<span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'>文徵明(1470—1559),原名壁(或作璧),四十二岁起,以字行,更字徵仲。因先世衡山人,故号衡山居士,世称文衡山,汉族,长州(今江苏苏州)人,明代画家、书法家、文学家。</span> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《离骚》是战国诗人屈原创作的文学作品。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“离骚”,东汉王逸释为:</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“离,别也;</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">骚,愁也。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”《离骚》以理想与现实的冲突为主线,以花草禽鸟的比兴和瑰奇迷幻的“求女”神境作象征,借助于自传性回忆中的情感激荡,和复沓纷至、倏生倏灭的幻境交替展开全诗。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作品倾诉了对楚国命运和人民生活的关心,“哀民生之多艰”,叹奸佞之当道。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主张“举贤而授能”,“循绳墨而不颇”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">提出“皇天无私阿”,对天命论进行批判。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作品中大量的比喻和丰富的想像,表现出积极浪漫主义精神,并开创了中国文学上的“骚”体诗歌形式,对后世有深远影响。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有东汉王逸《楚辞章句》、南宋朱熹《楚辞集注》、清代戴震《屈原赋注》等注本。</span></p><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文征明小楷书《离骚》 </span></strong></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文征明《离骚经 九歌等》册,内容为屈原《离骚经》、《九歌》六首(东皇太一、云中君、湘君、湘夫人、司命、山鬼)《九章》一首(涉江)、及《卜居》、《渔父》。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其书写风格风格渊源主要因受到钟繇《宣示表》、王羲之《黄庭》、以及元代倪瓒风格之影响,与北京故宫博物院藏84 岁所书《过秦论》笔法最为接近。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">而此册独到之处还在于,从章法上讲,他不像平时那样画界格来书写,而整体端雅整齐,行气自然流贯;结体则横向舒展,于平正之中求意态,在此正好印证了他自己的说法:</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“小字贵开阔,字内间架,宜明整开阔,一如大字体段。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”运笔则工稳沉静,从容不迫,于整练之中,虚和舒徐之气浮现毫端,尤其横画起笔细若针尖麦芒,势若游丝飘忽于晴空。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通篇字形大小如一,确如蝇头,乃属其小楷作品现存传世最小者,足见其工夫之炉火纯青,让人想象其明窗净几之下神怡务闲之况。</span></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">此小楷《离骚经九歌等》册, 第一开作者钤有“停云”白文印、末开钤“征明”朱文长方印、“衡山居士”白文印。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">篇后作者跋曰:</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“余自年来多病习懒,旧业荒废。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">每见古人遗墨,便足相叹赏,几不可了。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">自念髦衰,于此道渐远,或笑八十老翁旦暮人耳,何可以自束耶?双梧以素卷书久矣,稽之箧笥,今岁检出书此。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">然比来风湿交攻,臂指拘窘,不复向时便利矣。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”类似的修辞方式,在故宫博物院藏《赤壁赋》页后的跋语上我们也可以读到,乃是文征明应酬友人时一种常见的自谦套语。</span></p> 原作 李华硬笔临作 <div>邹李华</div><div><br></div><div>江西省赣州市于都县人</div><div><br></div><div>赣州市铁路小学教师</div><div><br></div><div>江西省书法家协会会员</div><div><br></div><div>赣州市书法家协会会员</div>