暑假学习——词汇整理0808

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<h1>第一部分主题词汇整理教育（乱序）</h1> Alma Mater 母校college equivalency 大学同等学力（真的不是那个“学历”哈。同等学力一般指学习经历不同，但在知识水平和学习能力方面达到同等程度的人员。大学同等学力意思是虽然没有获得大学本科学历，但通过自学或其它途径达到了相同的学力水平。）division 分校Jurist Master （JM）法律硕士Jurum Doctor （JD）法学博士non-residential college 不提供住宿的大学open universities （采用电视、广播、函授进行教学的）开放大学，不是单纯的指随便进出哈。polytechnic adj./ n. 工艺学校，工艺的study by correspondence 通过函授学习vocational school 职业学校 中国教育界热门词汇： 电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university函授学院 correspondence school成人夜校 night school for adults业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school附中 middle / high school affiliated to …在职进修班 on-job training course自学成才 to become educated through independent study奖学金 scholarship= fellowship= financial grant领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student伙食费 board expenses伙食补助 food allowance博士生 Ph.D candidate博士后 post-doctoral毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal毕业生分配 graduate placement伯乐 a good judge of talent （a name of a legendary person in the state of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period who excelled in uating horses）。注意：翻译中国典故名词时最好在后面加上注释。博导 supervisor of Ph.D. candidate / doctoral advisor成人高考/自学考试 the national higher education exams for self-taught adults充电 update one's knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大专文凭 associate degree学习成绩 academic record; school record成绩单 tran毕业论文（大学）paper; （研）thesis; （博）dissertation实习 internship= field work毕业典礼 graduation ceremony= commencement高等教育“211 工程” the“211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education文科院校 colleges of （liberal） arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering师范学院 teachers' college / normal college工科大学 polytechnic university农学院 college of agriculture医学院 medical school中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）音乐学院 music school美术学院 academy of fine arts设计学院 academy of design体育学院 institute of physical culture（注：以上一连串的词让我想到了中国大学以及其内部学院名称各样的翻译方法。这个官方已经有过详细的归纳整理。不谈大学名的翻译，光是“学院”就有college, school, institute, academy等翻译，花里胡哨。）高校扩招 the college expansion plan高中同等学力 highschool equivalency国家普通话水平考试 National Proficiency Test of Putonghua（Mandarin）副教授 associate professor客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor讲师 lecturer助教 assistant辅导员 assistant for political and ideological work教研室/组 teaching and research section/group教学法 pedagogy; teaching method教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools专业课 specialized course研究小组；讨论会 seminar教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus学习年限 period of schooling学历 record of formal schooling。注意formal两院院士（科学院&工程院） academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering启发式教学 heuristic education人才战 competition for talented people适龄儿童入学率 enrolment rate for children of school age授予某人学位 to confer a degree on / to sb. /for sth （e.g. thesis）升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade（国家）助学金（state）stipend/subsidy/ financial aid硕博联读 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching脱产进修 block release中、小学校长 headmaster/headmistress; principal大专院校校长（美）president; （英）chancellor ; vice-chancellor教务长，（系）主任 dean希望工程 Project Hope校训 school motto校友 alumnus（男）； alumna（女）pl. alumni; alumnae走读生 extern; non-resident student住宿生 boarder旁听生 auditor应届毕业生 graduating student; current year’s graduate校园数字化 campus digitalization学分 credit points学历教育 education with record of formal schooling学龄儿童 school-ager学时 credit hours优化教师队伍 optimize the teaching staff在职博士生 on-job doctorate在职研究生 on-job postgraduates招生办公室 admission office招生就业指导办公室 enrolment and placement office职业高中（职高） vocational high school三学期制 the trimester system定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers（顺便加上已经成为历史的自主招生：independent admission examinations和新起之秀强基计划：strengthening basic disciplines plans）示范试点 demonstration pilot project多学科的 multi-disciplinary重点大学 key university博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium/ seminar国家教委 State Education Commission国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau国家教育经费 national expenditure on education财政拨款 financial allocation职业文盲 functional illiterate专职教师 full-time teacher智力引进 recruit / introduce （foreign） talents智商 intelligence quotient （IQ）中等教育 secondary education主观能动性 subjective initiative助学行动 activity to assist the impoverished students准博士 all but dissertation （ABD）自费留学 go to study abroad at one's own expense自费研究生 self-supporting/ self-sponsored graduate student 中国教育现状： 1. 片面追求升学率to place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level2. 全面实施以德育为核心、以创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育to carry on the quality education centering on moral education and emphasizing creativity and practice3. 教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically.4. 教育体系必须适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向二十一世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义A socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century5. 德才兼备to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability6. 成为有理想，有道德，有文化，守纪律的劳动者to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline7. 教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来（三个面向）。Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future8. 培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently9. 启发学生独立思考的能力to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves <h1>第二部分同义词替换积累</h1> •crater（火山口）：-caldera •crazy ：-certifiable， -unsound ，-out of one’s senses e.g.: “It’s enough to drive one out of one’s senses.” •create： -fashion， -render， -give rise to， -shape， -draft， -form， -formulate， -inspire ，-manifest， -manufacture， -popularize ，-devise， -carve out， -evolve， -engender ，-conceive ，-construct， -forge •creator ：-driving force behind ，-architect， -author •credentials： -bona fides （真诚；善意；诚实信用）{French, BONE-uh FIDE-ees} •credible ：-well-founded， -well-grounded， -carefully considered •crime： -vice， -misdeed， -transgression •crime story（重案组，犯罪小说）： -police procedural •criminal behavior： -illicit， -nefarious， -felonious ，可以译作“穷凶极恶的”•cringe（畏缩；奉承；阿谀）： -wince， -blanch •crippled： -hamstrung •critical： -pejorative， -captious •critical humor（批判性幽默）： -biting， -mordant •criticism (NEGATIVE)： -aspersion， -criticisms leveled at， -has provoked criticism， -the critical reception of •criticize： -fault， -chastise， -rebuke， -be highly critical of， -deliver a harsh critique of， -come under intense criticism， -be not without detractors •criticize severely： -flay， -assail， -lambaste， -lampoon [comically]， -light into •critics –detractors e.g.: She has a few critics.—— She is not without her detractors. •crooked（弯曲的；歪的；不正当的）：-awry {a-RYE} •cross： -traverse •crossed his mind： -entered his mind ，-entered his consciousness •crowd ：-throng， -onlookers， -bystanders •crowded with ：-chockablock with •crude： -coarse， -bawdy， -gauche， -base， -boorish •crude poem打油诗： -doggerel {DOG-er-ul} •cruel： -inhuman， -draconian， -depraved •cruel criticism： -vitriol •cry： -become emotional， -give way to tears， -fall to weeping， -move to tears， -dissolve in tears e.g.“Her itinerary provided for two weeks in Paris, and she had suffered through one week of it when, like an angel from heaven, an Englishman called Tippy Akenside showed up at her hotel at the very moment when she was about to dissolve in tears and book passage home.” ——Katherine Anne Porter, “Maria Concepción”， -bemoan， -lament， -bray •cultural attitude： -ethos •cure all ：-panacea， -philosopher’s stone， -elixir •curious： -inquisitive •current ：-prevailing， -topical •currently (is currently) ：-is •curse： -a pox on ...， -malediction •curtains： -draperies e.g.: “The two big s were open; their limp and listless draperies showed that there was not the least motion in the stifling humid air of the July afternoon.” ——David Graham Phillips, Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise •curved -：aquiline（钩状的，鹰嘴似的）•custard： -crème brûlée {French, krem brue-LAY, lit. scorched cream} <div> </div><div><h1>第三部分《中国重要时政术语音译报告2019》积累</h1> 一、政治领域 Politics （3） •党建责任制 the system of responsibility for Party development •依宪治国、依宪执政 Constitution-based governance •法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设 to build a country, government, and society based on the rule of law •中国特色社会主义法治道路 the path of law-based governance under Chinese socialism •赢得反腐败斗争压倒性胜利 to secure a sweeping victory in the fight against corruption •“打虎”“拍蝇”“猎狐” “taking out tigers,” “swatting flies,” and “hunting down foxes” •深化政治巡视 political inspection •勇于自我革命 to have the courage to carry out self-reform •从严管党治党 to conduct strict self-supervision and self-governance on the Party •学习本领是领导干部必须具备的第一位本领 Learning ability is the top priority skill that leading officials must possess. •人民主体地位 the principal status of the people OR: the principal position of the people OR: the primacy of the people •《关于加强和改进中央和国家机关党的建设的意见》 Opinions on strengthening and improving the Party development in central Party and state departments •党对依法治国的领导 the Party’s leadership over law-based governance •以党章为根本遵循 to regard the Party Constitution as the fundamental guideline •小事不出村，大事不出镇，矛盾不上交 to settle minor problems in the villages, major ones in the towns, and not submitting them to higher-level authorities •新时代的长征路 Long March of the new era •共和国是红色的 The People’s Republic has a revolutionary tradition. •人民是我们党执政的最大底气 The people’s support is the strongest foundation for our Party’s governance. •国之重器 national major projects •不获全胜、决不收兵 Never call retreat until a complete victory. •站起来、富起来到强起来 China has stood up, become prosperous and is growing strong. OR: China has stood up, grown prosperous and is becoming strong. </div>