新概念英语第1册第39~40课课文讲解

Linda Shen

<p>New words and expressions in lesson </p><p>39-40&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 第39-40课的生词和短语</p><p><br></p><p>front[frʌnt]n.前面</p><p>in front of&nbsp; 在…之前</p><p><br></p><p>careful['keəful]a.小心的</p><p>vase[va:z]n.花瓶</p><p><br></p><p>drop[drɔp]v.掉下来</p><p>flower['flauə]n.花</p><p><br></p><p>show[∫əu]v.给…看</p><p>send[send]v.送给</p><p><br></p><p>take[teik]v.带给</p><p>Penny['peni] 人名</p> <p>Lesson39 Don't drop it!</p><p>第39课 别摔了!</p><p>1. What&nbsp; are you going to do with that </p><p>vase, Penny? 萨姆: 彭妮,你打算把那个花瓶放在什么地方?</p><p><br></p><p>2. I'm going to put it on this table, Sam.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p>彭妮: 我打算把它放在这张桌子上,萨姆。</p><p><br></p><p>3. Don't do that. Give it to me.&nbsp;&nbsp; 萨姆: 不要放在那儿,把它给我。</p><p><br></p><p>4. What&nbsp; are you going to do with it?&nbsp;&nbsp; 彭妮: 你打算怎么办?</p><p><br></p><p>5. I'm going to put it here, in front of the </p><p>. 萨姆: 我准备把它摆在这儿,放在窗前。</p><p><br></p><p>6. Be careful. Don't drop it!</p><p>彭妮: 小心点,别摔了!</p><p><br></p><p>7. Don't put it there, Sam. Put it here, on</p><p> this shelf. 彭妮: 别放在那儿,萨姆。放在这儿,这个架子上。</p><p><br></p><p>8. There we are!&nbsp; It's a lovely vase.&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p>萨姆: 花瓶放好啦! 好漂亮的花瓶! </p><p><br></p><p>9. Those flowers are lovely, too.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p>彭妮: 这些花也很漂亮啊!&nbsp;</p> <p class="ql-block">Text analysis in lesson 39</p><p class="ql-block">第39课的课文分析</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">在本篇课文中,我们将继续学习be going to句型,同时,本篇课文还要学习另一个主题: 祈使句。</p><p class="ql-block">在第29课中,我们已经学习了一部分祈使句,我们知道,英语中经常使用祈使语来表示命令、建议、告诫等意图;我们也知道,祈使句的特点是:</p><p class="ql-block">A. 没有主语</p><p class="ql-block">B. 动词开头</p><p class="ql-block">29课中我们学到的祈使句有:</p><p class="ql-block">Come in.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 进来。</p><p class="ql-block">Shut the door.&nbsp;&nbsp; 关上门。</p><p class="ql-block">Open the .&nbsp;&nbsp; 开窗。</p><p class="ql-block">Air the room.&nbsp;&nbsp; 给房间通风。 </p><p class="ql-block">等等。</p><p class="ql-block">第39课我们将进一步深入学习祈使句。</p><p class="ql-block">在本课中出现了以下句子:</p><p class="ql-block">Give it to me.&nbsp;&nbsp; 把它给我。</p><p class="ql-block">Be careful.&nbsp;&nbsp; 小心!</p><p class="ql-block">Put it here.&nbsp;&nbsp; 放在这里。</p><p class="ql-block">以上这些句子,也都是祈使句。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">一. 请看课文第1句:</p><p class="ql-block">What&nbsp; are you going to do with that vase, </p><p class="ql-block">Penny?&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block">👉 with[wið]prep. 这个介词具有多种意思, 我们可以把 do with看成一个短语。</p><p class="ql-block">从字面上来解释,do with 的意思是“处理”,从句子的下文来看,我们可以把这个句子译成: 你打算把那个花瓶放在什么地方?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">二. 请看课文第3句:</p><p class="ql-block">Don't do that. Give it to me.&nbsp;&nbsp; 萨姆: 不要放在那儿,把它给我。</p><p class="ql-block">👉 Don't do that. 是祈使句的否定形式,详细叙述请看本课的语法讲解。</p><p class="ql-block">👉现在我们来分析句子:</p><p class="ql-block">Give it to me.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-block">还原以上句子,我们可以得到:</p><p class="ql-block">{1} You&nbsp;give&nbsp;the&nbsp;vase to&nbsp;me.</p><p class="ql-block">&lt;注:&gt; you是实际上的,被省略了的主语。</p><p class="ql-block">👉在以上句子中,you 是主语,give是谓语,vase和me都是宾语。一&gt;这是一个双宾语结构的句子。</p><p class="ql-block">👉在双宾语结构的句子中, “双宾”通常是一个人和一个物,即“某人和某物”。显然在以上句子中,其中的“某人和某物”就是“me和vase”。</p><p class="ql-block">👉 You&nbsp;give&nbsp;the&nbsp;vase to&nbsp; me. 这句话还可以这样说:</p><p class="ql-block">{2}You give me the vase.</p><p class="ql-block">👉 以上{1}和{2}表达的意思是完全一样的。</p><p class="ql-block">👉 OK, 在日常生活中我们如何来表达把“某物给某人”呢?</p><p class="ql-block">在此我插入2个新单词: </p><p class="ql-block">somebody['sʌmbədi] 某人</p><p class="ql-block">something['sʌmθiŋ] 某物</p><p class="ql-block">👉 请记住以下两句话:</p><p class="ql-block">{3} Give something to somebody.&nbsp;&nbsp; 把某物给某人。</p><p class="ql-block">{4} Give somebody something.</p><p class="ql-block">给某人某个物件。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">接下来我们做几个小练习:</p><p class="ql-block">{5} I give a new book to him.</p><p class="ql-block">I give him a new book.</p><p class="ql-block">我给了他一本新书。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">{6} I give some fruits to my kids.</p><p class="ql-block">I give my kids some fruits.</p><p class="ql-block">我给了我的孩子们一些水果。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">{7} Give that&nbsp;spoon to her.</p><p class="ql-block">Give her that spoon.</p><p class="ql-block">给她那把勺子。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">{8} Give some glasses to them.</p><p class="ql-block">Give them some glasses.</p><p class="ql-block">给他们一些玻璃杯。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">三. 请看课文第5句</p><p class="ql-block">I'm going to put it here, in front of the </p><p class="ql-block">. 萨姆: 我准备把它摆在这儿,放在窗前。</p><p class="ql-block">👉 请关注介词短语:</p><p class="ql-block">in front of&nbsp; 在…前面</p><p class="ql-block">请看例句:</p><p class="ql-block">{9} Someone in front of me is shouting.&nbsp;&nbsp; 我前面有人在大喊大叫。</p><p class="ql-block">{10} Do not swear in front of the children.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 不要在孩子面前骂人。</p><p class="ql-block">&lt;注:&gt; </p><p class="ql-block">shout[∫aut]v. 喊叫</p><p class="ql-block">swear[sweə]v. 咒骂</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">👉请关注另一个介词短语:</p><p class="ql-block">in the front of&nbsp; 在…前部</p><p class="ql-block">请看例句:</p><p class="ql-block">{11} I like to sit in the front of the bus.&nbsp;&nbsp; 我喜欢坐在公共汽车的前部位置。</p><p class="ql-block">{12} The teacher's desk is in the front of </p><p class="ql-block">the classroom.</p><p class="ql-block">老师的讲台在教室的前部。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&lt;总结:&gt;</p><p class="ql-block">* in front of</p><p class="ql-block">两个相对独立的个体,一个在另一个的前面。</p><p class="ql-block">* In the front of</p><p class="ql-block">指某个物体在一个空间内部的前端。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">四. 请看课文第8句</p><p class="ql-block">There we are!&nbsp; It's a lovely vase.&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block">萨姆: 花瓶放好啦! 好漂亮的花瓶! </p><p class="ql-block">&lt;句子分析:&gt; </p><p class="ql-block">There we are!&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block">👉 实际上这个句子的顺序是这样的:&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block">We are there.</p><p class="ql-block">👉 西方人喜欢把 there 或here放在句首,</p><p class="ql-block">比如:</p><p class="ql-block">Here you are.(把东西给对方时的用语: 给你。)</p><p class="ql-block">Here they are. (在第15课我们学过这个句子,在课文中它的意思是: 在这儿呢。)</p><p class="ql-block">那么,There we are!&nbsp; 应该如何翻译呢?</p><p class="ql-block">我认为,恰当的翻译应该视上下文而定,在本文中,这句话反映了话者萨姆满意而愉悦的心情,它的意思就是:“好啦!&nbsp; 花瓶放妥啦!”。</p> <p class="ql-block">第39课的语法讲解</p><p class="ql-block">本课语法探讨的主题是:</p><p class="ql-block">怎样说 “不”?</p><p class="ql-block">早在第3课时,我们就已经学习了说 “不”的第一种方式。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">一. 说 “不”的第1种方式</p><p class="ql-block">be动词+not 即:</p><p class="ql-block">is not/ am not / are not</p><p class="ql-block">比如:</p><p class="ql-block">(A) This is not my umbrella.</p><p class="ql-block">这不是我的伞。</p><p class="ql-block">(B) You are not busy.&nbsp; 你不忙。</p><p class="ql-block">(C) I am not in that group.</p><p class="ql-block">我不在那个组。 </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">二. 说 “不”的第2种方式</p><p class="ql-block">英语中是如何用否定形式的祈使语来表示命令、建议、告诫等意图的呢? </p><p class="ql-block">👉 祈使句的否定形式由</p><p class="ql-block">don't (do not)+ 动词原形构成,比如课文中的: </p><p class="ql-block">Don't drop it!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't do that!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't put it there! </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">请看更多的例句:</p><p class="ql-block">Do it! &nbsp;&nbsp; 做吧!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't do it!&nbsp;&nbsp; 别做了!</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Come in!&nbsp;&nbsp; 进来吧!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't come in!&nbsp;&nbsp; 别进来!</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Don't work!&nbsp;&nbsp; 别工作了!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't swim!&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 别游泳了!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't drive!&nbsp;&nbsp; 别开车了!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't eat it!&nbsp;&nbsp; 别吃了!</p><p class="ql-block">Don't cook!&nbsp;&nbsp; 别做饭了!</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&lt;总结:&gt;</p><p class="ql-block">说 “不”的第2种方式是: </p><p class="ql-block">don't (do not) + 实义动词原形。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">三. 说 “不”的第3种方式</p> <p class="ql-block">请看以上两幅图标:</p><p class="ql-block">我们可以看到,“不要吸烟”可以用两种不同的方式来表达:</p><p class="ql-block">(A) Don't (Do not) smoke !</p><p class="ql-block">(B) No smoking !</p><p class="ql-block">👉 (A)是我们刚学到的说 “不”的第2种方式,它的构成是: Don't (Do not) + v.</p><p class="ql-block">接下来让我们来关注一下(B):</p><p class="ql-block">smoking 一&gt;它的构成是: </p><p class="ql-block">smoke + ing.</p><p class="ql-block">👉 我们已经学习,并知道</p><p class="ql-block">动词 v. + ing 是动词的现在分词。但是请同学们注意, 这只是其一;</p><p class="ql-block">👉 当一个动词v. + ing时,它可以由动词v.变成名词n. 这就是其二。</p><p class="ql-block">我们把带着词尾ing的动词称为"动名词"。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&lt;总结:&gt;</p><p class="ql-block">说 “不”的第3种方式是:&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block">No + 名词 n. </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">大家是否发现,本课语法学习的三种说“不”的方式和我们的生活息息相关啊?!</p><p class="ql-block">以下是我们经常见到的一些带有警示语的图标:</p> <p class="ql-block">~生活中常见的各种警示语~</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">相关单词:</p><p class="ql-block">litter['litə]n. 垃圾,废弃物</p><p class="ql-block">rubbish['rʌbi∫]n. 垃圾</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">enter['entə]v. 进入</p><p class="ql-block">entry['entri]n. 进入</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">smoke[sməuk]v. 抽(烟)</p><p class="ql-block">drink[driŋk]v. 喝</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">public['pʌblik]a. 公共的</p><p class="ql-block">access['ækses]n. 通道</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">free[fri:]a. 无…的</p><p class="ql-block">area['eəriə]n. 区域</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">1.&nbsp; Please don't litter.&nbsp;&nbsp; 请勿乱丢垃圾。</p><p class="ql-block">2.&nbsp; No rubbish.&nbsp;&nbsp; 禁止乱丢垃圾。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">3.&nbsp; No right turn.&nbsp; 禁止右转。</p><p class="ql-block">4. No left turn.&nbsp; 禁止左转。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">5.&nbsp; Do not enter.&nbsp; 不要进入。</p><p class="ql-block">6.&nbsp; No entry.&nbsp;&nbsp; 不准进入。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">7.&nbsp; Please do not smoke. 请勿吸烟。</p><p class="ql-block">8. No smoking.&nbsp;&nbsp; 禁止吸烟。</p><p class="ql-block">( smoke free area 无烟区)</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">9.&nbsp;&nbsp; No parking.&nbsp; 禁止停车。</p><p class="ql-block">10.&nbsp; No U turn.&nbsp;&nbsp; 禁止掉头。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">11.&nbsp; Do not drink.&nbsp; 勿饮(水)。</p><p class="ql-block">12. No public access. 禁止公众进入。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">Exercises in lesson 40</p><p class="ql-block">第40课的练习题</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">英语里可以接双宾语的动词很有限,到目前为止,我们可以看到的可以接双宾语的动词除了give,还有:</p><p class="ql-block">show[∫əu]v. 给…看</p><p class="ql-block">send[send]v. 送给</p><p class="ql-block">take[teik]v. 带给</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">在39课的课文分析中,我们学到了两句话:</p><p class="ql-block">* Give something to somebody.&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block">把某物给某人。</p><p class="ql-block">* Give somebody something.</p><p class="ql-block">给某人某个物件。</p><p class="ql-block">👆👉 如果分别用</p><p class="ql-block">show&nbsp; send&nbsp; take&nbsp;来代替give, 以上两句话同样适用。 </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">&lt;复习/提醒:&gt;</p><p class="ql-block">dad[dæd]n. 爸爸</p><p class="ql-block">grandma['grænma:]n. 奶奶</p><p class="ql-block">grandpa['grænpa:]n. 爷爷</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">1. What are you going to do with that </p><p class="ql-block">dress?&nbsp;&nbsp; 你打算怎么处理那条连衣裙?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to give my daughter that </p><p class="ql-block">dress. 我打算给我女儿那条连衣裙。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to give it to my daughter.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block">我打算把它给我的女儿。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">2. What are you going to do with that </p><p class="ql-block">vase?&nbsp;&nbsp; 你打算怎么处理那个花瓶? </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to take my grandma that </p><p class="ql-block">vase. 我打算给我奶奶那个花瓶。 </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to take it to my grandma.</p><p class="ql-block">我打算把它给我的奶奶。 </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">3. What are you going to do with that </p><p class="ql-block">newspaper? 你打算怎么处理那份报纸?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to show my dad that </p><p class="ql-block">newspaper. 我打算给我爸爸看那份报纸。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to show it to my dad.</p><p class="ql-block">我打算把它给我的爸爸看。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">4. What are you going to do with these </p><p class="ql-block">ice creams? 你打算怎么处理这些冰淇淋?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to give the children these </p><p class="ql-block">ice creams. 我打算给孩子们这些冰淇淋。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to give them to the children.</p><p class="ql-block">我打算把它们给孩子们。&nbsp; </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">5. What are you going to do with this </p><p class="ql-block">letter?&nbsp;&nbsp; 你打算怎么处理这封信?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to send my grandpa this </p><p class="ql-block">letter. 我打算寄给我爷爷这封信。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to send it to my grandpa.</p><p class="ql-block">我打算把它寄给我的爷爷。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">6. What are you going to do with these </p><p class="ql-block">books?&nbsp; 你打算怎么处理这些书?</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to send my sister these </p><p class="ql-block">books. 我打算送给我的妹妹这些书。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">🙋 I'm going to send them to my sister.</p><p class="ql-block">我打算把它们送给我的妹妹。&nbsp;</p>

打算

课文

句子

动词

祈使句

花瓶

第课

我们

某人

第种