植物科学-20200419-万思乐学V-Learn小西妈双语工程1906期58moon打卡D91

Moon

植物科学-3

视频:清华英语，粉猪

音频:清华英语，牙牙学语《懒小猪》，婷婷唱古诗(复习)

Why are plants important

Plants provide food to people and animals, regulate the water cycle, create oxygen and provide a habitat for other species. Without plants, life on Earth would not be sustainable for most species, including humans.

In addition to regulating the water cycle, plants also help purify the planet's water, which is important to sustain life. Plants and trees create oxygen through a process called photosynthesis[ˌfoʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs]光合作用

A decrease减少 in plants and trees means a decrease in oxygen, which humans and other species require in order to breathe. These things aside, plants are also used for medicinal purposes. Many plants have healing properties, and one-quarter of

preion :[prɪˈskrɪpʃn]drugs 处方药come from plants. Plants also store carbon, which is a fact that helps keep carbon dioxide [ˌkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd]二氧化碳out of the atmosphere.

植物为动物提供栖息地

植物是生命的主要形态之一，包含了如树木、灌木、藤类、青草、蕨类，及绿藻、地衣等熟悉的生物。绿色植物大部分的能源是经由光合作用从太阳光中得到的，温度、湿度、光线、淡水是植物生存的基本需求。

植物有明显的细胞壁和细胞核，其细胞壁由葡萄糖聚合物——纤维素构成。植物具有光合作用的能力——就是说它可以借助光能及动物体内所不具备的叶绿素，利用水、矿物质和二氧化碳生产食物。释放氧气后，剩下葡萄糖——含有丰富能量的物质，作为植物细胞的组成部分。

陆生植物和藻类所行使的光合作用几乎是所有的生态系中能源及有机物质的最初来源。光合作用根本地改变了早期地球大气的组成，使得有21%的氧气。动物和大多数其他生物是好氧的，依靠氧气生存。植物在大多数的陆地生态系中属于生产者，形成食物链的基本。许多动物依靠着植物作为其居所、以及氧气和食物的提供者

光合作用

Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

What do you do when you get hungry?

You ask mom for something to eat, don’t you?

Or you may even go to the kitchen and fix yourself something to eat.

Well, plants get hungry just like you and I do.

But since plants don’t have parents (or kitchens), they have to make their own food.

When plants make their own food, it is called photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a big word, isn’t it?

It means light (photo) used to make something (synthesis). Hhmmm…can you guess how plants make their food?

If you guessed the sun, you are right! Here’s how it works…

Soaking up the sunshine

All plants have a chemical in their leaves called chlorophyll:[ˈklɔːrəfɪl]叶绿素

The chlorophyll is what makes the leaves of the plant green.

But that is not the only job chlorophyll has.

Its other job is to soak up the warmth and energy from the sun’s rays.射线

Sun-energy isn’t all a plant needs to make its food, though.

They also need water and air.

Drink up!

While the leaves are collecting energy from the sun, they are also pulling water up from the plant’s roots.

The water, which is in the soil, travels through the roots, up the stem and into the leaves…kind of like a big straw. But that’s not all…

Water enters the roots via a plant cell called xylem.[ˈzaɪləm]

木质部(植物中将水分和矿物质从根部向上输送的组织);

One issues[ˈɪʃuːz]问题.that most land plants have is drying out.

But plant are very clever and have a specialized structure called stomata which will not allow carbon dioxide pass through its protective waxy layer covering the leaf (cuticle).

但是植物非常聪明，并具有称为气孔的特殊结构，该结构不允许二氧化碳穿过覆盖在叶子（表皮）上的保护性蜡质层。

Take a deep breath

Plants have to breathe just like you and I do.

The difference between plants and people, though, are what we need to breathe.

Take a big deep breath and hold it.

You are breathing in oxygen.

Now let it out. The air you let out is carbon dioxide.

Plants do the same thing, except when they take a deep breath, they breathe in carbon dioxide and when they let it out, it is oxygen.

Now you might be thinking you’ve never seen a plant breathe before.

That is because you haven’t—not the way you and I breathe, anyway.

No, a plant takes in carbon dioxide without anyone even noticing.

How plants breathe

You have already learned that the sun’s energy enters the leaves through the chlorophyll in the leaves.

A plant’s leaves also have hundreds of thousands of tiny holes in them called stoma.气孔

The stoma are so small you have to have a microscope to see them, but they are big enough to breathe in the carbon dioxide a plant needs to make its food.

Plants take in carbon dioxide through their leaves at the same time they are soaking up energy from the sun and taking a drink of water.

Wow! I bet you never realized how busy or important a plant’s leaves are, did you?

Once the leaves of a plant have collected enough carbon dioxide, water and sun-energy, they are ready to make food for the entire plant.

Dinner time!

When the carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun are combined, the sun turns the water and carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar).

The plant uses the glucose as food and takes hydrogen molecules :[ˈmɑləˌkjulz]氢分子from the water to keep itself from getting dry and wilted.

Sugar gives the plant energy.

They use this energy to make more leaves, flowers, fruit or vegetables and seeds that can grow into new plants.

The glucose (sugar)also gives the plant the energy it needs to grow taller and fuller and make the cell walls of the plant.

We know why it is important for flowers to make new leaves, flowers, fruits, vegetables and seeds, but why are the plants cell walls so important?

On guard!

The cell walls of a plant have two main jobs:

Surround the actual cells of the plant.Protect the plant.

Every living thing is made up of cells and every plant cell has a cell wall.

The cell walls of a plant are near the

surface or outside of the plant—the part we see.

Because they are so close to the outside of the plant, the cell walls of a plant:

Help keep bugs, insects and diseases from attacking a plant

Help keep the plant standing straight and

tall

All filled up

When a plant combines water, carbon dioxide and sun-energy to make the glucose

(sugar) there is always something left

over.

It is called oxygen—the very same oxygen we need to breathe.

Because the plants don’t need it, they get rid of it.

When a plant gets rid of the oxygen they don’t need, it is called respiration.

A plant gets rid of oxygen through its leaves, stems and flowers, fruits or vegetables.

And when they do, we have the oxygen we need.

Thanks, plants~

Photosynthesis facts for Kids

Photosynthesis is the most important chemical process in the world. Without it, plants and people could not exist.A plant’s leaves are vital for its survival.Most of the photosynthesis process takes place in the leaves of a plant.

利用中午练车休息时间，找了一个光合作用英文版，其难度啊😂估计用我此生生物所学也就勉强看懂了中文字幕，有兴趣的可以看看！

光合作用这个对于小宝宝而言，确实有点难度，虽然已经用比较简单的语言来解释，但是过程中还是各种开小差，以后再滚动复习吧！

Types of trees 树的分类

转小西妈公号

P: Baby, look at the ground. It’s covered by leaves. What color leaves can you see?

K: I can see green, yellow…….

P: Any more colors? Look at this one. It’s brown. The leaves are falling from the trees around us. See this tree, some of the leaves on it are green, some have turned yellow. All the leaves on it will fall. But can you find different tress like these? Take a look

K: That tree (松树)

P: Yes, it’s the pine tree. The leaves don’t fall off this tree. Based on the leaves, you have found the two main types of trees, deciduous :[dɪˈsɪdʒuəs](落叶性植物) and evergreen (常绿性植物). Excellent

In autumn each year, deciduous trees lose their leaves. Before the leaves shed落下, they turn orange, red or brown. While evergreen trees carry their leaves throughout the year. Evergreens do shed their leaves, but only a few at a time and over a long period, so there is never a noticeable change. For most evergreen trees, the leaves don't change color. Generally, they’re always green.

感觉对于树的名字和形状分不清楚，还是先记住落叶型植物和长绿型植物两种类型吧！

树木是木本植物的总称，包含乔木、灌木和木质藤本之分，树木主要是种子植物，蕨类植物中只有树蕨为树木，中国约有8000种树木。分为榕树；杨树；柳树；柏树等。

Parts of a tree树的构成

P: Honey, Look at the trees. Do you think they’re beautiful?

K: Yes. I love this tree. The leaves are beautiful.

P: I like it too. Can you name the parts of a tree?

K: Leaves.

P: Yes. Except the leaves, there’re some other parts. Let me show you. This is the trunk. The outside of the trunk is the bark. This is the branch. On the branches, there’re little twigs (小枝). Branches, twigs and leaves together are called crown (树冠). Where’re the roots?

B: In the ground.

P: Very good. Sometimes you can see the roots of a tree on a hill/slope (斜坡). Let’s see if we can find one here. Go to take a look.

这两天练车没时间去公园，就带到小区楼下逛逛，认识下树的分类和组成。

结构及功能

根

根是植物的营养器官，通常位于地表下面，负责吸收土壤里面的水分及溶解其中的离子，并且具有支持，贮存合成有机物质的作用。位于地表外的气生根（榕树）也属于根的一种。

干

树干不是树木的身体骨架部分，多数为木材的来源，树木外包树皮。树干有年轮记录年龄。树干负责承拓整株植物，树干里的木质部负责运输供水及营养以助光合作用和新陈代谢。

叶

叶内含有叶绿体，是植物进行光合作用的主要场所。同时，植物的蒸腾作用是通过叶的气孔进行的。

Hand craft

用娃的手画一颗苹果树巩固树的组成，用颜料来诱惑她百试百灵。😃

游戏结束，坚持要自己清理，想玩水的心忒明显！😂

专注力训练

做了几个找不同，一通乱画，我的暴脾气，就稍稍大声点，娃就开始掉眼泪了。

👧我爱妈妈。你对我大声，你要说sorry.

👩sorry,i don't mean to do that.but you should say sorry for mommy,you don't listen to me.

哈佛百科

上周带她去公园就是坐公交，虽然是L2，但对于今天的主题比较熟悉，整体完成还不错。

阅读时光

小记

终于学会左右倒车入库，已经感受到夏天练车满满的恶意了。教练说每天早上都要过来练习，月底就可以考试了。希望一举拿下🙏🙏