【故宫】FT-Vlearn1906期29号Domi-2020.5.16

Domi玩游戏

The Palace Museum

知识点：

1.再次见面及再见场景练习

2.地铁出行场景练习

3.了解故宫：

①　故宫的整体介绍

②　重要宫殿的介绍

③　一些有意思的典故：太和殿门前的狮子、大水缸、内金水河、末代皇帝溥仪等

4.活动中常用单词及句型学习：

5.东南西北方向学习（通过逛故宫了解东南西北方向）

6.材质单词的学习（通过看各种文物了解各种材质）

游戏:

treasure hunt 、painting、picture

👉🏽再次见面及再见场景练习

1⃣3种再次见面打招呼类型

再次见面It’s nice to see you again.---It’s good to see you，too
朋友见面英语问候：
类型一：问近况
How are you feeling?　心情怎么样?
What's up?　怎么样?
What brings you here today? 什么风把你吹来了?
类型二：好久不见
It's been too long. 好久没见了。
Long time no see!　好久不见了!
Haven't seen you for ages! 好久没见到你了!
类型三：夸奖对方
You look good. 你看上去不错嘛。
You look nice. 你看起来很棒。
You look well. 你看上去很好。

2⃣最普通的道别方式

Goodbye/Bye
Goodbye较为少用，通常用于绝对的道别(暗指将不会再见)，而bye则是一种更放松、非正式的道别方法。

1.See You Later/See you/Later
在see you later和see you中，“you”可发音为ya。

3⃣4种亲切自然的道别方式

1. It was nice to see you again
这是你向某个熟人道别时重要的表达方式之一，赶紧学起来。
2. Take Care
无论是正式还是非正式场合，跟朋友或陌生人，你都可以用这句话来表达真切的问候，道一声珍重。
3. Take it Easy
通常用于非正式场合。虽然很多人在劝别人“保持冷静”时会用上一句“Take it easy”，但这种道别方式也传递着我希望你有机会放松一下，享受当下的意思。
4. Have a good one
这是另外一种地道的道别方法，主要表达希望某人安好。你也可以说have a good day/weekend/trip/vacation，但“have a good one”表达的是广泛意义上的关切问候，没有特殊的指某个具体的方面。

👉🏽地铁出行场景练习

1. Let's take the subway today.
咱们今天坐地铁吧。
2. Let's take the escalator down. Watch where your step. Hold onto mommy's hand and stand firm.
咱们乘扶梯下去吧。注意脚下。拉好妈妈的手，站稳。
3. No need to hold the handrail. It's too tall for you. In particular, don't touch the side of the handrail because it doesn't move along with us.
不用扶扶手。它对你来说太高了。尤其不要碰扶手的侧面，因为它不会随着咱们走的。
4.Transport card 公交卡（亦作transport pass，交通通行证。很多城市的公交卡都有自己的名字，纽约的叫Metro Card；伦敦的叫Oyster Card；香港的八达通英文名叫Octopus Card；悉尼的叫Opal Card。）
Let's swipe our transport cards.
咱们刷下公交卡。（亦可将swipe替换为scan，扫描。）
Let's insert our cards.
咱们把卡插进去。（亦可将insert替换为slide，滑动。）
5. Don't stand too close to the edge of the platform. Stand behind the yellow line.
不要离站台边太近。站在黄线后面。
6. A train is arriving at the station. Please pay attention to the signage ['sainidʒ] which shows where this train is bound for.
一辆列车进站了。注意引导牌，它写着这辆车开往哪儿。
7. Let's line up to get on. Don't push.
咱们排队上车。别挤。
8. The train is departing from the station. Please hold tight to mommy's hand and I will hold onto the handle.
列车出站了。握紧妈妈的手，我拉着拉环（亦可将depart from替换为pull out of。）
9. We are getting off at the next station. Let's move towards the door.
我们下站该下车了。咱们换到门那儿去。
10. Actually, the next station is an interchange station. Many people will get off, so we can just follow the flow of the people.
对了，下一站是换乘站。好多人都下，咱们跟着人流走就行了。
11. Actually, the next station is the final stop. Everyone has to get off.
对了，下一站是总站。大家都得下。

👉🏽了解故宫

1⃣故宫的整体介绍

The imperial palace in Beijing is the imperial palace of the Ming and qing dynasties in China, formerly known as the Forbidden City.
The construraron of Forbidden City started in 1406 and completed in 1420.
故宫的建设始于1406年完成于1420年
Started from the 3rd Emperor Zhudi in the Ming Dynasty, there were 24 emperors lived in the Forbidden City for almost 500 years.
从明朝第三个皇帝朱棣开始,一共有240皇帝住在故宫里面差不多500年
Forbidden Ciy is divided into two parts， the outer court and inner court, so our tour will be going along the central axis to the outer court and inner court and imperial garden and then northern exit.
故宫分为两部分,外朝和内寝,所以呢我们的旅游路线就是沿着中轴路到外朝、内寝到御花园最后是北出口

2⃣重要宫殿的介绍

1.午门 The Meridian Gate

There are three arched entrances in the front and another two, one on each wing of the platform.The central arch was used only by the emperor.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, grand ceremonies, like announcing the new calendar for the coming year, were held hereNow Meridian Gate is used as an important exhibition hall in the Forbidden City and the only entrance to the imperial palace.大门（又称五凤塔）由平前面有三个拱形入口，另有两个，一个在平台的每个机翼上。 中央拱门只被皇帝使用。 明清之际，在这里举行了盛大的仪式，就像宣布来年的新日历一样。现在，子午门被用作紫禁城的重要展厅和皇宫的唯一入口。

2.太和门 The gate of Supreme Harmony

There are two side entrances, Zhaode Gate on the east, and Zhendu Gate on the west. In front of the main Gate is a square of about 26,000 square meters, with an inner ‘Golden River’ flowing from west to east. Four bronze vats and a pair of lions stand on the two sides. In the Ming and early Qing Dynasty, this was the place where the emperor works everyday morning.
有两个侧入口，东侧为昭德门，西侧为振都门.. 正门前是一个大约2.6万平方米的广场，里面有一条“黄金河”从西向东流动。 四只铜缸和一对狮子站在两边。 明清初，这是皇帝每天早晨处理国家事务的地方。

3. 弘义阁 Pavilion of Spreading Righteousness

4. 太和殿 the Hall of Supreme Harmony

The Hall of Supreme Harmony was the place where important ceremonies, such as an emperor’s wedding,were held in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.On the platform, a sundial, a Jialiang (a measuring vessel), a pair of tortoises, cranes, and eighteen vessels can be seen. Inside it stands 72 pillars of which seven are entwined by dragons.

太和殿是明清举行重要仪式的地方，如皇帝的婚礼。 在平台上，可以看到一个日晷，一个嘉良（一个测量器），一对乌龟，起重机和十八艘船。 它里面有72根柱子，其中7根是龙缠绕的。

5.中和殿 The hall of Middle Harmony

The Hall was mainly used as a resting place for the emperor before attending important ceremonies in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. The main furnishing is a throne, around which four censers are placed.
在参加太和殿重要仪式之前，该殿主要用作皇帝的休息场所。（在这里，皇帝还会在祭祀仪式和传统的种子和农具检查之前准备挽歌，然后前往农业祭坛。） 主要的家具是一个宝座，周围放置了四个香炉。

6.保和殿 the hall of Preserving Harmony

In the Ming Dynasty, the hall was used as a dressing room before the emperor attended grand ceremonies. In early Qing Times, it served as the wedding venue for the Emperor. It was also a place where the emperors held banquets. Later, it was used as a place to hold the final stage of imperial examinations.
明代，在皇帝出席盛大仪式之前，大厅被用作更衣室。 在清初时代，它是皇帝的婚礼场地。 这也是皇帝举行宴会的地方。后来，它被用作举行科举考试最后阶段的地方。

7.乾清门 the Gate of Heavenly Purity

8.乾清宫 The palace of Heavenly Purity

From the Ming dynasty to the early qing dynasty, The palace of Heavenly Purity was the emperor's sleeping palace and later became the place of office.
乾清代表国家稳定和皇帝的正直行为。 在前面的平台上，一只青铜乌龟和起重机站着。 在两边，在平台上，有两个测量工具，东侧有一个日晷，西侧有一个嘉良。 这些象征着皇帝对人的公平。 在进入大厅时，王位就在前面，上面挂着一块由顺治皇帝（北京第一位皇帝）刻有“光明与纯洁”的招牌。

9.交泰殿the palace of Union and Peace

It was a place for the empress to receive greetings on major festivals and her birthday.
这是一个地方，皇后收到问候在重大节日和她的生日。 这也是一个存放二十五枚不同帝国印章的地方。 左边有一个铜裂解器（水钟），右边有一个机械敲击时钟。 这些被用来在紫禁城设定标准时间。

10.坤宁宫 The palace of Earthly Tranquility

It was first built in 1420 of the Ming Dynasty as the palace of the empresses.
它最初建于明朝1420年，作为女皇的宫殿。

11.御花园 The imperial garden

In the garden, there are about 160 trees with a history of 300 years. Different kinds of bonsai are scattered around. The paths were all pebbled colorfully, with the pebbles arranged in 900 patterns such as figures, flowers, depictions of classical stories.
在花园里，大约有160棵树，有300年的历史。 各种盆景错落有致.. 这些小径都是彩色的鹅卵石，鹅卵石排列在900种图案中，如图形、花朵、古典故事的描述。

12. 神武门 the gate of divine prowess

It was an important entrance for daily passage, both in and out of the Forbidden City. In 1942, the last emperor, Puyi, went out of the Palace from this door.
　　这是每天进出紫禁城的重要入口。一九四二年，末代皇帝溥仪从这扇门出去了。

3⃣一些有意思的典故：太和殿门前的狮子、大水缸、内金水河、末代皇帝溥仪等

1.太和门前最大的青铜狮子：Bronze lions

公狮子

母狮子

this is the Gate of Supreme Hormeny, by going through this gate, we'll see the most striking building in the Forbidden City.
这个是太和门,走过这里就会看到故宫里的最具有标志性的建筑（太和殿)
The Gate is guarded by two bronze lions, one is here, the other one is sitting at the other side, They are the largest bronze lions in China.
这个大门由两只青铜狮子守卫。这边有一个。另外那边还坐着一只。他们是中国最大的青铜狮子。
The lions were considered as the mythical animal, legendary animal ,they were doing such duties of warding off the evil spirit of the building.
狮子被认为是神话或传说中的动物。他们主要的工作是可以辟邪。
So they were kept as the good doorkeepers for Emperor's residence.
所以呢，他们经常被用做市王住所的守护者。
Those two lions have minor differences between two parts.Let me tell you, one is male, the other one is female.
这两个狮子之间有一点微小的不同。还是我告诉你们吧,一只雄一只雌。
The male lion is playing a ball under the foot while the female lion,playing a baby cub under the foot.
雄狮脚下玩着一个圆球,同时雌狮，玩着一只小幼师。
Which (male lion) symbolizes the emperors were the rules of the whole world. Which (female) represents the Prosperity of the Emperors 'offspring.
这个(雄师)象征皇帝是全世界的统治者，这个（雌师)代表着皇帝的子嗣兴隆。

2.大水缸：

铜缸

铁缸

In total, there were used to be 308 such cauldrons in the Forbidden City, but now there are only 231 are left.
总的来讲。过去故宫里面一共有308个这样的大缸,但是现在只剩下了231.
And the purpose of those cauldrons were for storing water against fire, because nearly 100% of the buidings in the Forbidden City made by wooden material
这些大缸的用途是盛水防火用的,因为差不多所有故宫建筑都是木建筑.
so they're quite easily catching the fire, thats why they put 308 cauldrons in the Forbidden Cty for against fire,but they didn't work very well.
所以它们很容易着火，这也是为什么要放308口缸在故宫里面防火,但是他们的作用有限。
Couse such high building catching fire from the top (by Iightning)you can't get water up to the top of it.
因为像这么高的建筑如果雷击从顶部着火没人可以把水运到顶部去。
Let's take a look on the other side of it.
there's air vent/hole underneath each cauldron where for setting up fire during winter time to keep the water inside cauldron from freezing.
在每一个大缸的下面会有一个通气孔，这里是在冬天生火用的以保证缸里面的水不会结冰。

3.内金水河：

The river is called as "inner golden river" it serves the function of Fengshui, and also for fighting against fire if there happened a fire on those buldings.
这条河叫"内金水河",它的作用是风水,同时这些建筑失火还可以救火。
There're five marble bridges spanning inner golden river .they're the symbols of five virtues preached by Confucius.
在金水河上横跨着5座桥,它们代表孔子所讲的五种美德。
Benevolence, righteousness politeness,wisdom and fidelity, they'tre five virtues preached by Confucius, that's what those five marble bridges symbolize for.
仁义礼智信。它们是孔子玩讲的五德。这就是这5座桥象征的意义。

4.末代皇帝溥仪：

5.神兽

6.日晷

7.龙头

8.石雕

Last emperor Puyi, who ascended the throne in that bulding-hall of supreme harmony in 1908 or the age of only3.
最后的皇帝溥仪。在1908年。他就是在那个大殿大和殿里登基的,当时的年龄只有3岁。
He was so scared by the complicated procedures that he kept crying and shouting " i don't want to stay here,i want to go home.
由于这些过于繁琐的礼仪让他太害怕了所以一直哭喊着"我要回家,我更回家"。
His father tried to soothe him and said "dont worry.it soon will be over".
他爸爸一直试图安慰他并说道"别担心,快完了快完了"。
For those civil ond military officials got shocked, coz they thought his father suggested the Qing dynasty will soon be over.
这样让这些文武关臣很吃惊,因为他们想的是他爸爸在指大清王朝快完了。
And only 3 years later in 1911, the Qing dynasty which last for 267years did collapse.
就在3年后的1911年,持续了267年的清朝倒台了。

👉🏽情景会话

A：
Mommy, how did the Forbidden City get this name?
本叔叔，紫禁城这个名字是怎么来的啊？
B：
Well, in the feudal society, emperors had supreme power, so his residence was certainly a forbidden palace.
这个嘛，在封建社会，帝王拥有至高无上的权利，那他的住处当然是禁地啦。

A：
His residence? You mean the whole palace?
他的住所？你是说这整个宫殿吗？
B：
Yes. The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The southern section, or the Outer Court was for the emperor to exercise his power over the nation, and the northern part, or the Inner Court was for his royal family.
是的。紫禁城分为两个部分。南部，或者叫外院是皇帝实施权力管理国家的地方，北部，或者叫内院是皇室的住所。
A：
Oh, unbelievable. This was too luxurious.
哦，真难以置信，好奢华啊。

B：
Even the whole country belonged to him. That's why he is called the emperor.
甚至连整个国家都是属于他的。这就是为什么他被称为皇帝啊。
A：
OK, then. I love these unique structured towers with the delicate carvings on them. It's really artistic.
好吧，嗯，我喜欢这些造型别致的塔，它们上面有很多精致的雕刻。真是艺术啊。
B：
Yeah, the buildings and designs of the Forbidden City are the peak of Chinese traditional architecture, not only scientific but also suitable for living.
是啊。紫禁城的建筑和设计达到了中国传统建筑的顶峰，不仅科学而且很适合居住。
A：
I agree. It's definitely a product of wisdom. Well, why were those small animal sculptures placed on the tops of the buildings?
我同意。它真是智慧的成果。还有，为什么把那些小动物的雕塑放在建筑物顶部呢？
B：
Some of them are mascots and some are symbols of power.
有一些是吉祥物，还有一些则是权势的象征。
A：
Why are there so many yellow things? Is yellow the lucky color in China?
为什么这里有这么多黄色的东西啊？在中国黄色是幸运的颜色吗？
B：
Oh, no. In fact, yellow is the symbol of the royal family.
哦，不是的。实际上，黄色是皇族的象征。
A：
Just like the pattern dragon, right?
就像是龙的图案，对吗？

B：
Exactly. Here is the Nine-dragon Screen.
没错。这个是九龙壁。

A：
Oh, it's really fabulous. I wanna take a picture here.
哦，它真漂亮啊。我要在这里照一张照片。
B：
Sure, this will be a really good picture.
可以，一定会是一张很棒的照片。
注释:
feudal adj. 封建的
supreme adj. 最高的
residence n. 住所
royal adj. 皇家的
luxurious adj. 奢侈的
structured adj. 有结构的
artistic adj. 富于艺术想象力的，有艺术技巧的
sculpture n. 雕塑
fabulous adj. 极好的，绝妙的

👉🏽东南西北方向学习（通过逛故宫了解东南西北方向）

North is up, South is down, West is left and East is right

👉🏽问路和指路

1⃣英语问路常用语

英语问路一般开始用Excuse me，或者sorry to bother you
Excuse me， can you tell me where the toilet is?
Excuse me， could you tell me which is the way to the nearest toilet? Excuse me， would you please show me the way to the toilet? 请告诉我去厕所怎么走好吗?
Where does this street lead to? 这条街通什么地方?

2⃣英语指路回答常用语

Go down this street， and turn to the left at the first crossing. 沿着这条街走，在第一个十字路口向左拐。
Go straight ahead about 100metres. 往前一直走 100米。
Go this way about 10 minutes. When you come to a lane， turn right. 沿着这条路大约走10分钟。当你走到一条小巷时，然后向右拐。
Keep straight on for two blocks. 一直往前走，走过两个街区。
Cross the street and turn left. 过了这条街，然后向左拐。
It‘s over there. 就在那边。
It‘s just around the corner. 就在拐角处。
It‘s opposite the post office. 在邮局对面。
It‘s next to the hospital. 就在医院隔壁。
It‘s not far from here. 离这儿不远。
It‘s only two blocks. 只过两条马路就到。
It‘s at the end of the street. 在这条街的尽头。

👉🏽材质单词的学习（通过看各种文物了解各种材质）

What is it made of？
It is made of marble、wood、gold、silver 、bronze、iron 、glass
Plastic、bricks、sand

微信号:DomiJoy0323