【Winter FT：what do animals do in winter？】

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听 理解性阅读 wonder skills basic2网课15节，这周为了试合适的老师，下周要减量 指读：海尼曼中 复述及问答 s2 the dentist s2 school bus trip s2 grandpa’s little train s2 rebecca rabbit s2 baby piggy handcraft：make bird feeder bird feeder相关分级读物 冬天主题视频 FT：winter Weather in winter froze.I’m frozen to die. 我都快被冻死了。rawLike a raw wind that gets to the bone.就像一阵阴冷的风侵袭入骨。bleakthe raw, bitter, bleak Beijing winter北京阴冷凄苦的寒冬。clammyI sweat a lot because of the bad cold, which makes my head feels clammy to the touch. 我由于重感冒而大量出汗，使得额头摸上去感觉湿冷。dankLife in the cold, dank, dark interiors of a coal mine is a big challenge for the workers. 在阴冷，潮湿，黑暗的地下煤矿里的生活，对矿工而言是个巨大的挑战。Raw, bleak, clammy和dank都有阴冷的意思，但是相对而言，bleak侧重于“荒凉的”，clammy侧重点在“湿漉漉的”，而dank侧重点是“阴冷潮湿的”，你可以根据不同语境，选择最合适的表达方式。Brass monkeys weatherIt's brass monkeys out there tonight! You’d better wrap up warm.今天真是冷的要命，你最好多穿点。这个是种英式口语说法，译为铜猴子天气，形容冷的铜猴子雕像的尾巴都冻掉了。Bitterly/freezing coldIt’s a bitterly cold and dry morning,but the sky looks beautiful.这是个寒冷又干燥的早晨，但是天空看起来很美。这个形容刺骨的寒冷，让人感觉倒痛苦，冷到人僵直、东西凝固。Frosty这个词是“寒冷的”，尤其形容冷到结霜的天气，雾气可以在寒冷物体的表面凝结成薄冰。The street was deserted,except for a cat picking its way across the frosty cobblestones.街上空无一人，只有一只猫在结霜的石砖上拾爪而行。Icy这个词是“冰冷的，结满冰的”，多指风暴、风雪和水等冷的使人感倒如刺如割。Her words were like a bucket of icy water poured down the back of my neck.她说的这些话，就像猛地把一桶冰冷的水顺着我的脖子倒。Cool这个词描述天气时意思为“凉爽的，凉快的”，形容人不冷也不热。The cool autumn wind helps clear my mind.凉爽的秋风使我的头清醒过来。Nippy这个词时种口语说法，译为“（天气）有点冷的”。而词根nip则有“夹、捏、剪断”的意思，这里用来形容冷风有些扎人的感觉。You best wear a scarf.It’s a bit nippy out there!你最好把围巾围上，外面有点冷飕飕的。Chilly这个词除了口语用来形容“天气或房间寒冷”，还口语指人“怕冷的”，且令人非常不快。Shall we close the ?The room is getting chilly.我们口语关上窗户吗？屋子变得有些冷了。这几个词都表示冷，但是表示冷的程度不一样，cool的意思是”凉爽的“，是指一种不冷也不热的气温，比较适用于形容秋高气爽的天气，nippy的意思是”天气或空气较冷的“，比喻寒风刺骨的感觉，多用于口语。chilly和frosty的意思分别是”寒冷的，严寒的”，多指天寒地冻，可以用于形容冬季的寒冷，freezing的意思是”冰冻的”，侧重于说由于寒冷而结冰这种状态。 People in winter 抗寒的服饰▂冬天这么冷，面对这样的天气，我们可以做些什么呢？How do we deal with the cold? 我们该如何战胜寒冷呢？不管是一条裤子过冬，还是秋风刚起，秋裤就已上身战胜寒冷的第一步，还是多穿一点。1. Long underwear 衬裤，秋裤最常见的秋裤表达就是long underwear英文解释：underwear with long legs, worn under your outer clothes to keep you warm.under wear的同义词还有，Underclothes, underclothing2. long johns 长内衣裤图片与long underwear同义还有long johns，是比较老的说法，现在已经不怎么用了。虽然穿秋裤和时尚永远是死敌，但最早的秋裤，尽然还有这样一段传奇的历史：秋裤的历史据说19世纪，波士顿一个叫约翰·L·沙利文（John L. Sullivan）的大块头拳击手自夸说可以随时打败任何人。他每次上场都只穿一条秋裤（或者叫连衫裤），后来人们纷纷效仿，穿秋裤来彰显自己的时尚品味。图片3. thermal underwear [ˈθɜrml ˈʌndərwer] 保暖内衣Put on some thermal underwear and you'll warm up quickly.穿上秋衣，立刻就暖和了。图片4. down coat 羽绒服图片It was snowing, so everyone wore thick down coats.下雪了，大家都穿上了厚厚的羽绒服。5. down jacket 短款羽绒，鸭绒衣图片There are air - conditioned indoor heating, and a down jacket off it.室内有暖气空调的, 把羽绒服一脱就可以了。6. sweater 毛衣图片She wore a white sweater.她穿着白色的毛衣。7. Shawl 披肩图片She had a shawl draped around her shoulders.她肩上披着一条围巾。8. Turtleneck 高领毛衣图片He is wearing a turtleneck sweater and a jacket.他穿着一件高翻领套衫和一件外套.9. fur coat 皮草大衣图片She wore a beautiful fur coat today.她今天穿了一件皮草大衣，特别好看。10. woolen coat 呢子大衣图片This woolen coat is very slim.这件呢子大衣很修身。11. leggings 打底裤图片Wearing leggings with a skirt is fashionable and will keep yourwarm.长裙里穿条打底裤，保暖又时尚。I wore grey leggings today.我今天穿了灰色打底裤。12. boots 靴子，长统靴 Animals in winter When it’s cold, we often wear coats, hats, gloves and boots to stay warm. Eating hot soup or drinking hot water also warms us up. Heaters or fireplaces can provide warmth for us too. However, animals don't have these options. What can the animals do to survive in the extremely cold and tough winters? heater fireplace Migrate 迁徙 Some birds fly south for the winter. We call this migration. This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer, or they can find food. Due to the dangerous trip, some birds travel in large flocks. For example, geese fly in noisy, "V"-shaped groups. Other kinds of birds fly alone. Don’t think only the birds migrate. Other animals migrate, too.There are a few mammals, like some bats, caribou (北美驯鹿), elk (麋鹿) and whales etc. They travel in search of food each winter. bat caribou elk whales Many fish migrate. They may swim south, or move into deeper, warmer water. Some insects also migrate. Certain butterflies and moths fly very long distances. For example, Monarch butterflies (帝王蝶或黑脉金斑蝶) spend the summer in Canada and the Northern U.S. They migrate as far south as Mexico for the winter. Most migrating insects go much shorter distances. Many, like termites (白蚁) and Japanese beetles (日本甲虫), move downward into the soil. moth Monarch butterflies Japanese beetles termites Earthworms also move down, some as far as six feet below the surface. earthworm Hibernation冬眠 <ul class="ql-block"><li>What's hibernation？</li></ul> That is when animals sleep through the winter,so that they conserve energy until spring comes again.They may stir a little to stretch,but they mostly stay very still for months in a deep sleep. <ul class="ql-block"><li>How can they possibly stay alive like that？</li></ul>Because their metabolism slows down a lot.metabolism【məˈtæbəlizəm】新陈代谢Their heart rate even goes from 40 bpm to about 1 beat per 10 minutes.它们的心率甚至会从每分钟40下变为大约10分钟一下 Child: What other animals hibernate?Mom: Bears, frogs, snakes, squirrels, groundhogs, and many other animals hibernate. Bears eat a lot of food right before hibernation.It's like they are storing up for the winter. They can gain up to 30 pounds in a week,and they use all that extra fat to survive the winter.Bears like to burrow in dens that they dig out. 🍀tips：都是“洞”，cave是一种地形概念，den强调是动物的家。 They move around a little more than turtles.They might stretch or take a quick walk around their den. Also, baby bears are born during the hibernation months and often don't come out until spring.Child: Wow, I don't think I could stay inside that long! groundhog hild: How about frogs?Mom: Both turtles and frogs are cold-blooded.Cold-blooded animal是ectotherm的通俗说法。They can't control their body temperatures. Like turtles, frogs hibernate at the bottom of bodies of water,and when the temperatures go below freezing,their body temperatures also go below freezing.The glucose in their bodies keeps them from actually freezing.体内的葡萄糖会防止它们真的冻僵。Glucose读作 [ˈɡlu:kəuz]。 They also don't breathe during the months they spend in hibernation!Child: Wow, I definitely couldn't hold my breath for that long!Well, turtles, bears and frogs, have a nice sleep! Plants in winter Based on the leaves, there are the two main types of trees, deciduous (落叶性植物) and evergreen (常绿性植物). Excellent. Deciduous TreesMaidenhair tree银杏树 Maple枫树 Poplar 杨树Elm榆树 Willow柳树 Locust tree槐树 Birch白桦树 Beech Tree山毛榉Oak tree 橡树 Walnut tree核桃树 Chestnut tree 栗子树 Ash 白蜡树 Honey locust 皂荚树 Plane tree法国梧桐 Evergreen TreePine trees松树 China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) 杉树Sago cycas铁树 Cypress柏树Palm trees棕榈树 In winter each year, deciduous trees lose their leaves. Before the leaves shed, they turn orange, red or brown. While evergreen trees carry their leaves throughout the year. Evergreens do shed their leaves, but only a few at a time and over a long period, so there is never a noticeable change. For most evergreen trees, the leaves don't change color. Generally, they’re always green. 相关绘本