3月30日&4月2日英语词汇作业

Forever

疫苗

英语词汇

女性

锻炼

单身

答案

研究

冠状病毒

专练

红笔

　同学们好，新的一周又开始了，词汇专项训练属于复习巩固内容，最基础的训练内容。本周进行实操演练是高中英语词汇专项突破训练的Unit12\Unit13\Unit14\Unit15四个单元，按照每单元所对应的时间安排认真完成。

具体要求：

1.本着踏实虚心的态度去学习和完成作业。

2.合理安排训练时间，自觉坚持限时训练。

3. 💪学习贵不贵？

📖当然贵了，贵在坚持

🙇要不要天赋？

📝当然要了，天天付出

🐎 现在 立刻 马上行动吧~

❤认真复习重点词汇、词组，

❤把所积累知识运用于实践。

❤用实践检验真理，而不是用感觉判断收获。

3月30日高中英语词汇突破专练Unit12

做完所有题目，再核对答案，用红笔纠错！

Unit12答案详解

【经济学人精读】新冠疫情对全球经济有什么影响呢？

Free exchange自由贸易Covid-19 presents economic policymakers with a new sort of threatCovid-19给经济政策制定者带来了新的威胁It mixes demand and supply effects它混合了需求和供应的影响 1. THE ONLY thing we have to fear is fear itself, or so reckoned Franklin Roosevelt. In many an economic downturn that is true—an anxiety-induced reluctance to spend is the main threat to prosperity. For now, the world is treating the outbreak of covid-19, a disease caused by a coronavirus that is now responsible for more than 2,000 deaths, as no exception. Central banks across Asia are easing monetary policy while governments prepare spending programmes to limit the economic damage.

富兰克林•罗斯福认为，我们应该恐惧的就是恐惧本身。在许多经济衰退中，这是事实。由焦虑导致的不愿消费是经济繁荣的主要威胁。目前，世界各国都在应对covid-19疫情，这是一种由冠状病毒引起的疾病，目前已造成2000多人死亡。亚洲各国央行正在放松货币政策，各国政府也在启动消费计划，以减少经济损失。

2. Covid-19, however, is not a conventional economic threat. Efforts to contain the virus are limiting activity by shutting factories and disrupting supply-chains. Such shocks to supply are harder to manage than anxiety-induced frugality among firms and investors. When people stop spending, growth slows and inflation falls. But when supply is constrained, prices can accelerate even as the economy wobbles. Economists first grappled with supply shocks in the 1970s, when reductions in food and oil supplies ended three decades of unprecedented growth andushered in “stagflation”. Supply shocks divided the profession. Predictably, there was a row over whether governments should prioritise fighting rising unemployment or high inflation. In a victory that would shape central banking for decades, the inflation hawks eventually won.

然而，Covid-19并非传统意义上的经济威胁。控制病毒的主要措施是通过关闭工厂和破坏供应链来限制人们的活动。与企业和投资者因焦虑而减少消费相比，这些措施对供应的冲击更难控制。当人们停止消费，增长就会放缓，通胀就会下降。但当供应受限时，即使经济不稳定，价格也会快速上涨。经济学家首次应对供应冲击是在上世纪70年代，当时食品和石油供应的减少结束了30年的空前增长，并引发了“滞胀”。供应冲击使该行业四分五裂。可以预见的是，在政府应优先应对不断上升的失业率还是高通胀的问题上，出现了一场争论。通胀鹰派最终赢得了这场胜利，这将影响中央银行数十年的发展。

3. Like the oil and food shocks of the 1970s, the covid-19 epidemic poses an unexpected threat to a mainstay of global production. On February 17th Apple warned investors that supply-chain problems were limiting iPhone production and would reduce its revenues (see article). Hyundai, a carmaker, has cut production in South Korea because of parts shortages. On February 18th Jaguar Land Rover, a British carmaker, said that it could start to run out of parts in two weeks’ time, and that it had flown in emergency supplies from China in suitcases.

与上世纪70年代的石油和食品危机一样，covid-19对全球石油生产的支柱构成了意想不到的威胁。2月17日，苹果公司警告投资者，供应链问题正在限制iPhone的生产，并将减少其收入。由于零部件短缺，汽车制造商现代汽车公司已经削减了在韩国的产量。2月18日，英国汽车制造商捷豹路虎(Jaguar Land Rover)称，其可能在两周内就会出现零部件告罄的情况，而且该公司已经从中国空运了应急物资。

4. Should covid-19 sweep across the world, the global economy as a whole will surely need a dose of stimulus. The main complication then would be a lack of central-bank ammunition, as interest rates are already low. But even if the virus stays contained, governments of less affected countries could have their hands full. Policymakers facing temporary supply shocks must reassure the public that growth and inflation will eventually return to normal—as modern central banks now try to do when oil prices spike. Continued disruption, though, requires adjustment. New suppliers must be tracked down, new contracts written and new customers found. Frustrated firms could decide the time is right to wash their hands of China. The effects of such changes are hard to predict.

如果covid19席卷全球，全球经济肯定需要一剂刺激。这之后，最复杂的问题将是央行缺乏资金实力，因为利率已经很低了。但即使病毒得到控制，受影响较小的国家可能也会忙得不可开交。面临暂时供应冲击的政策制定者必须让公众放心，经济增长和通胀最终会回归正常——就像现代央行在油价飙升时所做的那样。然而，持续的中断需要调整。必须找到新的供应商，签订新的合同，找到新的客户。受挫的企业可能会认为，现在是对中国撒手不管的时候了。这些变化的影响很难预测。

5.If China’s economy slumps further in response, it could exert a deflationary pull on economies in the West. But if decades of economic integration, which many economists credit with holding down global inflation for the past two decades, goes into reverse, then dormant price pressures could awaken. Macroeconomic policymakers could once again be confronted with the painful decision of whether or not to fight rising inflation during an economic downturn.

如果中国经济因此进一步下滑，可能会给西方经济体带来通缩压力。但如果几十年的经济一体化(许多经济学家认为过去20年里，经济一体化抑制了全球通胀)出现逆转，那么潜伏的价格压力可能会被唤醒。宏观经济政策制定者可能再次面临一个痛苦的决定:在经济低迷时期，是否要抗击不断上升的通胀。

3月31日高中英语词汇突破专练Unit13

做完所有题目，再核对答案，用红笔纠错！

Unit13答案详解

少量运动也能带来幸福感 | 外刊泛读

According to a new review of research about good moods and physical activity, people who work out even once a week or for as little as 10 minutes a day tend to be more cheerful than those who never exercise. And any type of exercise may be helpful.根据一项对良好情绪和身体活动的新研究综述，每周即使只锻炼一次或每天只锻炼十分钟的人会比从不锻炼的人更快乐。并且任何类型的锻炼可能都有用。
The idea that moving can affect our moods is not new. Many of us would probably say that we feel less cranky or more relaxed after a jog or visit to the gym.运动能影响我们的情绪，这个观点并不新鲜。我们许多人可能都会说，在慢跑或是去了健身房之后会感觉没那么烦躁，或者更加放松。
Science would generally agree with us. A number of past studies have noted that physically active people have much lower risks of developing depression and anxiety than people who rarely move.科学大体上也站在我们这边。过去一些研究指出，身体活跃的人出现抑郁或焦虑的风险比不怎么活动的人低得多。
But that research centered on the relationships between exercise and psychological problems like depression and anxiety. Fewer past studies explored links between physical activity and upbeat emotions, especially in people who already were psychologically healthy, and those studies often looked at a single age group or type of exercise.但那些研究关注的是锻炼和抑郁或焦虑这些心理问题之间的关系。以往的研究很少探索身体活动和乐观情绪之间的联系，尤其是对那些心理本来就健康的人。而且以往那些研究通常只看单一年龄组或某一运动类型。
On their own, they do not tell us much about the amounts or types of exercise that might best lift our moods, or whether most of us might expect to find greater happiness with regular exercise or only certain groups of people.单一地看，它们并不能告诉我们，多少运动量或哪些运动类型最能帮助我们提高情绪，抑或是否大多数人都可以通过经常性的锻炼来得到更大的幸福感，还是只有某一类人可以。
The number of participants in any one study was often small, but together, they represented more than 500,000 people ranging in age from adolescents to the very old and covering a broad range of ethnic and socioeconomic groups.任何一项研究的参与人数通常都很少，但加起来占了50多万人，年龄分布从青少年到老年都有，覆盖了广泛的种族范围和社会经济群体范围。
And for most of them, the Michigan researchers found, exercise was strongly linked to happiness.密歇根大学的研究人员发现，对其中大多数人来说，锻炼与幸福感之间都有着紧密联系。
“Every one of the observational studies showed a beneficial relationship between being physically active and being happy,” says Weiyun Chen, an associate professor of kinesiology at the University of Michigan, who, with her graduate student Zhanjia Zhang, wrote the review.“每一个观察性研究都表现了身体活跃和快乐之间的正向联系，”密歇根大学(University of Michigan)人体运动学副教授陈蔚云说，她和她的研究生张展嘉一起撰写了这篇综述。
The type of exercise did not seem to matter. Some happy people walked or jogged. Others practiced yoga-style posing and stretching.锻炼的类型似乎并不重要。一些人走路或慢跑会感到快乐。另一些人则练习瑜伽或者做拉伸。
And the amount of exercise needed to influence happiness was slight, Dr. Chen says. In several studies, people who worked out only once or twice a week said they felt much happier than those who never exercised. In other studies, 10 minutes a day of physical activity was linked with buoyant moods.而陈蔚云说，要影响幸福感，所需的运动量很少。在一些研究中，每周运动一两次的人表示他们比从不运动的人更快乐。在另一些研究中，一天10分钟的身体活动也与愉悦的心情有关联。

4月1日高中英语词汇突破专练Unit14

做完所有题目，再核对答案，用红笔纠错！

Unit14答案详解

越来越多的日本女性选择不结婚？| 外刊泛读

TOKYO — The bride wore a birthday cake of a dress, with a scalloped-edge bodice and a large hoop skirt. A veil sprouted from her black bob. Moments before the wedding began, she stood quietly on a staircase, waiting to descend to the ceremony. “Wow,” she thought. “I’m really doing this.”
东京——新娘穿着一件生日蛋糕般的婚纱，扇贝形边缘的上身，下面是大箍衬裙。婚礼开始前，她静静地站在楼梯上，等着下楼步入会场。“哇，”她想，“我真的要做这件事了。”
This was no conventional wedding to join two people in matrimony. Instead, a group of nearly 30 friends gathered in a banquet room in one of Tokyo’s most fashionable districts last year to witness Sanae Hanaoka, 31, as she performed a public declaration of her love — for her single self.
这不是一场庆祝两人共结连理的传统婚礼。相反，去年在位于东京一处时尚地区的这个宴会厅里，近30位朋友聚在一起，见证了31岁的花冈早苗（Sanae Hanaoka，音）的独身宣言——公开表达对她自己的爱。
“I wanted to figure out how to live on my own,” Hanaoka told the group, standing alone on a stage as she thanked them for attending her solo wedding. “I want to rely on my own strength.”
“我想弄清楚怎么靠自己生活，”她独自一人站在台上，在感谢朋友们来参加她的单身婚礼时对他们说，“我想靠我自己的力量。”
The percentage of women who work in Japan is higher than ever, yet cultural norms have not caught up: Japanese wives and mothers are still typically expected to bear the brunt of the housework, child care and help for their aging relatives, a factor that stymies many of their careers.日本工作女性的比例比过去任何时候都要高，然而文化规范却没有跟上：日本的妻子和母亲通常仍然仍被认为要承担家务、照顾小孩和帮助年迈长辈的重任，这是阻碍她们许多职业发展的一个因素。
Fed up with the double standard, Japanese women are increasingly opting out of marriage altogether, ing on their work and newfound freedoms, but also alarming politicians preoccupied with trying to reverse Japan’s declining population.不满于这样的双重标准，越来越多的日本女性干脆选择不结婚，转而专注于自己的工作和新获得的自由，但这也让那些一心想要扭转日本人口下降趋势的政治人士感到担忧。
As recently as the mid-1990s, only 1 in 20 women in Japan had never been married by the time they turned 50, according to government census figures. But by 2015, the most recent year for which statistics are available, that had changed drastically, with 1 in 7 women remaining unmarried by that age.日本政府的人口普查数据显示，就在1990年代中期，日本在50岁之前未结过婚的女性还只有二十分之一。但到了2015年，也就是最近一次有统计数据的年份，情况已经发生巨变，有七分之一的女性在那个年龄段仍然未婚。
And for women ages 35 to 39, the percentage was even higher: Nearly a quarter had never been married, compared with only about 10% two decades earlier.而对35岁至39岁的女性，这一比例甚至更高：将近四分之一从未结婚，相比之下，二十年前这一数字只有10%左右。
The change is so striking that a growing number of businesses now cater to singles, and to single women in particular. There are single karaoke salons featuring women-only zones, restaurants designed for solo diners, and apartment complexes that target women looking to buy or rent homes on their own. Travel companies book tours for single women, and photo studios offer sessions in which women can don wedding dresses and pose for solo bridal portraits.这种变化如此突出，以至于越来越多的商家如今开始迎合单身人士、特别是单身女性的需求。有设女士专区的单身卡拉OK厅、专为单身食客设计的餐馆，还有专门针对女性自己购买或租住情形的公寓楼群。旅游公司会给单身女性订购行程，摄影工作室会为女性提供披戴婚纱、拍摄单身婚纱照的机会。

4月2日高中英语词汇突破专练Unit15

做完所有题目，再核对答案，用红笔纠错！

Unit15答案详解

关注冠状病毒：什么时候才会有疫苗？

Even at their most effective – and draconian – containment strategies have only slowed the spread of the respiratory disease Covid-19. With the World Health Organization finally declaring a pandemic, all eyes have turned to the prospect of a vaccine, because only a vaccine can prevent people from getting sick.
即使采取最有效---和严厉的遏制策略，也只能减缓呼吸道疾病Covid-19的传播。随着世界卫生组织最终宣布该疾病的大流行，所有人的目光都转向了未来疫苗的面世，因为只有疫苗才能防止人们得病。
About 35 companies and academic institutions are racing to create such a vaccine, at least four of which already have candidates they have been testing in animals. The first of these – produced by Boston-based biotech firm Moderna – will enterhuman trials imminently.
大约有35家公司和学术机构正在全力开发这种疫苗，其中至少有四家已经具有在动物中进行过测试的候选疫苗。他们中的佼佼者-由波士顿的生物技术公司Moderna生产的疫苗-即将进行人体试验。
Though nobody could have predicted that the next infectious disease to threaten the globe would be caused by a coronavirus – flu is generally considered to pose the greatest pandemic risk – vaccinologists had hedged their bets by working on “prototype” pathogens. “The speed with which we have [produced these candidates] builds very much on the investment in development of vaccines for other coronaviruses,” says Richard Hatchett, CEO of the Oslo-based nonprofit the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (Cepi), which is leading efforts to finance and coordinate Covid-19 vaccine development.
尽管没有人能预测下一个威胁地球的传染病就一定是冠状病毒引起 – 通常我们认为流感最有可能造成全球大流行– 但疫苗学家们必须做好两手准备，他们要研究出“原型”病原体。位于奥斯陆的非营利组织流行病预防创新联盟（Cepi）的首席执行官Richard Hatchett说：“我们[生产这些候选药物的速度]很大程度上取决于我们开发其他冠状病毒疫苗的投资是多少。” 这也是为Covid-19疫苗开发提供资金和协调的主要工作。
Clinical trials, an essential precursor to regulatory approval, usually take place in three phases. The first, involving a few dozen healthy volunteers, tests the vaccine for safety, monitoring for adverse effects. The second, involving several hundred people, usually in a part of the world affected by the disease, looks at how effective the vaccine is, and the third does the same in several thousand people. But there’s a high level of attrition as experimental vaccines pass through these phases. “Not all horses that leave the starting gate will finish the race,” says Bruce Gellin, who runs the global immunisation programme for the Washington DC-based nonprofit, the Sabin Vaccine Institute, and is collaborating with Cepi over a Covid-19 vaccine.
临床试验是疫苗获得监管机构批准的重要前提，通常分三个阶段进行。首先，会用数十名健康志愿者对疫苗进行安全性测试，监测不良反应。第二种方法涉及数百人，通常在世界上受该病影响的一部分地区，研究疫苗的有效性，第三种方法在数千人中也是如此。但是，随着实验性疫苗通过这些阶段，且损耗水平很高。“并非所有出发的马匹都能完成比赛，”布鲁斯•盖林说。他为总部位于华盛顿特区的非营利组织萨宾疫苗研究所（Sabin Vaccine Institute）开展了全球免疫计划，并与Cepi合作开发Covid-19疫苗。
Either the candidates are unsafe, or they’re ineffective, or both. Screening out duds is essential, which is why clinical trials can’t be skipped or hurried. Approval can be accelerated if regulators have approved similar products before. The annual flu vaccine, for example, is the product of a well-honed assembly line in which only one or a few modules have to be updated each year. In contrast, Sars-CoV-2 is a novel pathogen in humans, and many of the technologies being used to build vaccines are relatively untested too. No vaccine made from genetic material – RNA or DNA – has been approved to date, for example. So the Covid-19 vaccine candidates have to be treated as brand new vaccines, and as Gellin says: “While there is a push to do things as fast as possible, it’s really important not to take shortcuts.”
候选的疫苗有可能不安全，要么无效，或者两者兼而有之。因此筛选出次品是至关重要的，这就是为什么不能跳过或匆忙进行临床试验的原因。如果监管机构之前已批准类似产品，则可以加快审批速度。例如，每年的流感疫苗都是经过精心设计的流水线产品，每年仅需更新一个或几个模块。相反的，Sars-CoV-2是人类的一种新型病原体，用于构建疫苗的许多技术也都未经测试。例如，迄今为止，尚未有由遗传物质（RNA或DNA）制成的疫苗被批准。因此，必须将Covid-19候选疫苗视为全新的疫苗，并且正如Gellin所说：“尽管我们都想尽快做出疫苗，但我们不能走捷径，这很重要。
In the meantime, there is another potential problem. As soon as a vaccine is approved, it’s going to be needed in vast quantities – and many of the organisations in the Covid-19 vaccine race simply don’t have the necessary production capacity. Vaccine development is already a risky affair, in business terms, because so few candidates get anywhere near the clinic. Production facilities tend to be tailored to specific vaccines, and scaling these up when you don’t yet know if your product will succeed is not commercially feasible.
与此同时还有另一个潜在的问题。疫苗一旦获得批准，便将需要被大量使用-在Covid-19疫苗竞赛中的许多组织根本就没有必须的生产能力。从商业角度来说，疫苗开发已经是一件危险的事情，因为很少有候选疫苗能到到达临床阶段。生产设施往往是针对特定疫苗量身定制的，并且在您尚不知道产品能否成功的情况下扩大生产规模在商业上是不可行的。

　　全部的内容，你都学会了吗？

❤你，今天坚持学习了吗？❤

任何成长都需要过程去沉淀，

从不会到会有个积累的过程，

你需要给自己每次行动的机会！

不忘初心，不走形式，从心❤出发！