙象征。”由创生、始祖，再引申到男女**、婚恋等方面的意义，正是葫芦作为隐喻意象在《诗》之兴及《易》之象中的真正涵义。

Calabash generally has the following moral symbols:

1, means riches and honour. Since "calabash" and "blessing" sound the same, it is also a symbol of wealth and honour, on behalf of longevity and good luck, the folk color calabash as the ornament, is based on this idea.

2, good luck to ward off evil spirits. The ancient couple drink a slice of wine from an exquisite wedding. It means that the souls of the couple can be married in an exquisite wedding. Therefore, ancient people regarded the calabash as a mascot for seeking good fortune, protecting the body from evil spirits and removing dangers. Calabash has a very close relationship with Fairy Dao. The mythical figures in the legends such as Mr. Tie Guai, Yin Xi, An Qisheng and Fei Changfang in the Bios of Lixian Immortals were always associated with calabash, so that calabash later became one of the symbols of immortals and enlightenment.

3. Prosperity. In addition, calabash is regarded as the mascot to pray for future generations because of its extended vines and flourishing seeds. As a proverb goes, "Only when a bottle gourd is placed in the house will a family become rich." This means that only when a gourd is placed in the house will a family become rich.

4. It is the totem of minority worship. The gourd is worshiped by at least 20 ethnic groups in China, and is accompanied by gourd myths.

Calabash is a climbing vine plant with fruit ranging from 10 centimeters to one meter. In ancient times, people dried calabash in the sun and hollowed out its interior to make objects for storing things. "Calabash" this name, from "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" in the two words mutual training this point can be seen. The word "bottle gourd" from melon indicates that the ancients regarded it as a kind of melon.

A symbol of human life and growth. Cucurbitaceae, a plant in the Cucurbitaceae family. At least more than 20 ethnic groups in China worship gourd, namely gourd worship, accompanied by gourd myth. In the study of fuxi, wen yiduo listed 49 kinds of calabash myths.

According to statistics, 119 gourd myths have been discovered since the 1950s. In ancient mythology, Fuxi and Nuwa, the first ancestors of human beings, are regarded as the incarnation of calabash. Ancient mythology and "epoch-making" ancestor Pan Gu, "' plate 'and' Shi Hu 'of the' Shi 'ancient general,' Gu 'and' Hu Hu 'sound near,' Pan Gu 'is' Shi Hu', and 'Shi Hu' is gourd.

In short, the ancestor of human beings and all things in the world is the transformation of calabash. "As for why the ancestor is the incarnation of calabash, I think it is because melons have many children, which is the best symbol of offspring reproduction." The meaning of creation, ancestor, and then the sex between men and women, marriage and love is the true meaning of calabash as a metaphorical image in the prosperity of the poem and the image of the book of changes.

拓展资料：

从古至今，人们常把中医行医雅称为“悬壶”，对德高望重、医术精湛的老中医的职业生涯，多美誉为“悬壶济世”。那么，中医大夫到底悬的是什么壶呢？

从典籍记载来看，悬壶源自《后汉书·方术列传·费长房》里的故事：“市中有老翁卖药，悬一壶于肆头（指街头）。”这里的“壶”，即“壶卢”，《诗经·七月》中也有“七月食瓜，八月断壶”，这里的“壶”便是葫芦。传说东汉时，一个叫费长房的人想学医，有一天在街上见到一个挂着葫芦的卖药老翁，据称老翁医术高明，凡施药，必药到病除，遂悄悄跟随老翁。后见到老翁化作一道烟钻进葫芦里，知其非凡人，乃诚心拜老翁为师，并学成得其真传。费长房为纪念老翁，行医时总是把一个葫芦挂在身上，后世医家纷纷模仿，葫芦逐渐成为名医招牌。

葫芦与中医结缘可谓源远流长，相传太上老君精心炼就的长生不老仙丹，就装在他的法宝紫金葫芦里。神话里的八仙之首铁拐李，成仙后还钻研药理，炼制了不少膏丹丸散，身上总背着一个葫芦装药，以致有一句歇后语广为流传，“铁拐李的葫芦——不知卖的是什么药”。而中医高手济公活佛，身后也爱背着一个葫芦，闲时盛酒快活似神仙，行医时则神奇地从葫芦里取药治病救人。

如果说上述故事不过是传说的话，那么，事实上在历朝历代里，中医药行业一直把葫芦视为职业徽标或吉祥物，并相传至今。古代走街串巷的摇铃医都会背一个葫芦，因葫芦轻便易于携带，是古代版赤脚医生的“红十字药箱”。 中国医学史上很多赫赫有名的医药学家如陶弘景、孙思邈、葛洪等，他们也信仰道教，喜欢炼制丹药，药葫芦是他们不离身的宝物。千百年来，各种大大小小的医馆、中药铺乃至岭南的凉茶铺，店面上都会竖一个铜制的药葫芦作为招牌。

为何葫芦在中医中药文化史上占有如此重要的地位？其实，在我国的很多民族里，尤其是南方诸族，葫芦崇拜或葫芦文化，早已刻进了民族集体记忆里。在仰韶文化晚期文化遗址里，就出土了大量葫芦形的典型器物。炎黄子孙常以葫芦作为祭祀礼器，天津博物馆馆藏中曾记载 ：“祭天器用陶匏（音páo），以象天地之性也。” 意思就是指在祭天的时候祭祀礼器会使用粗陶和葫芦来表现天地的质朴本性。

葫芦在我国栽培历史悠久，距今已有7000多年。葫芦嫩时可作蔬菜食用，据《千金要方》《本草纲目》等典籍记载，葫芦的藤蔓、卷须、叶、花、果瓤及膜、种仁等均可入药，常用于治疗水肿、蛀牙、痈疽恶疮等疾病。其入药时称为“壶卢”，入菜时称为“葫芦”。葫芦果皮干后变成木质，其密封性好，自身又有一股清香之气，无论盛药、载酒或装茶，都是难得的天然盛器。

中国先民崇拜葫芦的原因有很多，一是葫芦的形状优美，与女性怀孕和哺乳时饱满的子宫和乳房十分相似，是母系社会女性崇拜的表现；二是葫芦多籽，容易繁殖，符合人们渴望繁衍子孙后代的美好心愿；三是在洪水肆虐的远古时代，葫芦如同西方传说中的诺亚方舟一样，是人们理想中躲避洪水的藏身之所；四是葫芦常与追求成仙的道士和仙人结下不解之缘，人们渴望长寿健康，葫芦也就成为云游天下的医家、道人身边的必伴之物，被认为是神仙器具；五是葫芦外形圆润，口小肚大，且与“福禄”谐音，它的枝茎称之为蔓带，谐音“万代”，是世俗社会的吉祥物；六是古人将葫芦视为阴阳合一的载体，古代婚礼上，新婚夫妻要将葫芦剖成两个瓢，用红线相连来饮酒，称为“合卺（音jǐn）”， 寓意夫妻和谐美满， 后来婚礼上喝交杯酒的习俗就是由此衍生的。

历经了数千年的历史积淀，葫芦从广泛的实用功能到被人们赋予了各种精神寄托，逐渐发展出一种葫芦文化。葫芦作为植物，生命力极其旺盛，药食兼用；作为盛器，圆润饱满，能容纳、包藏。悬壶济世反映了中国传统医学追求长寿健康、平安吉祥、家族繁衍旺盛等对美好生活向往的精神需求，葫芦文化也成为中医文化不可缺少的重要组成部分。

Extension materials:

From ancient times to the present, people often call the practice of traditional Chinese medicine as "the suspension pot", and the career of the venerable and exquisite old Chinese medicine doctor is praised as "the suspension pot helps the world". So, what kind of pot does a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine hang?

According to ancient records, the pot was originated from a story in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Fang Shu, Fei Changfang: "There was an old man selling medicine in the city, and a pot was hung in Wantou (indicating the street). The "pot" here is "pot Lu". In "The Book of Songs · July", there is also "Eat melons in July, and break the pot in August". The "pot" here is calabash. It is said that in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a man named Fei Changfang wanted to learn medicine. One day, he saw an old man selling medicine with a gourd hanging in the street. It is said that the old man was very skilled in medicine and whenever he applied medicine, the medicine would cure the disease. See old man to change into a smoke to get into calabash hind, know its special person, it is sincere worship old man to be a teacher, learn to get its true pass. To commemorate the old man, Fei Changfang always hung a calabash on his body when practicing medicine, which was imitated by doctors of later generations. Calabash gradually became a famous doctor's sign.

Calabash and traditional Chinese medicine have a long history. It is said that the elixir of immortality carefully refined by Lord Lao Lao was stored in his magic treasure of purple and gold calabash. Tieguai Li, the head of the eight immortals in the myth, also studied the pharmacology after becoming an immortals, and made a lot of paste Dan pill powder. He always carried a calabash on his back to pack medicine, so that there is a saying that is widely circulated, "Tieguai Li's calabash -- I do not know what medicine he is selling." The master of traditional Chinese medicine, Jigong Living Buddha, also likes to carry a gourd behind him. When he is free, he is as happy as a god when he fills wine. When he practices medicine, he takes medicine from the gourd magically to cure and save people.

If the above story is just a legend, then in fact, in the past dynasties, the traditional Chinese medicine industry has always regarded calabash as a professional logo or mascot, and it has been handed down to the present day. In ancient times, the bell-ringing doctors who went from street to street would carry a calabash on their backs. Because calabash was portable and easy to carry, it was the "Red Cross medicine box" of the ancient barefoot doctors. In the history of Chinese medicine, many famous medical and pharmaceutical experts, such as Tao Hongjing, Sun Simiao, Ge Hong, etc., also believe in Taoism and like to make red medicine. Medicine calabash is their treasure. For thousands of years, all kinds of big and small medical centers, Chinese medicine shops and even Lingnan cold tea shops have erected a copper medicine gourd as a signboard.

Why does calabash play such an important role in the history of traditional Chinese medicine culture? In fact, in many ethnic groups in China, especially those in the south, calabash worship or calabash culture has long been engraved in the national collective memory. In the late Yangshao Culture relics, a large number of gourd-shaped typical utensils have been unearthed. The descendants of the Yan and Huang dynasties often used calabash as sacrificial utensils. It is recorded in Tianjin Museum that "the utensils used to worship the heaven and earth are Pao, which is the nature of heaven and earth". It means that when offering sacrifices to heaven, sacrificial vessels will use rough pottery and calabash to show the simple nature of heaven and earth.

Calabash cultivation in China has a long history, dating back to more than 7000 years. Calabash can be eaten as a vegetable when it is young. According to the records in The Thousand Gold Essential Prescribes and Compendium of Materia Medica, the vines, tendrils, leaves, flowers, fruit pulp, membrane and seed kernels of calabash can be used as medicine, which is often used to treat edema, tooth decay, evil ulceries and other diseases. When it is put into medicine, it is called "pot lu", and when it is put into dishes, it is called "gourd". Calabash peel becomes wood after drying, which has good sealing ability and a fresh fragrance. It is a rare natural container for medicine, wine or tea.

There are many reasons why Chinese ancestors worshipped calabash. One is the beautiful shape of calabash, which is very similar to the full uterus and breasts when women are pregnant and breastfeeding. It is the expression of female worship in the matriarchal society. Second, calabash has many seeds and is easy to reproduce, which is in line with people's good wishes for reproduction and future generations. Third, in the ancient times when the flood was raging, calabash, just like Noah's ark in the western legend, was the ideal hiding place for people to avoid the flood. Fourth, calabash often forms an indissoluble bond with Taoists and immortals who pursue immortals. People long for longevity and health, so calabash becomes the must-companion of doctors and Taoists who travel around the world, and is considered as the immortals' utensils. Five is calabash shape round, mouth small belly big, and with "Fu Lu" homophonic, its branches and stems called tendrilbelt, homophonic "Wan Dai", is the mascot of secular society; Sixth, the ancient Chinese people saw the calabash as the embodiment of an exquisite slice of Yin and Yang. In ancient weddings, newlyweds would slice the calabash into two porket gourds and connect them with a red line to drink wine from an exquisite wedding, which means harmony and happiness between husband and wife. This is why the custom of drinking wine from an exquisite wedding wedding is originated.

After thousands of years of historical accumulation, calabash has gradually developed a calabash culture from its extensive practical functions to being endowed with various spiritual sustinations by people. Calabash as a plant, extremely vigorous vitality, medicine and food; As a container, it is round and full, able to accommodate and hide. Pot suspension reflects the spiritual needs of traditional Chinese medicine for a better life, such as longevity, health, peace and auspice, and prosperous family reproduction. Calabash culture has also become an indispensable part of traditional Chinese medicine culture.