北宋政治家思想家改革家文学家王安石最美诗词英译集锦

日月同辉

序言

王安石(1021年12月18日一1086年5月21日)，字介甫，号半山，谥文，封荆国公。世人又称王荆公。汉族，抚州临川人(今江西省抚州市临川区邓家巷人)。中国北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家，唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石:″翰林风月三首，吏部文章二百年。先去自怜心尚在，后来谁与子争先。″传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。

神宗朝两度任相，实行变法，封舒国公，改封荆国公。他是中国十一世纪的改革家。他积极改革旧制，推行新法，以图缓和当时的阶级矛盾，新法实施，受到以司马光为首的守旧派的反对，他被迫离职返回江宁(今南京)，以后，新法废除，他忧愤而死。

王安石诗文各体兼擅，其诗文颇有揭露时弊，反映社会矛盾之作，体现了他的政治主张和抱负。散文雄健峭拔，诗歌遒劲清新。王安石具有远大的政治抱负，因一生仕途不平，其诗作有不少是歌颂那些具有倔强性格的事物的。他爱不怕霜欺雪压的梅花，不喜欢经不起风雨的桃李；爱磊落的苍松，堂堂直节的劲竹，不喜欢那瑟缩在寒风里的秋瓜和冻芋。

如在《梅花》这首诗中，他运用比兴手法，借颂梅花，暗喻了自己不畏强暴的性格。首句″墙角数枝″，二句"凌寒独开″，借喻梅花，写出自己的孤独无助，三句转写，四句结到″为有暗香来″。一个″暗″字，用得多么精巧，短短四句，情真意切，感人肺腑。在《登飞来峰》中，在写景中蕴含着很深的哲理。一、二两句用民间传说来烘托飞来峰的雄伟和高峻，是属于写景一类。而三、四句″不畏浮云遮望眼，自缘身在最高层。″是诗人才华和情操相互交织而迸发出的绚丽诗句，犹如宝石耀人眼目，点明了主题。

古人写诗很讲究练字，因为一个字用得恰当与否，往往会影响一句诗，乃至一首诗的艺术性。古人称这样的字为"诗眼″。王安石在《泊船瓜洲》这首诗中，很重视诗眼的作用。当他写这首诗时，正是船停泊在瓜洲，因他怀念金陵，又不能回到家中，才写的这首诗。″春风又绿江南岸″一句，"绿″字原本是"到″，他认为不好，改为″过″，复圈去而改为″入″，旋改为″满″，改动十多次，最后才选定了″绿″字，用一″绿″字将江南的春景，以及与春风的关系，形象地表达出来了。″绿″字色彩鲜明，唤起一片江南春色，而且唤起了人们的联想。春草绿时，引起思归之情，自然与下句″明月何时照我还″紧密呼应，而且又丰富了诗的意境，成为世人哄传的诗坛千古佳句。

王安石的诗歌，大致可以以熙宁九年(1076)他被二次罢相为界分为两个阶段，在内容与风格上有显著的区别。前期的创作主要是"不平则鸣″，注重社会现实，反映下层民众的疾苦，倾向性鲜明，风格直截刻露；晚年退出政坛后，心情渐趋平淡，大量的写景诗，咏物诗取代了前期政治诗的位置。后期创作″务而后工″，致力于追求诗歌艺术，重炼意和修辞，下字工，用事切，对偶精，含蓄深沉，深婉不迫，以丰神远韵的风格在当时的诗坛上自成一家，世称″王荊公体″，″诗如空中之音，相中之色，欲有寻绎，不可得矣。″南宋敖陶孙称其诗″如邓艾缒兵入蜀，要以险绝为功。″

王安石的词今存有二十余首，大致可分为抒情言志和阐释佛理两类。″瘦削雅素，一洗五代旧习″，其抒情词作，写物咏怀，多选空阔苍茫，淡远纯朴的形象，营造出一个士大夫文人特有的情致世界。如他的《桂香枝.金陵怀古》一词，豪纵沉郁，同范仲淹《渔家傲、塞下秋来风景异》一词，共开豪放词之先声，给后来的词坛以良好的影响。

译者这次英译王安石诗词十余首，旨在深入解读这位唐宋八大家之一，中国文学史上杰出的文学家的艺术特色，传播其诗词作品的艺术成就。本美篇釆用汉英对照，图文并茂，并配有背景音乐，以飨微友读者。由于时间仓促，制作美篇刚起步，难免有许多不足之处，恳请微友读者不吝赐教。

译者 樊怀宇(日月同辉)

2020年11月19日

梅花

王安石

墙角数枝梅，凌寒独自开。①

遥知不是雪，为有暗香来。②

注释①:凌寒:迎着严寒。②为:因为。

Plum Flowers

Wang Anshi

In the corner of the orchard wall a few

plum trees grow;

Braving severely freeze they bloom

proudly by themselves.

Viewing them from a distance, I know

they are not snow.

For some faint fragrance of flowers

wafts to me in the breeze.

泊船瓜州

王安石

京口瓜州一水间，①钟山只隔数重山②。

春风又绿江南岸，③明月何时照我还。

注释: ①瓜州:又名瓜洲，在今长江北岸，扬州市南，与镇江市相对。京口:在今长江南岸，即今镇江市。②钟山:即今南京紫金山。③绿:这里作动词用，即吹绿。

My Sailboat Moored at the Ferry of

Guazhou

Wang Anshi

The city of Jingkou is separated from

Guazhou by only waters.

My hometown Zhongshan is severed

by

only a few mountains.

The spring wind has greened the

southern

shore again.

When will the bright moon shine on

my

way to return?

北山①

王安石

北山输绿涨横陂，②直堑回塘滟滟时。③

细数落花因坐久，缓寻芳草得归迟。

注释:①北山:即钟山，又称紫金山，位于今南京市中山门外。作者变法失败后，辞职退居江宁(今南京)。春天，作者到北山游玩，为雨后落花飘飘点点的美景所陶醉而流连忘返，写下了这首诗。

②输绿:指北山把它的翠绿的泉水输送到山塘。陂:池塘。

③直堑:直的堑沟。回塘:曲的塘岸。滟滟:形容水色波光摇晃动荡之貌。

The Northern Mountains

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

The Northern Mountains transfer the

green springlet waters onto the bank

of the Horizontal Pond.

The green waves of waters in the

streams

and pond sway gently in the wind.

I sit beside the pond for a long time

only

for counting the fallen flowers

carefully.

I have returned home later to look for

fragrance of flowers and grass slowly.

渔家傲①

王安石

平岸小桥千嶂抱，柔蓝一水萦花草。②

茅屋数间窗窈窕。③尘不到，时时自有春风扫。午枕觉来闻语鸟，欹眠似听朝鸡早。④忽忆故人今总老。贪梦好，茫然忘了邯郸道。⑤

注释:①渔家傲:词牌名。《词谱》卷十四云:″此调始自晏殊，因词有‘神仙一曲渔家傲′句取以为名。②柔蓝:柔和的蓝色，多形容水。萦:萦绕。《广韵》:萦，绕也。③窈窕:幽深的样子。④欹眠:斜着身子睡觉。⑤邯郸道:比喻求取功名之道路，亦指仕途。

Tune: Pride of Fishermen

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

A small bridge crossing one shore to

another, is surrounded by fluctuating

ridges and peaks;

In front of the door, a soft blue stream

flows through green grass and

flourishing flowers.

Among deep and serene bamboo

forest, stand a few thatched houses

with casements

There no dust comes.

The place is always swept by vernal

breeze.

Awaking from the nap at noon, I

often hear birds twitter;

Lying in my side I seem to hear the

cock crows so soon, I wonder.

Thinking of my old friends who

have all grown old suddenly.

Now I'm indulging in a dream of

life, carefree and leisurely.

I've forgotten the way to fame

and fortune already.

浣溪沙

王安石

百亩中庭半是苔，门前白道水萦回。

爱闲能有几人来？小院回廊春寂寂，

山桃溪杏两三载。为谁零落为谁开？

Tune: Silk-Washing Stream

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

Half of my a-hundred-acre courtyard

is overgrown with green moss;

Before my gate, a winding clean path by

riverside lies.

How many visitors can come here

who's

fond of leisure and free hours?

The zigzag corridors in my courtyard

is

very still in spring;

Near the hill and stream two or three

peach and apricot trees are growing.

For whom are they blooming and

then

fading?

北陂杏花

王安石

一陂春水绕花身，花影妖娆各占春。①

纵被春风吹作雪，②绝胜南陌碾成尘。③

注释:①占春:占领春光，指包含浓郁春意。

②纵:即使。吹作雪:喻落花像雪花一样随风飘散。③绝胜:远远胜过。陌:道路。

Northern Poolside Apricot Blossoms

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

A pool of spring water surrounds

apricot

trees in blooming,

Whose flowers and shadows enchant the

whole spring.

Even if the flowers were blown off like

sknowflakes by the vernal wind,

they are better than the petals

crushed

to dust on the southern road.

登飞来烽

王安石

飞来山上千寻塔，①闻说鸡鸣见日升。

不畏浮云遮望眼，只缘身在最高层。②

注释:①飞来山:即飞来峰。在今杭州市西湖西北灵隐寺前。寻:古时候的一种长度单位，一寻等于八尺。②缘:因为。

Climbing the Flitted Peak

Wang Anshi

Tranlated by Fan Huaiyu

On the flitted peak a sky-scraping

pagoda

tower stands.

It is heard that sunrise can be seen on it

when the cock crows.

Defy the sun may be blocked from the

view by the floating clouds.

For you have placed yourself at the

highrise.

春夜①

王安石

金炉香烬漏声残，②剪剪轻风阵阵寒 。③

春色恼人眠不得，月移花影上栏杆。

注释:①春夜:这首诗是诗人春夜不眠时有感而发之作。描述了诗人在政治改革失败后的″恼人″心情及寂寞无奈的心境。

②金炉香烬:金炉里的香已燃成灰烬。漏:更漏，或称水漏。它是古代的计时器。漏声残:更漏里的水滴声时断时续的。

③剪剪:形容风轻微而带有寒意。如:″恻恻轻寒剪剪风，小梅飘雪杏花红。″(韩偓诗《夜深》)

A Spring Night

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

The incenses in the gold censer end

burning,

The pitter-patter of waterclock is

waning.

I am feeling chilly with a gust of soft

breeze of spring.

I am driven too upset to fall into

asleep

by the annoying scene of spring.

The shadows of the flowers are

reflected

on the jade rails with moonlight

moving.

元日①

王安石

爆竹声中一岁除，②春风送暖入屠苏。③

千门万户曈曈日，④总把新桃换旧符。⑤

注释:①元日:即正月初一。②除:过去。

③屠苏:用屠苏草泡浸的酒。④曈曈:形容太阳初升，把大地照亮时的情景。⑤桃符:

古时习俗，元旦用桃木板写神荼、郁垒二神名，悬挂门旁，以为能压邪。后以为春联的别名。

New Year's Day

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

At the sound of firecracker an old year

has passed by.

And the vernal breeze warms the

spring

festival wine.

The rising sun brightens innumerable

households.

The new spring festival couplets

always

replace the old ones.

菩萨蛮

集句

王安石

海棠乱发皆临水，君知此处花何似？

凉月白纷纷，香风隔岸闻。

啭枝黄鸟近，隔岸声相应。

随意坐莓苔，飘零酒一杯。

Tune: Buddhist Dancers

Old Verses Rearranged

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

The crabapple flowers burst open

often by waterside.

Do you know what they look like on

the riverside?

In cold moonlight while petals fall in

white.

Across the stream you can smell the

breeze fragrant.

Golden orioles are twittering on the

tree branch nearby;

Their twittering echoes across the

river low and high.

I sit on moss as I please,

with a cup of wine I stroll or float at

my ease.

南乡子

王安石

自古帝王州，

郁郁葱葱佳气浮。

四百年来成一梦，

堪愁，

晋代衣冠成古丘，

绕水恣行游，

上尽层楼更上楼。

往事悠悠君莫问，

回头，

槛外长江空自流。

Tune: A Southern Song

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

Here was the capital ruled by many

kings since ancient times.

The green and lush gloom stands for

majestic signs.

The reign of kingdoms of 400 years

has passed like dreams,

which evokes my griefs.

Laureates of Jin Dynasty buried like

their ancient peers had turned into

grave mound.

Along the river I go sightseeing

wilfully;

Climbing city walls and storey upon

storey of watch towers.

I feast my eyes on beautiful scene

heartily.

Don't ask what has passed,

Let bygones be bygones,

It's sad to look back on those old

days.

The endless river rolls in vain beyond

the rails.

桂枝香

王安石

登临送目，正故国晚秋。天气初肃。千里澄江似练，翠峰如簇。征帆去棹残阳里，背西风酒旗斜矗。彩舟云淡，星河鹭起，画图难足。念往昔繁华竞逐，叹门外楼头，悲恨相续。千古凭高对此，漫嗟荣辱。六朝旧事随流水，但寒烟衰草凝绿。至今商女，时时犹唱，《后庭》遗曲。

Tune: Fragrance of Laurol Branch

(OR: Fragrance of Baytree Twig)

To enjoy a distant sight, I climb a

height;

In the ancient capital, it's just chilly

late

autumn time, The weather gets colder

at first time. The crystal river seems to

be a white ribbon, flowing a thousand

miles. High and steep jade green

peaks

seem to be sheaf upon sheaf of

arrows.

In the declining sun sailboats on the

river come and go; In the west wind

pub

flags by both the riverbanks fly high

and

low. The painted boats appear and

disappear in a floating mist and

cloud.

Over the river egrets fly,

What a beautiful

picture before your eyes. Thinking of

former times, people competed and

pursued for luxury and opulence.

Alas,

shame of downfull of kingdoms came

one after another in the high tower

and

under the walls, in the palace halls,

Leaning on rails, in vain I utter sighs.

Over ancient kingdoms' fall and rise,

The running water of the river witnessed

the constant changes of events of six

dynasties. But I see only chilly mist

and withered grass. Even now the bar

singing girls still often sing the songs

composed by their captive king.

千秋岁引①、别馆寒砧

王安石

别馆寒砧，②孤城画角，③一派秋声入寥廓。④

东归燕从海上去，南来雁向沙头落。

楚台风，⑤庾楼月，⑥宛如昨。无奈被些名利缚！无奈被它情耽阁！⑦可惜风流总闲却！

当初漫留华表语，⑧而今误我秦楼约。⑨梦阑时，⑩酒醒后，思量着。

注释:①千秋岁引:词牌名，为千秋岁的变格。82字，前片四仄韵，后片五仄韵。②

别馆:客馆。③画角:古代军中乐器。④寥廓:空阔，此处指天空。⑤楚台风:楚襄王兰台上的风。宋玉《风赋》:″楚王游于兰台，有风飒至，王乃披襟以当之曰:＇快哉此风！＇″⑥庾楼月:庾亮南楼上的月。《世说新语》:″晋庾亮在武昌，与诸佐吏殷浩之徒乘夜月共上南楼，据胡床咏谑。″⑦他情:暗指皇上的恩情。耽阁:延误。⑧漫:徒然，白白地。华表语:出自《搜神后记》卷一。当初丁令威空留下劝人学仙的华表语。我被名利诱惑没学仙得道。⑨秦楼约:指与恋人的约会。秦楼:代指女子的居所。⑩梦阑:梦醒。阑:残，尽。

Tune: Prelude to a Thousand

Autumns

Wang Anshi

Translated by Fan Huaiyu

At the hostel the sounds of beating

clothes are often heard;

And painted horn on lonely high

tower is cold.

In boundless sky the autumn sounds

resound.

Returning swallows toward east fly

away from the seas.

On the sandy beach alight the south-

going wild geese.

There is refreshing breese which king

of Chu once experienced.

There is also bright moonlight in the

South Tower which famous poets

once enjoyed.

All these appear the same

as those in bygone years.

Why should I be indulged in the

persuit of wealth and fame?

Why should I be delayed by

uncontrollable flame?

Regrettably, I've neglected love

of beauty.

Then I failed to be neither a Taoist

priest nor an immortal.

Until now I have missed the chance

to meet my beauty.

After waking from wine and dreams,

My thoughts would flow in streams.