<div style="text-align: center;">The process of digestion</div>Food, after being partially broken down in the mouth, passes through the esophagus to the stomach, where the process of breakdown continues. It then passes to the small intestine where further breakdown occurs, and the useful particles are absorbed into the bloodstream. The remaining particles pass through the large intestine and are ultimately expelled.<div>食物在口中部分分解后，通过食道到达胃，分解过程在那里继续进行。然后它进入小肠，在那里进一步分解，有用的颗粒被吸收到血液中。剩下的微粒通过大肠最终被排出体外。<br></div> Eason之前老听我们说，然后自己也会说了。 吃东西到嘴里，然后到胃里边，然后到肠里边，然后拉出来了。<br>这次准备尝试引入一下基本的消化系统名称。<div><br>salivary glands 唾液腺 /'sæləvɛri/<br>pharynx 咽 /ˈfærɪŋks/ <br>esophagus 食道 /ɪ'sɑfəɡəs/ 或叫food pipe<br>stomach 胃<br>liver 肝脏<br>gallbladder 胆囊 /ˈɡɔlˌblædɚ/<br>pancreas 胰腺/'pæŋkrɪəs/<br>small intestine 小肠<br>large intestine 大肠<br>anus ：the opening in a person's bottom through which solid waste leaves the body 肛门 /'enəs/</div> When we eat, our body has to digest the food so we can get the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that are in food.<br><br>Now let's follow the food all through the body:<br><ol><li>We chew the food, and it changes into smaller pieces.</li><li>The saliva in our mouths contains molecules called enzymes that also start to break down the food into smaller pieces.</li><li>We swallow the food and it goes to the stomach.</li><li>In the stomach, chemical reactions change the food into liquid (like thick soup) for one or two hours, and this liquid flows into the small intestine.</li><li>In the small intestine, our bodies take (absorb) the nutrients from our food, so they can travel around the body. The small intestines are about 6 meters long, so nutrients are absorbed for a long time. The things that are not absorbed are called “solid waste material”; this waste material goes to the large intestine.</li><li>The large intestine is responsible for collecting waste not digested in the small intestine. When water is removed from the mixture, solid waste called feces forms. [<b>feces</b>: solid waste material that leaves the body through the anus 粪便]</li><li>The solid waste material stays in the rectum（直肠） until we go to the toilet. Then, this material leaves our bodies through the anus.</li></ol>---------------------<br><div>Compared to the small intestine, the large intestine measures shorter in length, has a larger sized lumen, and does not contain villi – small hair-like projections.<br></div><div>与小肠相比，大肠的长度更短，有更大的管腔，不包含绒毛-小的毛发状突出物。<br></div><div>Feces or stools are comprised of indigestible food, bacteria, inorganic salts, unabsorbed substances, and epithelial cells, in addition to sufficient water for it to pass out of the body.<br></div><div>粪便由难以消化的食物、细菌、无机盐、不被吸收的物质和上皮细胞组成，此外还有足够的水分供其排出体外。<br></div> 关于大便的几种说法：<div><b>stool</b>: a piece of solid waste from your body 粪便 (医学用法)</div><div><b>poop</b>: (informal) a child's word for the solid waste that is passed through the bowels （儿童用语）㞎㞎</div><div><b>shit </b>: solid waste matter from the bowels 屎；粪便(比poop更不正式的用法，在学校或者工作场合里与上司长辈讲话时不应使用)</div> 上厕所的优雅说法<div><b>Formal setting (don't specify "大号" and "小号")</b></div><div><ul><li>I have to go to the bathroom/washroom/restroom. </li><li>I would like to go to the men's/ladies' room (old-fashioned people/asking a waiter/waitress where those rooms are)</li></ul></div><div><b>Business casual settings (don't specify "大号" and "小号")</b></div><div><ul><li>I have to go do (my) business.</li><li>Nature calls. </li></ul></div><h5> <i>To me, this would be strange to use directly to mean "I have to go to the bathroom". Someone might use it to make someone going to the bathroom feel less awkward. For example, a group of friends are playing a board game then:Bob: I need to go to the bathroom.Joe: Nature calls.</i></h5><div><i><br></i></div><div><b>Friends and Family</b></div><div>Number 2 (大号)</div><div>Number 1 (小号)</div><div>I have to poo. (大号)</div><div>I have to pee. (小号)</div><div>I have to urinate. (小号)</div><div><br></div><div><b>Really close friends (silly friends)</b></div><div>I'm gonna take a dump. (大号)</div><div>I have to take a piss. (小号)</div><div><br></div><div><b>These are how a doctor would ask you in a hospital setting:</b></div><div>How is your stool? (大号)</div><div>Do you have regular bowel movements? (大号)</div><div>What is your urine like? (小号)<br></div><div><br></div><div>作者：栗子<br>链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/27883240/answer/149454705<br>来源：知乎<br>著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。<br></div>