唐卡----一笔千年不毁

藏地工匠

<span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">齐岗画派(北京唐嘎艺术博物院馆藏</font></span> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(96, 178, 154); text-transform: none; text-indent: 28px; letter-spacing: 1.8px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgba(96, 178, 154, 0.047058); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00">  “即使你的记忆褪色了,它也不会褪色“有人这样描述唐卡。</font></span><font color="#ff8a00"><span style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.8px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgba(96, 178, 154, 0.047058); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'>唐卡:也叫唐嘎,唐喀,系藏文音译,指用彩缎装裱后悬挂供奉的宗教卷轴画。唐卡是藏族文化中一种独具特色的绘画艺术形式,题材内容涉及藏族的历史、政治、文化和社会生活等诸多领域,传世唐卡大都是藏传佛教和本教作品。</span><span style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(96, 178, 154); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 1.8px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgba(96, 178, 154, 0.047058); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">下面我们了解一下唐卡的主要流派。 </font></span></font> <span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">一.齐岗画派</font></span> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'>  <font color="#ff8a00">大约在13-14世纪,西藏有一位天才画家叫朱古·齐吾,他冰雪聪明,心思奇巧,大胆地突破了尼泊尔绘画的桎梏,找到自己的视觉方式,在尼泊尔画风的基础上, “把主尊放大,把陪衬人物缩小,背景留出一定的空间,用图案来填补。” 朱古·齐吾的风格影响了后藏地区,从此形成了“齐岗画派”。齐岗画派的色彩以红色和蓝色为主,人物线条自然流畅,装饰图案缜密精致,服装纹饰变化多样,忿怒神像身材矮小等等。</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">二.勉唐派</font> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">西藏山南有一位画家叫勉拉·顿珠嘉措,他自幼聪慧过人。因为有一段不幸的婚姻而离家出走,流浪四方,在路上得到菩萨的启示开始学画,并师从多巴·扎西杰布学习绘制唐卡,不久便拥有了高超的画技。据说勉拉·顿珠嘉措的前世本来是 一位汉地的艺术家,有一次机缘巧合,勉拉见到了自己前世的作品,前世的记忆一下子被唤醒,于是他继承了前世的艺术禀赋,创造了一种汉藏结合的独特画风,从而创立了“勉唐画派。”</font><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">勉唐画派将唐卡画面背景置换成汉地青山绿水,把画面上部的佛菩萨造像缩小,把前景造像放大,这样调整了之后使得造像有了前后纵深,与山水空间和谐统一,画面色彩也从红蓝变成了青绿。勉唐画派的佛菩萨的身体比例开始变短变胖,五官偏汉人长相,服装也开始汉化了。</font></p> <span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">勉唐画派</font></span> <section style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 0px 10px; height: 1.6em; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.7em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><font color="#ff8a00">三.齐岗画派</font></p></section><section style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 0px; text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; vertical-align: middle; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; border-left-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-top-width: 0.8em !important; border-bottom-width: 0.8em !important; border-left-width: 0.8em; border-top-style: solid !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-left-style: solid; display: inline-block; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></section> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">  钦则画派是尼泊尔风格基础上的西藏化,此画派的创始人是勉拉·顿珠嘉措的师弟贡嘎岗堆·钦则钦莫。钦则画派构图上主尊像较大,周围众小像排列有序,风景服饰上偏汉化。人物身体造型修长,手足柔美,姿态动感。钦则画派擅长绘制忿怒相,着重刻画金刚护法脸部的眼布血丝、龇牙咧嘴,画面张力十足,有十分凌厉的美感。钦则派还擅长绘制坛城,纹样繁密华丽,精致绝伦,令人叹为观止。</font></span> <span style='text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">钦则画派</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">四.噶玛噶孜画派</font> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00">  公元1408年,噶玛巴·德银协巴应大明永乐皇帝邀请,前去南京弘法,明成祖朱棣命宫廷画师将此次隆重法会绘制成了《噶玛巴为明太祖荐福图》,之后又把这图做成了织锦画赐予楚布寺。到了16世纪,南喀扎西看到了这幅织锦画《噶玛巴为明太祖荐福图》,对汉地绘画的构图、背景、用色十分仰慕,于是就开始认真学习研究汉地绘画艺术,把汉地绘画融合到自己的创作中,形成了新的绘画风格,创立了“嘎玛嘎孜画派”。嘎玛嘎孜画派有自己的一套颜料制作与使用的特殊技法。此画派最显著的特点是施色浓重,对比强烈,画面富丽堂皇。</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">五.尼泊尔画派</font> <span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'>  <font color="#ff8a00">当年尼泊尔尺尊公主嫁给了松赞干布,有一批尼泊尔画师随同公主进藏,从此尼泊尔绘画艺术和西藏本地艺术融合,形成了“尼泊尔画派”。尼泊尔画派以暖色调为主,画面中央的主尊非常突出,护法诸尊被安排在四周整齐的小方格内,造像较为简单,身段僵硬,着衣少而单薄,饰物沉重感强。</font></span> <font color="#ff8a00">六.新勉唐派</font> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">17世纪有一位唐卡画师名叫藏巴·曲英嘉措,他在继承勉唐画派的基础上,又吸收汉地绘画的一些特色,开创了“新勉唐画派”。</font><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00"> 新勉唐画派造象度量严格,色彩明快,底层色厚涂,粗壮饱满的四肢和脸形,“兰叶描”勾勒衣饰线条,汉族化的民间图案,装饰性的山、石、树、云。汉族化的青绿山水、渲染技法中层次丰富细腻、善用灰色表现皮肤。人物毛发有虚实变化,形象边线的节奏十分丰富。</font></p> <font color="#ff8a00">七.其他画派</font> <span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'> <font color="#ff8a00">  唐卡画派还有很多,比如:新勉唐画派在康巴地区发展出的“康勉萨画风”,炉霍出现的“郎卡杰画风”,昌都地区的“象雄东朵画风”,青海的“热贡唐卡画风”,十六世纪由画家萨托罗松创立的门萨画派等等。</font></span> <span style='text-align: left; color: rgb(75, 75, 75); text-transform: none; text-indent: 30px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><font color="#ff8a00">  在一千多年的时光里,唐卡不断的发展变化,在不同地域嬗变出许多地方风格,这些地方风格是不同画派和画风之间的融合和创造,铸造出西藏唐卡艺术特有之风华。</font></span> <p class="ql-block">免责声明:部分文字及图片来源于网络,仅供学习、交流使用,不具有任何商业用途,版权归原作者所有,如有问题请及时联系我们,我们将在24小时内以作处理。本声明未涉及的问题参见国家有关法律法规,当本声明与国家法律法规冲突时,以国家法律法规为准。</p>