花朵资料整理

多米

A flower is a special kind of plant part. Flowers are also called the bloom or blossom of a plant. The flower grows on a stalk – a thin node – which supports it. Flowers have petals. Inside the part of the flower that has petals are the parts which produce pollen and seeds.

Flowers are the reproductive structure of flowering plants。 In many plants, a flower is its most colourful part. We say the plant 'flowers', 'is flowering' or 'is in flower' when this colourful part begins to grow bigger and open out. There are many different kinds of flowers in different areas in the world. Even in the coldest places, for example the Arctic, flowers can grow during a few months.

How Flowers Eat and Grow--Photosynthesis

Some facts about flowers are that flowers get their food from sunlight, water, and minerals in the soil; flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant, and plants make their own food by photosynthesis.
关于花的一些事实是，花从阳光、水和土壤中的矿物质中获取养分;花是植物的生殖器官，植物通过光合作用制造自己的食物。

Plants can photosynthesize due to cells called chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll/ˈklɔːrəfɪl/; this is what makes plants green. Sun strikes the chloroplasts and combines with carbon dioxide that plants get from their leaves, and water that plants get through their roots, to produce sugar, or glucose /ˈɡluːkoʊz/. This is the plant's food, and this gives the plant energy to grow and produce flowers.
植物能够进行光合作用是因为含有叶绿素的叶绿体细胞;这就是植物变绿的原因。阳光照射到叶绿体上，与植物从叶子中吸收的二氧化碳和植物通过根部吸收的水分结合，产生糖或葡萄糖。这是植物的食物，给植物生长和开花提供能量。

Plants take in carbon dioxide, or CO 2 ,through little holes in their leaves, which are called stomata/'stəumətə/ . They then produce and release oxygen through the stomata . Plants and animals were meant to live together! Animals need the oxygen that plants put out, and plants need the carbon dioxide that animals put out.
植物通过叶子上的气孔吸收二氧化碳。然后它们通过气孔产生和释放氧气。植物和动物注定要生活在一起!动物需要植物排出的氧气，植物需要动物排出的二氧化碳。

Sometimes people add fertilizer, or plant food, to give plants extra minerals and nutrients so that they can grow better. Fertilizer does not take the place of sunlight and water.
有时人们会给植物施肥或添加食物，以给植物提供额外的矿物质和营养，使它们长得更好。肥料不能代替阳光和水。

Without sunlight and water, plants will die.
没有阳光和水，植物就会死亡。 Parts of a Flower and their Functions

Many flowers have male parts and female parts.

Male part – Stamen
The stamen has two parts
Anthers – Pollen producing part
Filaments – They hold up the anthers

Female part – Pistil
The pistil looks like a vase with a long neck, which has three parts
Stigma – Sticky surface at the pistil's top, where the pollen germinates
Style – Holds up the stigma
Ovary – Contains the ovules
Ovules – Become the seed after fertilization by pollen

Other Parts of the Flower
Petals – Usually bright, to attract pollinator
Sepals – Protect the flower bud when it is developing；These are often green and enclose the rest of the flower in the bud. They may be absent, or they may be petal-like in some species.
Receptacle – Portion of the stalk with the flower structure
Peduncle /pɪˈdʌŋkl/ （花梗）– Flower stalk

Pollinators/'pɑlɪnetɚ/ like bees, animals, and birds come and gather pollen from the flowers. The pollen sticks to their bodies. When they go to visit another flower to gather more pollen, the pollen from the previous flower drops into the pistil of the new flower, fertilizes the eggs inside the ovary, and seeds are made.
像蜜蜂、动物和鸟类这样的传粉者来收集花朵的花粉。花粉粘在它们的身体上。当他们去拜访另一朵花来收集更多的花粉时，前一朵花的花粉就会落到新花的雌蕊里，使子房里的卵受精，然后就产生了种子。

1. pistil /'pɪstɪl/雌蕊；
2. stigma /'stɪgmə/柱头；
3. style /staɪl/花柱；
4. ovary /'əʊv(ə)rɪ/ 子房；
5. stamen /'steɪmən/雄蕊；
6. anther /'ænθə/花药；
7. filament /'fɪləm(ə)nt/ 花丝；
8. petal 花瓣；
9. ovule with Embryo Sac 胚珠与胚囊；
10. sepal萼片；
11. pollen 花粉；
12. receptacle 花托

tip: Nectar is a sugary liquid formed by glands called nectaries at the base of flower petals in the carpal, or female organ, of a flower.

game about flower

Option 1:

让小朋友一个站中间，当做雌蕊，外面围3-4个小朋友作为雄蕊，最外圈5个小朋友作为花瓣。组成花的过程中，组织者一边组织一边解说一下花的结构。最后，组织者假装作为小蜜蜂，一边唱little bee去采蜜。小蜜蜂第一次去采蜜，问小花朵该在哪里采蜜，该在哪里收集花粉。最后雌蕊和小蜜蜂说，小蜜蜂，能不能帮忙在别的花朵采完蜜后再回来转转。然后问小朋友为什么花朵希望小蜜蜂在不同花朵间飞来飞去。

Come here, kids, let us pretend to be a flower. Do you know all the parts of a flower? Yes, generally speaking, a flower contains petals, sepals, stamens and a pistil. Then how can we be a flower? We need one pistil in the middle, and who wants to be the pistil? Good, stand here. Now, your head is stigma, and your body is the style, and where is the ovary? Yes, your feet. Then, who want to be the stamens? Good, I think this flower has 3 stamens. You 3 kids stand around the pistil. Now, your heads are anthers, and your bodies are filaments. Last, we need several petals. Who want to be the petals? This flower has 5 petals. Good, you 5 kids are petals now. Petals are usually bright colored, and do you know why? Yes, they want to attract some insects, like bees to help it pollinate.

Now, I am a bee, a busy bee. I need to collect nectar and pollen.

Bee: Wow, a beautiful flower there, the petals are very attractive and smells very good. Let me fly to that flower to start my work today. Buzz, little bee little bee, sound sound sound, little bee little bee, round round round. I am here. But it is the first time for me to do this job. I don't know how to do my job.

Hello, flower, can you tell me where your nectar is?

Flower: Here here, you can get nectar at the base of petals or pistil. You can use your straw-like mouth to suck nectar from here.

Bee: Thank you so much, the nectar is really very good. And what's more, can you tell me where I can get pollen?

Stamens: here here. You can get stamens on our anthers.

Bee: thank you so much. I need to fly to another flower to get more nectar and pollen. Do you want me fly back again?

Pistil: yes yes, you must bring some pollen from other flowers here. It is very important for the pollination.

Bee: I see, no problem, I will do that. See you later.

Option 2:

一位妈妈盘腿坐在中间，扮做雌蕊和雄蕊，3-5个小朋友围成一圈当花瓣。可以分组做成2-3个不同的花朵，其他小朋友是蜜蜂。

M：Come here, kids, let us play flower game. Would you like to make a flower？ How about we make a cherry blossom(按之前的分组做不同的花朵）?

K：yes yes.

M: Great. In this game, some kids will be petals, and some kids will be bees. Who want to be petals, and who want to be bees?

按孩子意愿分好想做花瓣的和小蜜蜂的。

M: Now, I will sit in the middle. Can you guess what I will be? Ha ha, I will be the pistil and stamens. So, my head is stigma now, and my body is the style, and here, the lower part of my body is the ovary. Then, my 2 arms are stamens. So, my 2 hands are the anthers, and my 2 arms are filaments. (打印好花朵结构的图片，一遍演示一遍说）. Now, what else do we need to make this cherry blossom? Right, petals. Now，petals come here, and stand in a circle around me. Now, here is a cherry blossom.

M: see, here come some bees. They must collect our pollen and nectar. Let us ask them some questions first, if they can answer correctly, then we let them come in, ok?

Petals: ok

M: Hi, bees. What do you want to do here?

Bees: We want to collect pollen and nectar.

M: That is great, welcome you here. But you need to answer our questions first.

Bees: ok

M: Where will you get pollen?

Bees: We get pollen from the anthers on stamens.

M: very right. And where will you get nectar?

Bees: We will get nectar from the base of petals and pistil.

M: you are very right. Now, let the bees come in. Enjoy the nectar and pollen here. But can you little bees do me a favor?

Bee: yes please.

M: If you can come back to visit me again after you collect nectar and pollen from other flowers, it will be perfect, because I need pollen from other flowers for pollination.

Bees: I know I know, I will bring some pollen back and stop on pistil.

M: Thank you very much.

common spring flowers magnolia blossom Magnolia is very attractive flowering plant that belongs to the family Magnoliaceae. There are around 210 species of magnolia that differ in size, shape, color of the flower and type of habitat. Magnolia trees originate from Southeast Asia and North America, but they have been naturalized to almost all continents in the world because of their beauty. Magnolia usually grows on acidic soils that are rich in nutrients, in areas that provide enough moisture and direct sunlight.

Interesting Magnolia tree Facts:

• Size of magnolia tree depends on the species. Smaller species are only 15 feet tall. Larger species can grow 80 feet in height. Magnolia has pyramidal crown that can reach 30 to 50 feet in diameter.
  
• Magnolia has dark green, oval shaped leaves that are covered with layer of wax. Leaves are evergreen and they are alternately arranged on the branches. Leaves have leathery（似皮革的） texture and entire margin.
  
• Magnolia has brown or grey bark that is smooth when the plant is young. As the plant gets older, bark turns from smooth into scaly（有鳞的）.
  
• Magnolia produces 1 ½ to 3 inches wide flower that consists of up to 18 leathery tepals (fused petals and sepals). Flower contains both male and female reproductive organs (monoecious plant).
  
• Color of the flower depends on the species and it can be white, yellow, pinkish, purple and green.
  
• Flower of magnolia has pleasant scent that resembles（类似） the smell of tropical fruit.
  
• Magnolia blooms from April to June. First flowers develop seven years after planting.
  
• Bees are main pollinators of magnolia.
  
• Magnolias are ancient plants. They exist on the planet at least 95 million years. Since they appeared before bees, magnolias slowly changed their flowers to become more attractive to bees (to ensure successful pollination).
  
• Magnolias do not produce nectar. Instead, they have pollen enriched with proteins which bees use as food. Flowers release sugary scent which attracts pollinators.
  
• Magnolia produces cone-like brownish fruit that can reach 2 to 10 inches in length. Kidney-shaped seed can be red, orange or pink in color. Seed of magnolia is favorite food of many birds.
  
• Magnolia is resistant to most pests and diseases. Some species are prone to fungal infections. Larvae of certain insects eat different parts of magnolia tree.
  
• Bark and flowers of magnolia are used in traditional Asian medicine. Leaves of magnolia are used for wrapping of food in Asia.
  
• Wood of magnolia is used for the production of pallets and furniture.
  
• Magnolia can live more than 100 years.
  

Cherry blossom/sakura 【樱花特点】
There are approximately 400 different types of cherry trees. They mutate(产生突变) easily.
Most of the flowers are white or pink with five petals, but there are some flowers with almost a hundred petals.
They bloom for around 14 days, and then they fall from the tree.

【樱花分布】
It's something that is very special in Asia.
Currently they are widely distributed, especially in the temperate zone(温带) of the Northern Hemisphere including **************, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, India, Nepal尼泊尔, West Siberia西伯利亚, Iran伊朗, Myanmar缅甸 and Afghanistan阿富汗.

【日本樱花】
Cherry blossoms are Japan's national flower.
Known as "sakura" in Japanese, these pale blooms are a symbol of more than just spring—they stand for renewal and hope.
The Japanese people have looked on Sakura as an important object. Plum blossom peach blossom Distinguish cherry blossom，plum blossom and peach blossom

1. The shape of their petals
看花瓣的形状

The easiest way to spot the difference between a cherry, plum or peach flower is by observing the petal’s natural shape.

Cherry blossoms have a unique cleft(裂口) at the tip of their petals.

Plum blossoms have rounded petals, while peach blossoms have tear-drop shaped petals.

个人感觉，看花瓣来区分是最容易记忆和分辨的方式呢。

2. The way they’re attached to the tree
看花朵和树枝连接的方式

Another easy way to tell the three beautiful blossoms apart is how they’re attached to the tree.

Cherry blossoms have long stems that attach them to the branch from a single bud.

Plum blossoms grow out from the branch itself and literally have no stems.

Peach blossoms have shorter stems which have two flowers sprouting from the same branch.

3. The color of their petals

Cherry blossom:
colors usually range from white to pink.

Plum blossom:
colors usually range from white to dark crimson with a purple shade

Peach blossom:
colors range from light pink to light purple.

通过上面三种方式，基本能辨别出来樱花、梅花和桃花啦。此外，从花期来看，开花先后稍微有点不同，按时间顺序应该是梅花→桃花→樱花。梅花有浓郁的香味，樱花桃花则基本没有味。 常见花朵 other flowers 也可以打出来，可能在热带花朵里面能找到相关的花 If you love a flower, don’t pick it up. Because if you pick it up it dies and it ceases to be what you love. So if you love a flower, let it be. Love is not about possession. Love is about appreciation.